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单词 ingot
释义

ingotn.

/ˈɪŋɡət/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s yngot.
Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Occurs in Chaucer in sense 1; then not till the second half of the 16th cent. in sense 2 (though sense 1 is also used in 16–18th cent.). French has lingot (in sense 2) from 1405 onward; medieval Latin lingotus (1440 in Du Cange), Spanish lingote, Portuguese linhota; all perhaps < French. See below.The form ingold in Wright's Chaucer ( Can.-Yeom. T. 656) is a scribal error of MS. Harl. 7334; ingowe in Spenser ( F.Q. ii. vii. 5) is either a misprint or a mistaken archaism.Note. French lingot is held by some French etymologists to be adopted < English, with coalescence of the article, for l'ingot . The origin of a term of alchemy (as this evidently was) in English, is not a priori probable. Also, the only recorded sense of French lingot (which appears frequently in 15th-16th cent.) is = our sense 2, while the English ingot before 1558 is known only from Chaucer in sense 1: this makes a difficulty, unless it is assumed that sense 2 was also in English during these two centuries, though not yet found. Those who assume an English origin suggest a derivation (not unapt as regards the sense) < in adverb, and goten, ancient past participle of Old English geótan, Middle English ȝeoten, ȝeten, yheten, modern dialect yett to pour, to cast (metal). Here there is the difficulty that the past participle goten was conformed to the rest of the verb, as ȝoten, yhoten, yoten, before the 14th cent.; the hard g might perhaps have been retained in an old compound, as in the derivative gote, ‘watercourse, gutter, drain’, but even in that case we should have expected an original final vowel, giving Middle English ingote. The existing evidence is thus too contradictory for any certain conclusion.
1. A mould in which metal is cast; an ingot-mould. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould
ingotc1386
pattern1492
lingot1549
core1728
striker1843
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 670 He took the Chalk, and shoope it in the wise Of an Ingot.
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 680 And fro the fir he took vp his mateere And in thyngot putte it.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. i. 354 Mysticall termes of art: as (for a tast) their subliming, amalgaming..matters combust and coagulat, ingots, tests, &c. [cf. Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 265].
1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Ingot, a wedge of gold, also the trough wherin it is molten.
1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 46 Set the Ingot smooth that the Copper may be no thicker at one end than the other.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 306/2 An Ingot or Lingate..is an Iron, Brass, or Copper Instrument, with an hollow place made in it, to receive and hold any sort of Metal cast into it.
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 62 When in Fusion, pour it out into a flat Ingot, and let it cool.
2. A mass (usually oblong or brick-shaped) of cast metal, esp. of gold or silver, and (in modern use) of steel; these last are of various shapes.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > in the lump > ingot of
wedgec900
ingot1423
barc1595
billet1670
wafer1974
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > in form of pigs > pig, ingot, or bar
gada1325
lingot1488
rod1494
niggot1579
nygot1579
ingot1582
sow1590
pig1620
forge-pig1839
1423 Rolls Parl. IV. 22 Item, diverses Yngottes & kakes d'arg[ent], pois[auntz] xxxiii ɫƀ vii unc'. Item, vi Yngottes d'arg[ent], poisauntz vi ɫƀ ix unc' di.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 11 His wief to hyd treasur he poincted, Where the vnknowne ingots of gould and siluer abounded.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. ii. 357 A beechen cole, within the which was conueied an ingot of perfect siluer.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S2 Great heapes of gold..Of which some were..new driuen, and distent Into great Ingowes [1596 Ingoes], and to wedges square.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 464 15000 wedges or ingots of gold, 35000 lumps or masses of siluer.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 46. ⁋2 Not, like a Miser, to gaze only on his Ingots or his Treasures.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 482 The silver is dried and fused in crucibles to be cast into ingots.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 343 The ingots of cast-steel can be drawn into bars one-third of an inch square.
1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 633 At the present exhibition he [Krupp] shows an ingot of cylindrical form that weighs 20 Tons.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
ingot-copper n.
ΚΠ
1877 A. S. Hewish in R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 363 About 8,000 tons of ingot-copper.
ingot-gad n.
ΚΠ
1558–62 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid viii. sig. Bb.iij Yngot gaddes with clashing clinckes, In blustryng forges blown.
ingot-holder n.
ΚΠ
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Aug. 10/1 Crushed to death by the fall of the ingot-holder, a bar of iron weighing eight tons.
ingot-mould n.
ΚΠ
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 759 The metal is poured into an ingot~mould.
ingot-silver n.
C2.
ingot iron n. iron which contains too little carbon to temper and is nearly pure by industrial standards, differing from wrought iron in containing no slag.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron
landiron1428
wood-iron1536
bullate1591
bullet-iron1686
tough-iron1686
Russia iron1751
Russian iron1758
sable1785
Russia1805
stub-iron1820
bushel-iron1831
Russia sheet-iron1835
stub-nail iron1839
stub Damascus1845
Berlin iron1854
charcoal-iron1858
Bessemer iron1864
tank-iron1864
ship-plate1873
ingot iron1877
tank-plate1892
structural1895
Armco1914
1877 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1876–7 5 20 Mr. A. L. Holley, Chairman of the International Committee, appointed by the Institute to consider the nomenclature of iron and steel, offered the following report:…That all compounds of iron with its ordinary ingredients, which have been cast from a fluid state into malleable masses, and which will not sensibly harden by being quenched in water, while at a red heat, shall be called ingot iron.
1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron (ed. 2) xxi. 461 The Bessemer process is not adapted to the production of malleable iron, but it yields..‘ingot iron’, at a cheap rate.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 118/1 For most electro-technical purposes the best magnetic results are given by the employment of forged ingot-iron.
1938 J. Newton Introd. Metall. vii. 178 Ingot iron and wrought iron are both very low in carbon, and their physical properties approach those of pure iron.
1938 J. Newton Introd. Metall. xvi. 499 Ingot iron is commercially pure iron, with total impurities < 0·10 per cent, which is made by a special basic open~hearth process.
1962 A. G. Guy Physical Metall. for Engineers v. 138 Ingot iron in the form of galvanized or enameled sheets is used for such purposes as roofing and siding.
ingot-metal n. steel or iron which is poured into moulds when fluid.
ΚΠ
1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 330/1 The ingot after having a hole punched through it (or cast in a thick ring if of molten ‘ingot metal’).
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 571/1 Slagless or ‘Ingot-Metal’ Series.
ingot-pitch n. the pitch or condition in which metal is fit to be cast.
ΚΠ
1904 Electrochem. Industry Mar. 90 Ingot-pitch.
ingot-steel n. steel cast in ingots, containing sufficient carbon to harden and temper.
ΚΠ
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 616/1 The metal, when melted, is poured into a mould, and acquires the name of ‘ingot steel’.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 571/2 Half-Hard and High-Carbon Steels, sometimes called ‘ingot-steel’.
ingot stripper n. a machine for separating an ingot from the mould containing it.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > mould > equipment for loosening from mould
rapping bar1888
ingot stripper1904
1904 J. W. Hall in Harbord & Hall Metall. Steel i. 41 The ‘Ingot Stripper’ is a most efficient machine..saving..all damage to the moulds from sledging to remove the ingots.
1957 J. M. Camp & C. B. Francis Making, Shaping & Treating of Steel (ed. 7) xv. 295 (caption) Schematic representation of the action of an ingot stripper in removing the molds from (left) big-end-down ingots and (right) big-end-up ingots.
ingot structure n. the arrangement of crystals in an ingot.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > presence of crystals in casting > arrangement of
ingot structure1932
1932 E. Gregory Metall. ii. 49 The original ingot structure exerts a profound influence on the behaviour of the material during forging, rolling, etc.
1952 J. Wulff et al. Metall. for Engineers xvii. 316 Some knowledge of how steels are melted is useful for interpreting ingot structure.
ingot-teeming n. (see teeming n.2 2).
ΚΠ
1917 Nature 4 Oct. 92/2 The problem of temperature measurement and the pyrometric control of furnace-casting and ingot-teeming temperatures in steel manufacture.

Derivatives

ˈingoted adj. furnished with ingots or wealth.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective]
richeOE
eadyOE
richfulc1300
plenteousc1350
wealthyc1380
wealthfula1400
wlouȝa1400
wellc1405
biga1425
goldedc1450
substantious1490
able1516
opulent?1518
substantive1543
strong1581
fat1611
juicy1627
fortuned1632
affluent1652
rhinocerical1688
rough1721
rowthy1792
golden1797
strong-handed1817
well-to-do1831
wealth-encumbered1844
nabobish1857
rhinoceral1860
ingoted1864
tinny1871
pocket-filled1886
oofy1896
nawabi1955
brewstered2001
1864 E. Yates Broken to Harness xvii He's safe to ask no women who are not enormously ingotted.
1875 M. E. Braddon Hostages to Fortune I. i. 25 People who trace their lineage as far as Hengist and Horsa are seldom heavily ingotted.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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