ingotn.

/ˈɪŋɡət/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s yngot.

Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Occurs in Chaucer in sense 1; then not till the second half of the 16th cent. in sense 2 (though sense 1 is also used in 16–18th cent.). French has lingot (in sense 2) from 1405 onward; medieval Latin lingotus (1440 in Du Cange), Spanish lingote, Portuguese linhota; all perhaps < French. See below.The form ingold in Wright's Chaucer ( Can.-Yeom. T. 656) is a scribal error of MS. Harl. 7334; ingowe in Spenser ( F.Q. ii. vii. 5) is either a misprint or a mistaken archaism.Note. French lingot is held by some French etymologists to be adopted < English, with coalescence of the article, for l'ingot . The origin of a term of alchemy (as this evidently was) in English, is not a priori probable. Also, the only recorded sense of French lingot (which appears frequently in 15th-16th cent.) is = our sense 2, while the English ingot before 1558 is known only from Chaucer in sense 1: this makes a difficulty, unless it is assumed that sense 2 was also in English during these two centuries, though not yet found. Those who assume an English origin suggest a derivation (not unapt as regards the sense) < in adverb, and goten, ancient past participle of Old English geótan, Middle English ȝeoten, ȝeten, yheten, modern dialect yett to pour, to cast (metal). Here there is the difficulty that the past participle goten was conformed to the rest of the verb, as ȝoten, yhoten, yoten, before the 14th cent.; the hard g might perhaps have been retained in an old compound, as in the derivative gote, ‘watercourse, gutter, drain’, but even in that case we should have expected an original final vowel, giving Middle English ingote. The existing evidence is thus too contradictory for any certain conclusion.

†1. A mould in which metal is cast; an ingot-mould. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould

ingotc1386

pattern1492

lingot1549

core1728

striker1843

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 670 He took the Chalk, and shoope it in the wise Of an Ingot.

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 680 And fro the fir he took vp his mateere And in thyngot putte it.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. i. 354 Mysticall termes of art: as (for a tast) their subliming, amalgaming..matters combust and coagulat, ingots, tests, &c. [cf. Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 265].

1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Ingot, a wedge of gold, also the trough wherin it is molten.

1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 46 Set the Ingot smooth that the Copper may be no thicker at one end than the other.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 306/2 An Ingot or Lingate..is an Iron, Brass, or Copper Instrument, with an hollow place made in it, to receive and hold any sort of Metal cast into it.

1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 62 When in Fusion, pour it out into a flat Ingot, and let it cool.

2. A mass (usually oblong or brick-shaped) of cast metal, esp. of gold or silver, and (in modern use) of steel; these last are of various shapes.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > in the lump > ingot of

wedgec900

ingot1423

barc1595

billet1670

wafer1974

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > in form of pigs > pig, ingot, or bar

gada1325

lingot1488

rod1494

niggot1579

nygot1579

ingot1582

sow1590

pig1620

forge-pig1839

1423 Rolls Parl. IV. 22 Item, diverses Yngottes & kakes d'arg[ent], pois[auntz] xxxiii ɫƀ vii unc'. Item, vi Yngottes d'arg[ent], poisauntz vi ɫƀ ix unc' di.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 11 His wief to hyd treasur he poincted, Where the vnknowne ingots of gould and siluer abounded.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. ii. 357 A beechen cole, within the which was conueied an ingot of perfect siluer.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S2 Great heapes of gold..Of which some were..new driuen, and distent Into great Ingowes [1596 Ingoes], and to wedges square.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 464 15000 wedges or ingots of gold, 35000 lumps or masses of siluer.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 46. ⁋2 Not, like a Miser, to gaze only on his Ingots or his Treasures.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 482 The silver is dried and fused in crucibles to be cast into ingots.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 343 The ingots of cast-steel can be drawn into bars one-third of an inch square.

1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 633 At the present exhibition he [Krupp] shows an ingot of cylindrical form that weighs 20 Tons.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ingot-copper n.

ΚΠ

1877 A. S. Hewish in R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 363 About 8,000 tons of ingot-copper.

ingot-gad n.

ΚΠ

1558–62 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid viii. sig. Bb.iij Yngot gaddes with clashing clinckes, In blustryng forges blown.

ingot-holder n.

ΚΠ

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Aug. 10/1 Crushed to death by the fall of the ingot-holder, a bar of iron weighing eight tons.

ingot-mould n.

ΚΠ

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 759 The metal is poured into an ingot~mould.

ingot-silver n.

C2.

ingot iron n. iron which contains too little carbon to temper and is nearly pure by industrial standards, differing from wrought iron in containing no slag.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron

landiron1428

wood-iron1536

bullate1591

bullet-iron1686

tough-iron1686

Russia iron1751

Russian iron1758

sable1785

Russia1805

stub-iron1820

bushel-iron1831

Russia sheet-iron1835

stub-nail iron1839

stub Damascus1845

Berlin iron1854

charcoal-iron1858

Bessemer iron1864

tank-iron1864

ship-plate1873

ingot iron1877

tank-plate1892

structural1895

Armco1914

1877 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1876–7 5 20 Mr. A. L. Holley, Chairman of the International Committee, appointed by the Institute to consider the nomenclature of iron and steel, offered the following report:…That all compounds of iron with its ordinary ingredients, which have been cast from a fluid state into malleable masses, and which will not sensibly harden by being quenched in water, while at a red heat, shall be called ingot iron.

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron (ed. 2) xxi. 461 The Bessemer process is not adapted to the production of malleable iron, but it yields..‘ingot iron’, at a cheap rate.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 118/1 For most electro-technical purposes the best magnetic results are given by the employment of forged ingot-iron.

1938 J. Newton Introd. Metall. vii. 178 Ingot iron and wrought iron are both very low in carbon, and their physical properties approach those of pure iron.

1938 J. Newton Introd. Metall. xvi. 499 Ingot iron is commercially pure iron, with total impurities < 0·10 per cent, which is made by a special basic open~hearth process.

1962 A. G. Guy Physical Metall. for Engineers v. 138 Ingot iron in the form of galvanized or enameled sheets is used for such purposes as roofing and siding.

ingot-metal n. steel or iron which is poured into moulds when fluid.

ΚΠ

1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 330/1 The ingot after having a hole punched through it (or cast in a thick ring if of molten ‘ingot metal’).

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 571/1 Slagless or ‘Ingot-Metal’ Series.

ingot-pitch n. the pitch or condition in which metal is fit to be cast.

ΚΠ

1904 Electrochem. Industry Mar. 90 Ingot-pitch.

ingot-steel n. steel cast in ingots, containing sufficient carbon to harden and temper.

ΚΠ

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 616/1 The metal, when melted, is poured into a mould, and acquires the name of ‘ingot steel’.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 571/2 Half-Hard and High-Carbon Steels, sometimes called ‘ingot-steel’.

ingot stripper n. a machine for separating an ingot from the mould containing it.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > equipment for loosening from mould

rapping bar1888

ingot stripper1904

1904 J. W. Hall in Harbord & Hall Metall. Steel i. 41 The ‘Ingot Stripper’ is a most efficient machine..saving..all damage to the moulds from sledging to remove the ingots.

1957 J. M. Camp & C. B. Francis Making, Shaping & Treating of Steel (ed. 7) xv. 295 (caption) Schematic representation of the action of an ingot stripper in removing the molds from (left) big-end-down ingots and (right) big-end-up ingots.

ingot structure n. the arrangement of crystals in an ingot.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > presence of crystals in casting > arrangement of

ingot structure1932

1932 E. Gregory Metall. ii. 49 The original ingot structure exerts a profound influence on the behaviour of the material during forging, rolling, etc.

1952 J. Wulff et al. Metall. for Engineers xvii. 316 Some knowledge of how steels are melted is useful for interpreting ingot structure.

ingot-teeming n. (see teeming n.² 2).

ΚΠ

1917 Nature 4 Oct. 92/2 The problem of temperature measurement and the pyrometric control of furnace-casting and ingot-teeming temperatures in steel manufacture.

Derivatives

ˈingoted adj. furnished with ingots or wealth.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective]

richeOE

eadyOE

richfulc1300

plenteousc1350

wealthyc1380

wealthfula1400

wlouȝa1400

wellc1405

biga1425

goldedc1450

substantious1490

able1516

opulent?1518

substantive1543

strong1581

fat1611

juicy1627

fortuned1632

affluent1652

rhinocerical1688

rough1721

rowthy1792

golden1797

strong-handed1817

well-to-do1831

wealth-encumbered1844

nabobish1857

rhinoceral1860

ingoted1864

tinny1871

pocket-filled1886

oofy1896

nawabi1955

brewstered2001

1864 E. Yates Broken to Harness xvii He's safe to ask no women who are not enormously ingotted.

1875 M. E. Braddon Hostages to Fortune I. i. 25 People who trace their lineage as far as Hengist and Horsa are seldom heavily ingotted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	ingot
释义	ingotn. /ˈɪŋɡət/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s yngot. Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Occurs in Chaucer in sense 1; then not till the second half of the 16th cent. in sense 2 (though sense 1 is also used in 16–18th cent.). French has lingot (in sense 2) from 1405 onward; medieval Latin lingotus (1440 in Du Cange), Spanish lingote, Portuguese linhota; all perhaps < French. See below.The form ingold in Wright's Chaucer ( Can.-Yeom. T. 656) is a scribal error of MS. Harl. 7334; ingowe in Spenser ( F.Q. ii. vii. 5) is either a misprint or a mistaken archaism.Note. French lingot is held by some French etymologists to be adopted < English, with coalescence of the article, for l'ingot . The origin of a term of alchemy (as this evidently was) in English, is not a priori probable. Also, the only recorded sense of French lingot (which appears frequently in 15th-16th cent.) is = our sense 2, while the English ingot before 1558 is known only from Chaucer in sense 1: this makes a difficulty, unless it is assumed that sense 2 was also in English during these two centuries, though not yet found. Those who assume an English origin suggest a derivation (not unapt as regards the sense) < in adverb, and goten, ancient past participle of Old English geótan, Middle English ȝeoten, ȝeten, yheten, modern dialect yett to pour, to cast (metal). Here there is the difficulty that the past participle goten was conformed to the rest of the verb, as ȝoten, yhoten, yoten, before the 14th cent.; the hard g might perhaps have been retained in an old compound, as in the derivative gote, ‘watercourse, gutter, drain’, but even in that case we should have expected an original final vowel, giving Middle English ingote. The existing evidence is thus too contradictory for any certain conclusion. †1. A mould in which metal is cast; an ingot-mould. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould ingotc1386 pattern1492 lingot1549 core1728 striker1843 c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 670 He took the Chalk, and shoope it in the wise Of an Ingot. c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 680 And fro the fir he took vp his mateere And in thyngot putte it. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. i. 354 Mysticall termes of art: as (for a tast) their subliming, amalgaming..matters combust and coagulat, ingots, tests, &c. [cf. Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 265]. 1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Ingot, a wedge of gold, also the trough wherin it is molten. 1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 46 Set the Ingot smooth that the Copper may be no thicker at one end than the other. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 306/2 An Ingot or Lingate..is an Iron, Brass, or Copper Instrument, with an hollow place made in it, to receive and hold any sort of Metal cast into it. 1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 62 When in Fusion, pour it out into a flat Ingot, and let it cool. 2. A mass (usually oblong or brick-shaped) of cast metal, esp. of gold or silver, and (in modern use) of steel; these last are of various shapes. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > in the lump > ingot of wedgec900 ingot1423 barc1595 billet1670 wafer1974 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > in form of pigs > pig, ingot, or bar gada1325 lingot1488 rod1494 niggot1579 nygot1579 ingot1582 sow1590 pig1620 forge-pig1839 1423 Rolls Parl. IV. 22 Item, diverses Yngottes & kakes d'arg[ent], pois[auntz] xxxiii ɫƀ vii unc'. Item, vi Yngottes d'arg[ent], poisauntz vi ɫƀ ix unc' di. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 11 His wief to hyd treasur he poincted, Where the vnknowne ingots of gould and siluer abounded. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. ii. 357 A beechen cole, within the which was conueied an ingot of perfect siluer. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S2 Great heapes of gold..Of which some were..new driuen, and distent Into great Ingowes [1596 Ingoes], and to wedges square. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 464 15000 wedges or ingots of gold, 35000 lumps or masses of siluer. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 46. ⁋2 Not, like a Miser, to gaze only on his Ingots or his Treasures. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 482 The silver is dried and fused in crucibles to be cast into ingots. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 343 The ingots of cast-steel can be drawn into bars one-third of an inch square. 1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 633 At the present exhibition he [Krupp] shows an ingot of cylindrical form that weighs 20 Tons. Compounds C1. General attributive. ingot-copper n. ΚΠ 1877 A. S. Hewish in R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 363 About 8,000 tons of ingot-copper. ingot-gad n. ΚΠ 1558–62 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid viii. sig. Bb.iij Yngot gaddes with clashing clinckes, In blustryng forges blown. ingot-holder n. ΚΠ 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Aug. 10/1 Crushed to death by the fall of the ingot-holder, a bar of iron weighing eight tons. ingot-mould n. ΚΠ 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 759 The metal is poured into an ingot~mould. ingot-silver n. C2. ingot iron n. iron which contains too little carbon to temper and is nearly pure by industrial standards, differing from wrought iron in containing no slag. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron landiron1428 wood-iron1536 bullate1591 bullet-iron1686 tough-iron1686 Russia iron1751 Russian iron1758 sable1785 Russia1805 stub-iron1820 bushel-iron1831 Russia sheet-iron1835 stub-nail iron1839 stub Damascus1845 Berlin iron1854 charcoal-iron1858 Bessemer iron1864 tank-iron1864 ship-plate1873 ingot iron1877 tank-plate1892 structural1895 Armco1914 1877 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1876–7 5 20 Mr. A. L. Holley, Chairman of the International Committee, appointed by the Institute to consider the nomenclature of iron and steel, offered the following report:…That all compounds of iron with its ordinary ingredients, which have been cast from a fluid state into malleable masses, and which will not sensibly harden by being quenched in water, while at a red heat, shall be called ingot iron. 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron (ed. 2) xxi. 461 The Bessemer process is not adapted to the production of malleable iron, but it yields..‘ingot iron’, at a cheap rate. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 118/1 For most electro-technical purposes the best magnetic results are given by the employment of forged ingot-iron. 1938 J. Newton Introd. Metall. vii. 178 Ingot iron and wrought iron are both very low in carbon, and their physical properties approach those of pure iron. 1938 J. Newton Introd. Metall. xvi. 499 Ingot iron is commercially pure iron, with total impurities < 0·10 per cent, which is made by a special basic open~hearth process. 1962 A. G. Guy Physical Metall. for Engineers v. 138 Ingot iron in the form of galvanized or enameled sheets is used for such purposes as roofing and siding. ingot-metal n. steel or iron which is poured into moulds when fluid. ΚΠ 1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 330/1 The ingot after having a hole punched through it (or cast in a thick ring if of molten ‘ingot metal’). 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 571/1 Slagless or ‘Ingot-Metal’ Series. ingot-pitch n. the pitch or condition in which metal is fit to be cast. ΚΠ 1904 Electrochem. Industry Mar. 90 Ingot-pitch. ingot-steel n. steel cast in ingots, containing sufficient carbon to harden and temper. ΚΠ 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 616/1 The metal, when melted, is poured into a mould, and acquires the name of ‘ingot steel’. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 571/2 Half-Hard and High-Carbon Steels, sometimes called ‘ingot-steel’. ingot stripper n. a machine for separating an ingot from the mould containing it. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > equipment for loosening from mould rapping bar1888 ingot stripper1904 1904 J. W. Hall in Harbord & Hall Metall. Steel i. 41 The ‘Ingot Stripper’ is a most efficient machine..saving..all damage to the moulds from sledging to remove the ingots. 1957 J. M. Camp & C. B. Francis Making, Shaping & Treating of Steel (ed. 7) xv. 295 (caption) Schematic representation of the action of an ingot stripper in removing the molds from (left) big-end-down ingots and (right) big-end-up ingots. ingot structure n. the arrangement of crystals in an ingot. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > presence of crystals in casting > arrangement of ingot structure1932 1932 E. Gregory Metall. ii. 49 The original ingot structure exerts a profound influence on the behaviour of the material during forging, rolling, etc. 1952 J. Wulff et al. Metall. for Engineers xvii. 316 Some knowledge of how steels are melted is useful for interpreting ingot structure. ingot-teeming n. (see teeming n.² 2). ΚΠ 1917 Nature 4 Oct. 92/2 The problem of temperature measurement and the pyrometric control of furnace-casting and ingot-teeming temperatures in steel manufacture. Derivatives ˈingoted adj. furnished with ingots or wealth. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] richeOE eadyOE richfulc1300 plenteousc1350 wealthyc1380 wealthfula1400 wlouȝa1400 wellc1405 biga1425 goldedc1450 substantious1490 able1516 opulent?1518 substantive1543 strong1581 fat1611 juicy1627 fortuned1632 affluent1652 rhinocerical1688 rough1721 rowthy1792 golden1797 strong-handed1817 well-to-do1831 wealth-encumbered1844 nabobish1857 rhinoceral1860 ingoted1864 tinny1871 pocket-filled1886 oofy1896 nawabi1955 brewstered2001 1864 E. Yates Broken to Harness xvii He's safe to ask no women who are not enormously ingotted. 1875 M. E. Braddon Hostages to Fortune I. i. 25 People who trace their lineage as far as Hengist and Horsa are seldom heavily ingotted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1386
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