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单词 india
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Indian.

Brit. /ˈɪndɪə/, U.S. /ˈɪndiə/
Forms: 1500s– India; English regional 1800s– Indy, 1800s– Ingy, 1900s– Indee; U.S. regional 1900s– Injy.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name India.
Etymology: < India, the name of a country in South Asia, formerly used more broadly to denote all of South Asia, and sometimes also other parts of East Asia and South-East Asia (see further discussion below on the historical usage of the name) < classical Latin India , denoting an imprecisely-defined region of Asia, extending from South Asia to the borders of China, sometimes confused with Ethiopia, Arabia, etc. < Hellenistic Greek Ἰνδία < ancient Greek Ἰνδός the River Indus ( < Achaemenian Old Persian hindu , denoting an eastern province of the Achaemenid empire (Persian hind India), Avestan hiṇdu , həṇdu river, (natural) frontier, cognate with Sanskrit sindhu river, spec. the River Indus; hence the region of the Indus, the province Sindh ( > Hellenistic Greek Σίνθος the River Indus; also Σινθία India, Byzantine Greek Σινθίος Indian, all rare); gradually extended by Persians and Greeks to all the country east of the Indus) + -ία -ia suffix1. Compare Ind n., Indy n.1, and also Indies n.The name India appears in Old English as a borrowing < Latin, as India (see quots. eOE1, OE) and probably also as Indea and Indie (the latter apparently after the Latin genitive singular), although these forms are often difficult to distinguish from forms of the ethnonym (see Indian adj. and n.), especially as ethnonyms are frequently used in Old English to denote geographical areas (compare quots. eOE2, lOE). During the Middle English period the name is more commonly represented by forms borrowed < Anglo-Norman and Middle French Ynde , Inde (see Ind n.). The name India reappears from the late Middle English period onwards (compare quot. a1500), perhaps partly reinforced by Portuguese India , Spanish India , and Dutch India . From the Old English period, the name India has been used to denote a large country or territory of Southern Asia, and in more recent times also used specifically for the Republic of India. Formerly the name was also used in a narrower sense to denote an area lying east of the River Indus and south of the Himalaya Mountains (in this restricted sense also formerly called Hindustan : see Hindustani adj.); this usage was also extended to include the region further east, between that area and China (sometimes formerly referred to as Farther or Further India ; compare Old English sēo firre India : see quot. OE). See also East India n. eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 11 Of þæm beorgum þe mon hæt Caucasus..þa þe be norþan India [OE Tiber. Indea] sindon.eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 9 Þæt sint India [OE Tiber. Indea] gemæro [L. in his finibus India est] þær þær Caucasus se beorg is be norþan, & Indus seo ea be westan... On Indea londe is xliiii þeoda.OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 414 Þa wearð se halga Thomas gewissod eft þurh God þæt he sceolde faran to þære fyrran Indian, and gewende þyder.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Domitian A.viii) anno 883 Þan ylcan geare Ælfred sende his ælmessan to Rome & eac to India to sancte Thome & to sancte Bartholomeę.a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 112 Þer is anoder kynde þat is cleped virundicum, & it groweþ in india.?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Ciij This quarter is India minor And this quarter India maior The lande of prester Iohn.1576 R. Eden (title) Decade of Voyages. The Navigation and Voyages of Lewes Vertomanus..to the regions of Arabia..East India, both within and without the Ganges.1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 452 Under the name of India, heere we comprehend all that Tract between Indus..on the West, unto China Eastward.1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 93 He Spous'd in India Of noble house a Lady gay.1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 7 If we are not able to contrive some method of governing India well.1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. ix. 541 The whole of India would fall under the dominion of one Governor, unassisted and uncontrolled.1893 Folk-lore 4 435 India is certainly the centre of origin..and the period of dispersion is that during which India has been in culture contact with Europe.1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xx. 110 The south-west monsoon is essentially the rain-giver of India.1934 Discovery Feb. 44/1 The important distinction is that between the Aryan and Dravidian-speaking peoples, which broadly set off northern India against the south.1962 R. G. Boyd Communist China's Foreign Policy viii. 112 The publicising of China's achievements in India was facilitated by the cordial relationship of ‘peaceful co-existence’ which existed between the two countries.2007 Daily Tel. 12 Sept. 16/5 You could be put in the front of the queue because you're more likely to buy a service, or you might be redirected to India. From the first half of the 16th cent. the name India was also used in plural form Indias , sometimes denoting the whole of South-East Asia to the east of and including India, and sometimes denoting the islands of South-East Asia (see East Indies n.). As well as this, the name Indias was also used to denote the Americas, and specifically the chain of islands extending from the Florida peninsula to the coast of Venezuela (see West Indies n.). It is not always possible to distinguish between examples of use referring to East Asia and to the Americas (compare the quots. below). This use of Indias probably reflects Spanish or Portuguese usage; compare e.g. Spanish las Indias (14th cent. denoting a large country or territory of Southern Asia, 1493 in Columbus denoting the Americas; compare las Indias occidentales (1516 or earlier denoting the Americas)). See also Indies n. 1523 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 193 Golde..browght hithir from the Indias.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxv By the labor..of us only Portyngales, the trade to the..Indias [was] fyrst sought and found.1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) vi. 333 In every place, as in the Indiaes..the vse of many seemeth to take away all abuse.1699 E. Ward Trip to New-Eng. 10 Their Mouths stink as bad as the Bowl of a Sailers Pipe, which he has funk'd in, without Burning, a whole Voyage to the Indias.1756 H. Laurens Let. 5 July in Papers (1970) II. 241 Tis not improbable he may have met a nozer on the Coast..;& bore away to the West Indias.1832 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 293 Francisco Xavier, the friend and companion of Loyola, and from his zeal in the Eastern Missions, surnamed the Apostle of the Indias.1850 W. C. Jones Rep. Land Titles Calif. v. 28 That is, according to the compilation of the ‘Laws of the Indias’, which we know make certain provisions of the most liberal character for the founding and encouragement of new populations.1888 Science 12 12/2 Our work refers over and over again to the fact that the continent was officially known in Spain as the Indias.1921 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 4 786 We have pointed out that the predecessor of León Pinelo in the office of historian of the Indias was Gil González Dávila.1955 Brit. Jrnl. Educ. Stud. 3 173 The Spanish régime in the Indias down to 1680.1997 Americas 53 444 Jacobs' examination of return migration from the Indias..and documents much greater movement back and forth across the Atlantic than is widely appreciated. From the second half of the 16th cent. the name India was also applied to America, or some parts of it (mostly reflecting Spanish or Portuguese usage).1553 R. Eden (title) A treatyse of the newe India, with other new founde landes and ilandes..after the descripcion of Sebastian Munster.1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 451 The name of India, is now applied to all farre-distant Countries, not in the extreeme limits of Asia alone; but even to whole America, through the errour of Columbus..who..in the Westerne world, thought that they had met with Ophir, and the Indian Regions of the East.1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 786 It [sc. Chololla] was the Citie of most devotion in all India..Eight leagues from Chololla is the hill Popocatepec, or smoake-hill.1772 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) I. 243 An idea of the fertility of this country..a live beast..may be purchased for four dollars; a price vastly beneath that in any other part of India.
I. Compounds. (In early use equivalent compounds were often formed with East India: see East India n. See discussion in etymology on the scope of the name in historical use. Many of the compounds below also have parallels in Indian adj.)
1.
a. attributive. Designating any of various products, esp. textiles, made in, associated with, or imported from India, as India calico, India cloth, India cotton, India muslin, India silk, India shawl, etc. See also India paper n., India rubber n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > Indian
India silk1586
gelongs1696
India1850
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > fine, light, or delicate > muslin > Indian
beteela1598
moree1625
adatis1653
doria1696
terrindam1706
India muslin1716
alliballie1718
gurrah1727
tanzib1728
nainsook1790
Madras muslin1827
percale1840
Madras1902
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for head or neck or body > [noun] > shawl > types of
zephyr1774
zendaletto1789
rebozo1807
cashmere1822
India shawl1822
Paisley shawl1823
blanket shawl1837
pashmina1837
merino1839
Paisley1849
fascinator1853
phulkari1887
turn-over1891
manton1920
lappa1954
1586 Edinb. Test. XVIII. 246 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at India Four steikis of India claytht.
1589 A. Jenkinson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations ii. 367 Vpon his head was a tolipane..wrapped about with a piece of India silke of twentie yards long.
a1636 W. Courten in G. Carew Fraud & Violence detected (1662) 131 Discharging the same [Books of Accompts] when you Ship away your India Goods, or sell Europe Commodities.
1701 London Gaz. No. 3705/4 Two Pieces of white Sprigg'd India Satin.
c1702 C. Fiennes Journeys (1947) 346 A pladd bed lined with Indian callicoe and an India carpet on the bed.
1716 A. Ramsay Battel 17 On India-Muslin-Shades the God did loll.
1785 Times 1 Apr. 1/1 (advt.) Excellent India Cotton, really good, from 2s. 6d... a Pair.
1817 T. S. Raffles Hist. Java (1830) I. 243 The import and export of..India cloths.
1822 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. 23 Sept. (1941) II. 374 The ladies..wore gorgeously embroidered India shawls.
1876 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 23 June One of them..gave to his little daughter a dress pattern of India calico.
1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 39 A yard of India muslin is alive with Hindu life.
1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets Pl. 32 (caption) India Carpets of Seventeenth Century from the Palace of the Maharaja at Jaipur.
2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 June 7 I found $39 India-silk scarf-dresses..and a cute uniform-style shirtdress in bleached khaki..for $39.
b. attributive. Of or relating to the East India Company or the government of British India, as India bonds, India director, India stock, etc. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > types of
joint stock1615
fancya1652
water stock1675
Bank stock1694
India stock1702
government stock1734
inscription1800
gas stock1820
railway stock1836
common stock1852
floater1871
blue chip1874
trunks1892
traction1896
omnium1902
mummy1903
motors1908
rollover1947
blue-chipper1953
red chip1968
large-cap1982
small cap1984
1702 E. Ward Hob turn’d Courtier 12 That India Stock, the Old and New, Wou'd rise again within a Day.
1707 Animadversions Bank of Eng. 1 The abundant Plenty of Sealed Bills, and India Bonds.
1761 London Mag. June 331/2 Some of the finest muslins and perfumes of the East, which by the India directors have been presented to his Majesty.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 31 Left me by my uncle, the India Director.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. vi. 57 Three stars in India Stock to her name, begad!
1851 J. W. Kaye Hist. War Afghanistan II. vi. iii. 284 His occupancy..of the chief seat at the India Board, rendered him familiar with the workings of the Indian Government.
1872 Times 19 Nov. 7/5 There never was a time when India Directors and their servants, when Ministers and Parliament, did not think we had too much.
1933 Times 22 June 21/6 Our holdings of 6 per Cent. India bonds had a market value at the close of the year in excess of the cost appearing in our accounts.
1980 P. O'Brian Surgeon's Mate v. 142 Obviously money was their one concern their talk being all of consols, omnium an India stock.
2000 Hist. Today (Nexis) 1 July 47 The India bonds that provided the Company with its short-term working capital were..highly prized.
2.
a. India trade n. trade with India; spec. the trade controlled by the East India Company (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [noun] > trade with specific place
India trade1615
Guinea trade1673
1615 D. Digges Def. Trade 29 Spices..which before our India Trade, were often accidentally sold dearer much, but constantly, the lowest price.
1701 Ess. Govt. Eng. Plantations 23 These Practices are prejudicial to the Plantation Trade, contrary to the Act of Parliament for setling the India Trade, and tend to the ruin of all Trade.
1835 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 46 The Souakin merchants and Hadji Shoomee bought gold with dollars for the India trade.
1955 Times 23 May 14/2 The Atlantic trade of the Anchor Line has picked up during the current year and the India trade has been well maintained.
2003 C. Newbury Patrons, Clients, & Empire i. 19 A licensed monopoly for England's India trade in eastern waters.
b. India merchant n. now historical a merchant who trades in goods from India.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in other specific articles
ironmonger1164
ointer1263
bowyer1297
jewellera1382
fletcher1457
stapler1532
India merchant1618
tobacconist1657
colourman1663
tobacconer1701
lamp-man1704
drysalter1707
snuffman1723
wet-salter1725
potman1732
material man1778
tobacco-trader1840
dogman1860
stamp-dealer1863
waste-dealer1876
pearler1881
1618 E. Heynes Jrnl. in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. v. v. 624 Hoia Nassans sonne, the principall India Merchant of the Towne, professed and promised all kindnesse.
1719 C. Rey Weavers True Case xii. 39 Let us suppose for a Moment an impossibility; that is, that India Merchants could import from the East-Indies, Houses to live in.
1859 Harper's Mag. May 845/2 The India merchant connives at the Coolie trade.
1961 Jrnl. Econ. & Soc. Hist. Orient 4 182 The trousseau of the daughter of an India merchant, married in Old Cairo in 1146.
2002 Mag. Antiques (Nexis) 1 Jan. 170 The Crowninshield family, which had been among the most active of the early India merchants.
c. India Office n. now historical (originally) the office of the Board of Control dealing with the administration of the East India Company's territories; (in later use) the office of the British Government, established in 1858, which was responsible for the administration of British India.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > with specific responsibility > English or British
admiralty1459
ordnance1485
Navy Office1660
navy board1681
patent office1696
excise-office1698
Treasury Office1706
Plantation Office1708
stamp office1710
War Office1721
India Office1787
home office1795
Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues1803
the Stamps1820
Welsh Office1852
W.O.1860
Local Government Board1871
pall-mall1880
Scottish Office1883
Ministry of Munitions1915
War House1925
Min of Ag1946
Mintech1967
DOE1972
Manpower Services Commission1973
1787 Daily Universal Register 6 Apr. 2/1 Received several accounts from the Ordnance-Office, and India-Office.
1822 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 6 1137 This alteration in the system had, however, occasioned much new business in the India office.
1880 E. W. Hamilton Diary 24 Apr. (1972) I. 2 Cabinet-making has been going on all day... Lord Hartington [is to go] to the India office.
1947 Daily Tel. 15 Aug. 4/4 The India Office, with all its proud memories, is closed down.
2002 S. Sen in A. K. Bagchi Money & Credit Indian Hist. 191 The steps had adverse effects on the credit available for local business during the war.., as was recognized by Schuster, the Finance Member of the India Office much later in the 1930s.
d. India Docks n. (chiefly with the) docks in east London, originally used by vessels trading with the East and West Indies.The East India Docks and the West India Docks closed in 1967 and 1980 respectively.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > dock > range of docks > specific
West India Docks1798
East India Docks1803
India Docks1818
1818 L. Fussell Journey round Coast of Kent iii. 16 The forest of masts which, from London Bridge to the India Docks at Blackwall, marks the course of the Thames.
1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) ix. 84 Captain Cuttle lived..near the India Docks.
1928 Times 2 Oct. xvii/6 Sugar is..stored in the specially equipped bonded warehouses at the India Docks.
2006 Evening Times (Glasgow) (Nexis) 15 Dec. 14 I was one of the first travellers on what seemed to be a futuristic transport operation when the first line opened from Tower Gateway to the India Docks.
e. India tag n. a type of tag for fastening papers together, consisting of a cord with a small metal bar at either end; a treasury tag.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > tag for securing papers
India tag1912
treasury tag1912
1912 List Articles Authorised to be Supplied by H.M.S.O. Tags, Treasury (Insertion), Tags, India (cross-bar).
1963 R. L. Collison Mod. Business Filing & Archives ii. 47 The documents are then secured to the file by what is known as a Treasury or India tag—i.e. a cord with a metal tag at each end.
1999 S. Seunarine Office Procedures for Caribbean (2001) iii. 69 Papers and file folder attached to each other with an India tag or paper fastener.
3.
a. India lake n. now rare = Indian lake n. at lake n.6 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > of natural bodies
India lake1652
carmine1712
cochenillin1819
santalin1833
carthamic acid1838
anthocyanin1853
phlobaphene1862
brazilin1863
carthamin1863
carminic acid1876
1652 Bk. Drawing 38 Reds. India Lake. Red-lead. Red-Oker.
1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 80 The Colour Crimson is most difficult to worke..therefore instead of that, use India Lake or Russet.
1839 W. B. S. Taylor tr. J.-F.-L. Mérimée Art of Painting in Oil i. 2 The artists could and did obtain the Ultramarine, India lake, and Chinese vermilion.
1986 Representations Summer 78 From ‘strange’ Indian beasts came the red ‘India Lake’, made from ‘the females, eggs, and the exudation surrounding them, of the insect Coccus lacca’.
b. India red n. = Indian red n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter
red stoneeOE
red eartheOE
redding1292
raddlea1350
ruddle1353
rubric?1440
red ochre1481
sinoper1501
red1538
red chalk1538
sinople1548
terra sigillata1563
almagre1598
majolica1598
minium1613
orell1614
reddle1648
India red1668
Indian red1672
riddle1681
smit1728
Persian earth1735
red marl1748
abraum1753
Terra Sienna1760
tivera1825
kokowai1836
sinopia1844
sinopis1857
1668 Excellency of Pen & Pencil iii. 94 First lay on your Vermilion, then Lake, then burnt Oker, India Red, Pink, Umber, Blacks, and Smalt.
1732 Art of Drawing & Painting in Water-colours (ed. 2) 42 India-Red..is helpful for a back Ground.
1884 Proc. Royal Soc. 1883–4 36 428 A second specimen from the same locality resembles the former in structure, but is of a dull india-red colour.
2007 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 25 Sept. 1 Ten years ago the church was very drab. It had lost its original colour scheme of peacock blue, warm marble and India red.
c. India ink n. now chiefly North American = Indian ink n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > pigment
blackOE
lamp-black1598
charcoal-black1622
ivory-black1634
blue-black1665
bone black1665
Indian ink1665
India ink1700
smoke-black1712
China-ink1782
Frankfort black1823
almond black1835
Spanish black1839
gas black1841
abaiser1849
peach black1852
vine-black1860
carbon black1872
drop-black1879
aspergillin1891
1700 Advt. in J. Owen Two Catechs. (new ed.) (verso title page) Royal shining Japan Ink, Holman's Ink-powder, India ink; Quills, Pens, Wax, Pencils, Files, Wafers and Boxes, &c.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxvii. 330 A drawing of the Porter's Lodge at Queen's Crawley, done..in India ink.
1930 Movie Makers Feb. 101/1 You will..need a bottle of black India ink, some broad lettering pens, a piece of artgum and a large horseshoe magnet.
2003 J. W. Baddley & W. E. Dismukes in W. E. Dismukes et al. Clin. Mycol. xii. 194/2 Clinical specimens can be examined with an India Ink preparation.
d. India cabinet n. now historical and rare = Indian cabinet n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1a(a).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] > other cupboards or cabinets
Flanders chest1400
warestall1508
livery cupboard1571
boy1656
by-closet1696
corner-cupboard1711
India cabinet1721
pot-cupboard1789
housemaid's cupboard1843
monocleid1885
vargueño1911
console1925
cocktail cabinet1928
storage unit1951
1721 T. Janssen Sir Theodore Janssen his Inventory 2/1 One India Cabinet.
1876 Times 3 July 20/2 (advt.) Capital furniture, comprising..black and gold India cabinets, china in vases and table ornaments, [etc.].
1962 E. Croft-Murray Decorative Painting in Eng. 1537–1837 I. iv. 47 The backgrounds of pagodas and other Chinese buildings would have been suggested by the newly-imported ‘India’ cabinets.
e. India wood n. = Indian wood n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1b(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
1742 Catal. Coll. Edward Earl of Oxford 15 A small Rose-wood Cabinet for Medals... Ditto of India-wood.
1858 Hunt's Merchants' Mag. Mar. 297 India-wood, produces a rose-colored precipitate.
1961 Galpin Soc. Jrnl. 14 36 Transverse flutes of India wood.
2003 BusinessWorld (Nexis) 29 Sept. 36 Other notes include mandarin, Masala tea, white chocolate and India wood.
f. India cracker n. now rare a firecracker.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > cracker or squib
squib1534
crackera1592
breaker1630
serpent1634
fizgig1647
firecracker1650
petard1668
reporter1688
riprap1709
swarmer1740
mine1769
India cracker1780
throwdown1877
whizz-bang1881
flip-flap1885
snake1891
thunderflash1943
banger1959
1780 Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 413 Those paper matches which the Chinese put into those little squibs, which go by the name of India crackers.
1876 Catholic World Aug. 608/1 Keep your sweet-toned patriotism in its bell-tower. I don't like the sort that is always firing india-crackers under everybody's nose.
1940 H. E. Wildes Delaware xxi. 262 Gunshots were fired, and rockets, squibs, and India crackers were set off..to celebrate the coming of another year.
g. India proof n. = India paper proof n. at India paper n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > other types of paper
India paper1721
whitey-brown1761
hot press1807
splash-paper1811
India proof1812
India paper proof1814
crinkled paper1820
pattern paper1849
powder paper1856
sheathing1859
chartaline1880
lining paper1880
Whatman1880
greaseproof paper1894
papyroxylin1894
shelf paper1895
corrugated paper1897
construction paper1902
Ingres paper1910
liner1921
cartolina1936
wood-free1966
1812 Brit. Rev. & London Crit. Jrnl. 3 503 Royal 8vo. 16s. 4to. 1l. 5s. India proofs, 2l. 2s.
1864 Lowndes' Bibl. Man. 2829/1 The engravings were originally published separately, India proofs, at £10 10s.
1999 Sunday Times (Nexis) 18 Apr. (Features) An original India proof of an etched picture of Dickens by ‘Phiz’, taken from a 19th-century volume of engraved portraits.
4. India pale ale n. a pale amber-coloured beer, with a higher than average alcohol and hop content, originally to help preserve the beer when exported to British colonies in the 19th cent.; abbreviated IPA; cf. East India pale ale n. at East India n. 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > beer > [noun] > other kinds of beer
spruce beerc1500
March beer1535
Lubecks beer1608
zythum1608
household beer1616
bottle1622
mumc1623
old beer1626
six1631
four1633
maize beer1663
mum beer1667
vinegar beer1677
wrest-beer1689
nog1693
October1705
October beer1707
ship-beer1707
butt beer1730
starting beer1735
butt1743
peterman1767
seamen's beer1795
chang1800
treacle beer1806
stock beer1826
Iceland beer1828
East India pale ale1835
India pale ale1837
faro1847
she-oak1848
Bass1849
bitter beer1850
bock1856
treble X1856
Burton1861
nettle beer1864
honey beer1867
pivo1873
Lambic1889
steam beer1898
barley-beer1901
gueuze1926
Kriek1936
best1938
rough1946
keg1949
IPA1953
busaa1967
mbege1972
microbrew1985
microbeer1986
yeast-beer-
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > other ales
strawberry ale1523
red ale1557
sixteens1584
bottle ale1586
hostler ale1590
Pimlico1609
eyebright1612
quest-ale1681
hugmatee1699
Newcastle brown (ale)1707
pale ale1708
twopenny ale (or beer)1710
twoops1729
flux ale1742
pale1743
Ringwood1759
brown ale1776
light ale1780
blue cap1789
brown1820
India pale ale1837
Tipper1843
ostler ale1861
fourpenny ale1871
four-ale1883
ninepenny1886
Scotch1886
barley wine1940
IPA1953
light1953
real ale1972
1837 Times 15 June 2/2 (advt.) Hodgson's India pale ale.
1872 Chambers's Encycl. I. 121/1 India pale ale differs chiefly in having a larger quantity of hops.
1995 Texas Monthly Nov. 137/3 Pale ale or India pale ale—I.P.A. to beer culturalists—is amber-hued rather than pale and is similar to a bitter but smoother.
5. India fashion adv. and n. (in) a way associated with or reminiscent of India.
ΚΠ
1837 J. C. Maitland Let. 11 Aug. (1843) x. 91 So, India-fashion, we took him in to do the best we could for him.
1937 Cook County (Illinois) Herald 1 Oct. 5/6 Miss Kroehler wore a colorful sahri, draped in India fashion.
1969 Danville (Va.) Reg. 4 Dec. c2 They [sc. handkerchiefs] can be..worn in twos around the forehead India fashion.
II. Simple uses.
6. allusively. A place or thing likened in some way to India, esp. in being a source of wealth.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > a source of wealth
India1598
Indies1602
goldmine1605
Aladdin's cave1824
Golconda1833
Comstock1866
wealth-centre1890
1598 J. Dickenson Greene in Conceipt 55 Had his power matcht ye hugenesse of his desires, not an India of wealth might haue suffizd.
1613 J. May Declar. Estate of Clothing i. 2 No kingdome whatsoeuer can speake so happily of this benefit [sc. wool]..it may be rightly called, The English India.
1656 Wit & Drollery 159 And sailing towards her India in that way, Shall at her fair Atlantique Navel stay.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iv. i. 99 The necklace, An India in itself, yet dazzling not The eye like what it circled.
1866 ‘Ouida’ Chandos I. i. i. 24 The smiles cost you an India of diamonds, and the wit is paid a cashmere each mot!
1908 C. H. Owen Justice of Mexican War 29 Does the Military Committee desire to make an India of Mexico and send some Warren Hastings there?
1991 H. Moore Rolling Stock 9 Well, not Spice exactly, but an India of parchedness for each other.
7. Any of various products made in, associated with, or imported from India or the East Indies.Often short for India paper, rubber, silk, etc.: see 1a, India paper n., India rubber n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > Indian
India silk1586
gelongs1696
India1850
1615 Aduice to plant Tobacco in Eng. sig. B 3v Howsoeuer it is better to accept of our owne [cloth] with some little fault, then to vse the India with a great deale of filthinesse.
1713 E. Budgell in Guardian 23 Mar. 2/1 Celia, whose Wrapping-Gown is not right India.
1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 120 Where Spital-fields with real India vies.
1850 Miss Leslie's Lady's House-bk (ed. 11) 383 The best English sewing silk is excellent... The India is strong, but harsh, wiry, and unpleasant to use.
1895 W. C. Fraser Whaups of Durley ii. 25 I..begged as a great favour that he would lend me his slab of chewin' india for the rest of the day.
1943 B. C. Williams Forever Young x. 164 John accepted his cup of India.
1952 H. Hanff Let. 18 Sept. in 84, Charing Cross Road (1970) 54 It's the thinnest India paper I ever saw... But heavier paper would have taken up six or seven volumes so I'm grateful for the India.
8. Used to represent the letter I in radio communication.
ΚΠ
1951 Sunday Times Signal (Zanesville, Ohio) 23 Dec. ii. 4/4 For purposes of comparison, the standard phonetic alphabet and the new one adopted by ICAO are reproduced below: I... Old..Item... New..India.
1978 Radiotelephony Procedures & Phraseol. ii. 5 (table) The following words are to be used when it is required to transmit individual letters, e.g. callsigns... H. Hotel..I. India [etc.].
1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) i. 1 Report from patrol car Tango India Delta one four zero four for Sergeant McEvoy Donegall Pass Station Belfast timed at twenty two thirty November twenty one.
2007 Daily Press (Victorville, Calif.) (Nexis) 22 June Where else can a person identify himself as ‘Kilo India Six Foxtrot Juliet India?’
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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