单词 | india |
释义 | Indian. I. Compounds. (In early use equivalent compounds were often formed with East India: see East India n. See discussion in etymology on the scope of the name in historical use. Many of the compounds below also have parallels in Indian adj.) 1. a. attributive. Designating any of various products, esp. textiles, made in, associated with, or imported from India, as India calico, India cloth, India cotton, India muslin, India silk, India shawl, etc. See also India paper n., India rubber n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > Indian India silk1586 gelongs1696 India1850 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > fine, light, or delicate > muslin > Indian beteela1598 moree1625 adatis1653 doria1696 terrindam1706 India muslin1716 alliballie1718 gurrah1727 tanzib1728 nainsook1790 Madras muslin1827 percale1840 Madras1902 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for head or neck or body > [noun] > shawl > types of zephyr1774 zendaletto1789 rebozo1807 cashmere1822 India shawl1822 Paisley shawl1823 blanket shawl1837 pashmina1837 merino1839 Paisley1849 fascinator1853 phulkari1887 turn-over1891 manton1920 lappa1954 1586 Edinb. Test. XVIII. 246 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at India Four steikis of India claytht. 1589 A. Jenkinson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations ii. 367 Vpon his head was a tolipane..wrapped about with a piece of India silke of twentie yards long. a1636 W. Courten in G. Carew Fraud & Violence detected (1662) 131 Discharging the same [Books of Accompts] when you Ship away your India Goods, or sell Europe Commodities. 1701 London Gaz. No. 3705/4 Two Pieces of white Sprigg'd India Satin. c1702 C. Fiennes Journeys (1947) 346 A pladd bed lined with Indian callicoe and an India carpet on the bed. 1716 A. Ramsay Battel 17 On India-Muslin-Shades the God did loll. 1785 Times 1 Apr. 1/1 (advt.) Excellent India Cotton, really good, from 2s. 6d... a Pair. 1817 T. S. Raffles Hist. Java (1830) I. 243 The import and export of..India cloths. 1822 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. 23 Sept. (1941) II. 374 The ladies..wore gorgeously embroidered India shawls. 1876 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 23 June One of them..gave to his little daughter a dress pattern of India calico. 1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 39 A yard of India muslin is alive with Hindu life. 1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets Pl. 32 (caption) India Carpets of Seventeenth Century from the Palace of the Maharaja at Jaipur. 2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 June 7 I found $39 India-silk scarf-dresses..and a cute uniform-style shirtdress in bleached khaki..for $39. b. attributive. Of or relating to the East India Company or the government of British India, as India bonds, India director, India stock, etc. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > types of joint stock1615 fancya1652 water stock1675 Bank stock1694 India stock1702 government stock1734 inscription1800 gas stock1820 railway stock1836 common stock1852 floater1871 blue chip1874 trunks1892 traction1896 omnium1902 mummy1903 motors1908 rollover1947 blue-chipper1953 red chip1968 large-cap1982 small cap1984 1702 E. Ward Hob turn’d Courtier 12 That India Stock, the Old and New, Wou'd rise again within a Day. 1707 Animadversions Bank of Eng. 1 The abundant Plenty of Sealed Bills, and India Bonds. 1761 London Mag. June 331/2 Some of the finest muslins and perfumes of the East, which by the India directors have been presented to his Majesty. 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 31 Left me by my uncle, the India Director. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. vi. 57 Three stars in India Stock to her name, begad! 1851 J. W. Kaye Hist. War Afghanistan II. vi. iii. 284 His occupancy..of the chief seat at the India Board, rendered him familiar with the workings of the Indian Government. 1872 Times 19 Nov. 7/5 There never was a time when India Directors and their servants, when Ministers and Parliament, did not think we had too much. 1933 Times 22 June 21/6 Our holdings of 6 per Cent. India bonds had a market value at the close of the year in excess of the cost appearing in our accounts. 1980 P. O'Brian Surgeon's Mate v. 142 Obviously money was their one concern their talk being all of consols, omnium an India stock. 2000 Hist. Today (Nexis) 1 July 47 The India bonds that provided the Company with its short-term working capital were..highly prized. 2. a. India trade n. trade with India; spec. the trade controlled by the East India Company (now historical). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > specific types of trade > [noun] > trade with specific place India trade1615 Guinea trade1673 1615 D. Digges Def. Trade 29 Spices..which before our India Trade, were often accidentally sold dearer much, but constantly, the lowest price. 1701 Ess. Govt. Eng. Plantations 23 These Practices are prejudicial to the Plantation Trade, contrary to the Act of Parliament for setling the India Trade, and tend to the ruin of all Trade. 1835 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 46 The Souakin merchants and Hadji Shoomee bought gold with dollars for the India trade. 1955 Times 23 May 14/2 The Atlantic trade of the Anchor Line has picked up during the current year and the India trade has been well maintained. 2003 C. Newbury Patrons, Clients, & Empire i. 19 A licensed monopoly for England's India trade in eastern waters. b. India merchant n. now historical a merchant who trades in goods from India. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in other specific articles ironmonger1164 ointer1263 bowyer1297 jewellera1382 fletcher1457 stapler1532 India merchant1618 tobacconist1657 colourman1663 tobacconer1701 lamp-man1704 drysalter1707 snuffman1723 wet-salter1725 potman1732 material man1778 tobacco-trader1840 dogman1860 stamp-dealer1863 waste-dealer1876 pearler1881 1618 E. Heynes Jrnl. in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. v. v. 624 Hoia Nassans sonne, the principall India Merchant of the Towne, professed and promised all kindnesse. 1719 C. Rey Weavers True Case xii. 39 Let us suppose for a Moment an impossibility; that is, that India Merchants could import from the East-Indies, Houses to live in. 1859 Harper's Mag. May 845/2 The India merchant connives at the Coolie trade. 1961 Jrnl. Econ. & Soc. Hist. Orient 4 182 The trousseau of the daughter of an India merchant, married in Old Cairo in 1146. 2002 Mag. Antiques (Nexis) 1 Jan. 170 The Crowninshield family, which had been among the most active of the early India merchants. c. India Office n. now historical (originally) the office of the Board of Control dealing with the administration of the East India Company's territories; (in later use) the office of the British Government, established in 1858, which was responsible for the administration of British India. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government department or agency > [noun] > with specific responsibility > English or British admiralty1459 ordnance1485 Navy Office1660 navy board1681 patent office1696 excise-office1698 Treasury Office1706 Plantation Office1708 stamp office1710 War Office1721 India Office1787 home office1795 Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues1803 the Stamps1820 Welsh Office1852 W.O.1860 Local Government Board1871 pall-mall1880 Scottish Office1883 Ministry of Munitions1915 War House1925 Min of Ag1946 Mintech1967 DOE1972 Manpower Services Commission1973 1787 Daily Universal Register 6 Apr. 2/1 Received several accounts from the Ordnance-Office, and India-Office. 1822 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 6 1137 This alteration in the system had, however, occasioned much new business in the India office. 1880 E. W. Hamilton Diary 24 Apr. (1972) I. 2 Cabinet-making has been going on all day... Lord Hartington [is to go] to the India office. 1947 Daily Tel. 15 Aug. 4/4 The India Office, with all its proud memories, is closed down. 2002 S. Sen in A. K. Bagchi Money & Credit Indian Hist. 191 The steps had adverse effects on the credit available for local business during the war.., as was recognized by Schuster, the Finance Member of the India Office much later in the 1930s. d. India Docks n. (chiefly with the) docks in east London, originally used by vessels trading with the East and West Indies.The East India Docks and the West India Docks closed in 1967 and 1980 respectively. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > dock > range of docks > specific West India Docks1798 East India Docks1803 India Docks1818 1818 L. Fussell Journey round Coast of Kent iii. 16 The forest of masts which, from London Bridge to the India Docks at Blackwall, marks the course of the Thames. 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) ix. 84 Captain Cuttle lived..near the India Docks. 1928 Times 2 Oct. xvii/6 Sugar is..stored in the specially equipped bonded warehouses at the India Docks. 2006 Evening Times (Glasgow) (Nexis) 15 Dec. 14 I was one of the first travellers on what seemed to be a futuristic transport operation when the first line opened from Tower Gateway to the India Docks. e. India tag n. a type of tag for fastening papers together, consisting of a cord with a small metal bar at either end; a treasury tag. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > tag for securing papers India tag1912 treasury tag1912 1912 List Articles Authorised to be Supplied by H.M.S.O. Tags, Treasury (Insertion), Tags, India (cross-bar). 1963 R. L. Collison Mod. Business Filing & Archives ii. 47 The documents are then secured to the file by what is known as a Treasury or India tag—i.e. a cord with a metal tag at each end. 1999 S. Seunarine Office Procedures for Caribbean (2001) iii. 69 Papers and file folder attached to each other with an India tag or paper fastener. 3. a. India lake n. now rare = Indian lake n. at lake n.6 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > of natural bodies India lake1652 carmine1712 cochenillin1819 santalin1833 carthamic acid1838 anthocyanin1853 phlobaphene1862 brazilin1863 carthamin1863 carminic acid1876 1652 Bk. Drawing 38 Reds. India Lake. Red-lead. Red-Oker. 1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 80 The Colour Crimson is most difficult to worke..therefore instead of that, use India Lake or Russet. 1839 W. B. S. Taylor tr. J.-F.-L. Mérimée Art of Painting in Oil i. 2 The artists could and did obtain the Ultramarine, India lake, and Chinese vermilion. 1986 Representations Summer 78 From ‘strange’ Indian beasts came the red ‘India Lake’, made from ‘the females, eggs, and the exudation surrounding them, of the insect Coccus lacca’. b. India red n. = Indian red n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1a(a). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter red stoneeOE red eartheOE redding1292 raddlea1350 ruddle1353 rubric?1440 red ochre1481 sinoper1501 red1538 red chalk1538 sinople1548 terra sigillata1563 almagre1598 majolica1598 minium1613 orell1614 reddle1648 India red1668 Indian red1672 riddle1681 smit1728 Persian earth1735 red marl1748 abraum1753 Terra Sienna1760 tivera1825 kokowai1836 sinopia1844 sinopis1857 1668 Excellency of Pen & Pencil iii. 94 First lay on your Vermilion, then Lake, then burnt Oker, India Red, Pink, Umber, Blacks, and Smalt. 1732 Art of Drawing & Painting in Water-colours (ed. 2) 42 India-Red..is helpful for a back Ground. 1884 Proc. Royal Soc. 1883–4 36 428 A second specimen from the same locality resembles the former in structure, but is of a dull india-red colour. 2007 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 25 Sept. 1 Ten years ago the church was very drab. It had lost its original colour scheme of peacock blue, warm marble and India red. c. India ink n. now chiefly North American = Indian ink n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > pigment blackOE lamp-black1598 charcoal-black1622 ivory-black1634 blue-black1665 bone black1665 Indian ink1665 India ink1700 smoke-black1712 China-ink1782 Frankfort black1823 almond black1835 Spanish black1839 gas black1841 abaiser1849 peach black1852 vine-black1860 carbon black1872 drop-black1879 aspergillin1891 1700 Advt. in J. Owen Two Catechs. (new ed.) (verso title page) Royal shining Japan Ink, Holman's Ink-powder, India ink; Quills, Pens, Wax, Pencils, Files, Wafers and Boxes, &c. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxvii. 330 A drawing of the Porter's Lodge at Queen's Crawley, done..in India ink. 1930 Movie Makers Feb. 101/1 You will..need a bottle of black India ink, some broad lettering pens, a piece of artgum and a large horseshoe magnet. 2003 J. W. Baddley & W. E. Dismukes in W. E. Dismukes et al. Clin. Mycol. xii. 194/2 Clinical specimens can be examined with an India Ink preparation. d. India cabinet n. now historical and rare = Indian cabinet n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1a(a). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] > other cupboards or cabinets Flanders chest1400 warestall1508 livery cupboard1571 boy1656 by-closet1696 corner-cupboard1711 India cabinet1721 pot-cupboard1789 housemaid's cupboard1843 monocleid1885 vargueño1911 console1925 cocktail cabinet1928 storage unit1951 1721 T. Janssen Sir Theodore Janssen his Inventory 2/1 One India Cabinet. 1876 Times 3 July 20/2 (advt.) Capital furniture, comprising..black and gold India cabinets, china in vases and table ornaments, [etc.]. 1962 E. Croft-Murray Decorative Painting in Eng. 1537–1837 I. iv. 47 The backgrounds of pagodas and other Chinese buildings would have been suggested by the newly-imported ‘India’ cabinets. e. India wood n. = Indian wood n. at Indian adj. and n. Compounds 1b(b). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes pallOE sanders1329 raddlea1350 nutgallc1450 bark1565 logwood1581 sanders-wood1615 catechu1682 cate1698 cachou1708 valonia1722 India wood1742 cutch1759 alizari1769 standard1808 iron buff1836 colorine1838 acid dye1840 garancin1843 French tub1846 suranji1848 morindin1849 water blue1851 union dye1852 indigo-carmine1855 hernant1858 pigment colour1862 rosaniline1862 rose aniline1862 bezetta1863 bottom1863 acid colour1873 paraphenylenediamine1873 indigo-extract1874 tin-pulp1874 phthalein1875 sightening1875 chrome1876 rose bengal1878 azo-colours1879 azine1887 basic dye1892 chromotrope1893 garance1896 ice colour1896 xylochrome1898 cross-dye1901 indanthrene1901 Lithol1903 vat dye1903 thioindigo1906 para red1907 vat colour1912 vat dyestuff1914 indanthrone1920 ionamine1922 Soledon1924 Solochrome1924 Solacet1938 indigoid1939 thioindigoid1943 fluorol1956 Procion1956 1742 Catal. Coll. Edward Earl of Oxford 15 A small Rose-wood Cabinet for Medals... Ditto of India-wood. 1858 Hunt's Merchants' Mag. Mar. 297 India-wood, produces a rose-colored precipitate. 1961 Galpin Soc. Jrnl. 14 36 Transverse flutes of India wood. 2003 BusinessWorld (Nexis) 29 Sept. 36 Other notes include mandarin, Masala tea, white chocolate and India wood. f. India cracker n. now rare a firecracker. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > cracker or squib squib1534 crackera1592 breaker1630 serpent1634 fizgig1647 firecracker1650 petard1668 reporter1688 riprap1709 swarmer1740 mine1769 India cracker1780 throwdown1877 whizz-bang1881 flip-flap1885 snake1891 thunderflash1943 banger1959 1780 Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 413 Those paper matches which the Chinese put into those little squibs, which go by the name of India crackers. 1876 Catholic World Aug. 608/1 Keep your sweet-toned patriotism in its bell-tower. I don't like the sort that is always firing india-crackers under everybody's nose. 1940 H. E. Wildes Delaware xxi. 262 Gunshots were fired, and rockets, squibs, and India crackers were set off..to celebrate the coming of another year. g. India proof n. = India paper proof n. at India paper n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > other types of paper India paper1721 whitey-brown1761 hot press1807 splash-paper1811 India proof1812 India paper proof1814 crinkled paper1820 pattern paper1849 powder paper1856 sheathing1859 chartaline1880 lining paper1880 Whatman1880 greaseproof paper1894 papyroxylin1894 shelf paper1895 corrugated paper1897 construction paper1902 Ingres paper1910 liner1921 cartolina1936 wood-free1966 1812 Brit. Rev. & London Crit. Jrnl. 3 503 Royal 8vo. 16s. 4to. 1l. 5s. India proofs, 2l. 2s. 1864 Lowndes' Bibl. Man. 2829/1 The engravings were originally published separately, India proofs, at £10 10s. 1999 Sunday Times (Nexis) 18 Apr. (Features) An original India proof of an etched picture of Dickens by ‘Phiz’, taken from a 19th-century volume of engraved portraits. 4. India pale ale n. a pale amber-coloured beer, with a higher than average alcohol and hop content, originally to help preserve the beer when exported to British colonies in the 19th cent.; abbreviated IPA; cf. East India pale ale n. at East India n. 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > beer > [noun] > other kinds of beer spruce beerc1500 March beer1535 Lubecks beer1608 zythum1608 household beer1616 bottle1622 mumc1623 old beer1626 six1631 four1633 maize beer1663 mum beer1667 vinegar beer1677 wrest-beer1689 nog1693 October1705 October beer1707 ship-beer1707 butt beer1730 starting beer1735 butt1743 peterman1767 seamen's beer1795 chang1800 treacle beer1806 stock beer1826 Iceland beer1828 East India pale ale1835 India pale ale1837 faro1847 she-oak1848 Bass1849 bitter beer1850 bock1856 treble X1856 Burton1861 nettle beer1864 honey beer1867 pivo1873 Lambic1889 steam beer1898 barley-beer1901 gueuze1926 Kriek1936 best1938 rough1946 keg1949 IPA1953 busaa1967 mbege1972 microbrew1985 microbeer1986 yeast-beer- the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > other ales strawberry ale1523 red ale1557 sixteens1584 bottle ale1586 hostler ale1590 Pimlico1609 eyebright1612 quest-ale1681 hugmatee1699 Newcastle brown (ale)1707 pale ale1708 twopenny ale (or beer)1710 twoops1729 flux ale1742 pale1743 Ringwood1759 brown ale1776 light ale1780 blue cap1789 brown1820 India pale ale1837 Tipper1843 ostler ale1861 fourpenny ale1871 four-ale1883 ninepenny1886 Scotch1886 barley wine1940 IPA1953 light1953 real ale1972 1837 Times 15 June 2/2 (advt.) Hodgson's India pale ale. 1872 Chambers's Encycl. I. 121/1 India pale ale differs chiefly in having a larger quantity of hops. 1995 Texas Monthly Nov. 137/3 Pale ale or India pale ale—I.P.A. to beer culturalists—is amber-hued rather than pale and is similar to a bitter but smoother. 5. India fashion adv. and n. (in) a way associated with or reminiscent of India. ΚΠ 1837 J. C. Maitland Let. 11 Aug. (1843) x. 91 So, India-fashion, we took him in to do the best we could for him. 1937 Cook County (Illinois) Herald 1 Oct. 5/6 Miss Kroehler wore a colorful sahri, draped in India fashion. 1969 Danville (Va.) Reg. 4 Dec. c2 They [sc. handkerchiefs] can be..worn in twos around the forehead India fashion. II. Simple uses. 6. allusively. A place or thing likened in some way to India, esp. in being a source of wealth. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > a source of wealth India1598 Indies1602 goldmine1605 Aladdin's cave1824 Golconda1833 Comstock1866 wealth-centre1890 1598 J. Dickenson Greene in Conceipt 55 Had his power matcht ye hugenesse of his desires, not an India of wealth might haue suffizd. 1613 J. May Declar. Estate of Clothing i. 2 No kingdome whatsoeuer can speake so happily of this benefit [sc. wool]..it may be rightly called, The English India. 1656 Wit & Drollery 159 And sailing towards her India in that way, Shall at her fair Atlantique Navel stay. 1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iv. i. 99 The necklace, An India in itself, yet dazzling not The eye like what it circled. 1866 ‘Ouida’ Chandos I. i. i. 24 The smiles cost you an India of diamonds, and the wit is paid a cashmere each mot! 1908 C. H. Owen Justice of Mexican War 29 Does the Military Committee desire to make an India of Mexico and send some Warren Hastings there? 1991 H. Moore Rolling Stock 9 Well, not Spice exactly, but an India of parchedness for each other. 7. Any of various products made in, associated with, or imported from India or the East Indies.Often short for India paper, rubber, silk, etc.: see 1a, India paper n., India rubber n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > Indian India silk1586 gelongs1696 India1850 1615 Aduice to plant Tobacco in Eng. sig. B 3v Howsoeuer it is better to accept of our owne [cloth] with some little fault, then to vse the India with a great deale of filthinesse. 1713 E. Budgell in Guardian 23 Mar. 2/1 Celia, whose Wrapping-Gown is not right India. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 120 Where Spital-fields with real India vies. 1850 Miss Leslie's Lady's House-bk (ed. 11) 383 The best English sewing silk is excellent... The India is strong, but harsh, wiry, and unpleasant to use. 1895 W. C. Fraser Whaups of Durley ii. 25 I..begged as a great favour that he would lend me his slab of chewin' india for the rest of the day. 1943 B. C. Williams Forever Young x. 164 John accepted his cup of India. 1952 H. Hanff Let. 18 Sept. in 84, Charing Cross Road (1970) 54 It's the thinnest India paper I ever saw... But heavier paper would have taken up six or seven volumes so I'm grateful for the India. 8. Used to represent the letter I in radio communication. ΚΠ 1951 Sunday Times Signal (Zanesville, Ohio) 23 Dec. ii. 4/4 For purposes of comparison, the standard phonetic alphabet and the new one adopted by ICAO are reproduced below: I... Old..Item... New..India. 1978 Radiotelephony Procedures & Phraseol. ii. 5 (table) The following words are to be used when it is required to transmit individual letters, e.g. callsigns... H. Hotel..I. India [etc.]. 1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) i. 1 Report from patrol car Tango India Delta one four zero four for Sergeant McEvoy Donegall Pass Station Belfast timed at twenty two thirty November twenty one. 2007 Daily Press (Victorville, Calif.) (Nexis) 22 June Where else can a person identify himself as ‘Kilo India Six Foxtrot Juliet India?’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1586 |
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