单词 | inner |
释义 | innern.1 One who ‘ins’, takes in, or reclaims land. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun] > reclaimer or improver inner1596 improver1610 reclaimer1861 1596 W. Lambard Perambulation Kent (1826) 397 In the yeere 1587 there was an Inning of one thousand acres more, whereof the Inners..enioyed the one halfe and an eight part of the other halfe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). inneradj.n.2 A. adj. 1. Situated more within; more or further inward; interior. Often with a positive force, antithetical, not to in, but to outer: Situated within or inside; inward; internal. a. literal, of spatial position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adjective] > in or relating to the inner part(s) > more within innerc1000 innermore1413 inmore1610 c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 149/1 Liber, seo inre hrind. c1000 Leg. St. Swiðun, etc. (1861) 110 (Bosw.) Se leo gewat on ðæt inre westen. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 148 He declineþ into þe ynnere [v.r. Innere] partie till þat he peerse þoruȝ þe mydrif. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 79 Behald, myn inhir partis has vpbolyd. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 749 Þai entrid full evyn into an Inner chamber. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. In a triangle al the angles bee called inner angles. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. H2 Those were the keyes of euery inner dore. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 507 Cinamom is the inner barke of a tree. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 128 Inner-doors in large Buildings ought to be 3 Foot broad and upwards. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xxiii. 403 Her Inner-petticoats, Flannel and Swanskin, from Salisbury and Wales. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xiv. 302 He..maintains..the opinion, that ice has always an inner temperature lower than zero. 1884 B. Bosanquet et al. tr. H. Lotze Metaphysic 345 Of the inner movements of things we know nothing. b. figurative. Of other limits figured as spatial: More intimate; more central; more hidden or secret. ΚΠ 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 230 The ynner loue of the peple was torned in to hate. 1816 P. B. Shelley Dæmon of World in Alastor 88 From nature's inner shrine, Where gods and fiends in worship bend. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xli. 64 Delights..That stir the spirit's inner deeps. View more context for this quotation 1875 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. ?2 Feb. (1956) VI. 121 Because we seclude ourselves from acquaintance that makes us only the more glad to have friends, and you are one of the inner circle. 1926 H. Crane Let. 20 June (1965) 262 An ‘inner circle’ of literary initiates. a1930 D. H. Lawrence Etruscan Places (1932) iii. 78 Here in the tombs everything is in its sacred or inner-significant aspect. 1973 Times 28 May 9/1 It smacks too much of the confidential procedures of an inner circle for many churchmen to feel at ease with it. c. transferred. Indistinct or muffled, as if coming from far within.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1830 Ld. Tennyson Dying Swan in Poems 101 With an inner voice the river ran. Categories » d. Music. Applied to parts or voices intermediate between the highest and lowest of the harmony (also called middle). e. Printing. In sheet work, designating the forme containing the type pages from which the inner side of the sheet is printed and including the type page for the second page of the printed sheet. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > composed type > [adjective] > inner or outer forme inner1755 1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. 229 (caption) The Inner Form of a Sheet in Quarto. 1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. vii. 171 Inner Form of the Outer Sheet... Inner Form of the Inner Sheet. 1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing 422 Inner form, the form that has the second page in it; it is always worked before the outer form, except there be some particular reason to the contrary. 1841 T. C. Hansard Print. & Type-founding 89 This united mass is called a form; that one which contains the first page being called the outer form, the other the inner. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Inner-form, the form beginning with the second page of a sheet usually worked off first. 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 65 Inner forme, the pages of type which fall on the inside of a printed sheet in ‘sheet’ work—the reverse of ‘outer’ forme. 1892 A. Oldfield Pract. Man. Typogr. vii. 56 Sheet work is arranged in two forms, the outer and inner. 1892 A. Powell Southward's Pract. Printing (ed. 4) xx. 159 The forme containing the first page is always called by printers the outside or outer forme, and that containing the second page the inside or inner forme. 1946 A. Monkman in H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding v. 61/2 So far as the four-page [imposition] schemes are concerned, therefore, it is only necessary to remember that if the job is to be worked as sheet work, pages 1 and 4 will be the outer forme and pages 2 and 3 the inner forme. 1965 Library XX. 14 In Table I..the data on choice of forme are abstracted from the list of books, showing for each the number of inner and outer formes printed first... Here is a grand total of 5,338 sheets [printed 1600–1800], of which 3,902, or 73 per cent were printed inner forme first. f. inner light n. in Quaker use (see light n.1 8a(b)). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > [noun] healnessc897 heal901 alesenesseOE lesenessOE alesendnessOE healthc1000 alesednessOE berrhlessc1175 i-sundungc1175 salvation?c1225 buyinga1300 savementc1330 yborȝing1340 election1382 savinga1387 safetyc1390 soul healtha1393 redemptiona1400 safenessa1400 curation?c1400 predestinationc1400 gain-buying1435 dilection1570 expeccationa1631 unsinninga1631 soul-savingness1672 inner light1856 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics II. xi. i. 259 Fox's inner light does not profess to supersede..the internal light of Revelation. 1909 G. K. Chesterton Orthodoxy v. 135 The Quaker doctrine of the Inner Light. 1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 692/1 Inner light, the principle of Christian certitude, consisting of inward knowledge or experience of salvation, which is upheld by the Society of Friends. g. Phonetics. Denoting a sound articulated in a part of the mouth nearer the throat than that designated by the unqualified term. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > lingual > by position of tongue fronted1615 back1867 front1867 inner1867 outer1867 1867 A. M. Bell Visible Speech: Sci. Universal Alphabetics 62 If the breath within the mouth be compressed behind the articulating organs while an inner closure is held, a distinct, and in some cases, a powerfully percussive effect will be produced on the abrupt separation of the organs. 1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 5 Most of these [point and blade consonants] admit also of ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ varieties. h. Inner Circle n. name of one of the lines of the London (underground) railway system. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [noun] > private matter or business > recipients of magic circle1654 Inner Circle1869 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > a railway > forming part of a system > specific underground line Inner Circle1869 circle1886 1869 Bradshaw's Railway Man. 21 217 Metropolitan District. Incorporated..(29th July, 1864), to construct a series of lines to complete an inner circle of railway north of the Thames. 1882 Times 24 July 10/4 The Inner Circle would connect..with the railways south of the Thames. 1884 Times 22 Feb. 11/3 As to the Inner Circle line, by the 1st of June, or certainly by the beginning of the second half of the current year, that great work would be finished. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 944/1 This company combines with the Metropolitan District to form the Inner Circle line, which has stations close to all the great railway termini north of the Thames. 1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock iv. iii. 177 He could feel his blood pumped from the heart and moving indifferently back along the arteries like trains on the inner circle. 1966 J. Chamier Cannonball i. 11 Planes whizzing around a damn sight quicker than the Inner Circle. i. inner tube n. in a pneumatic tyre, a separate tube, inside the cover, which is inflated with air. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rubber or pneumatic tyre > in a tyre tube1894 inner tube1895 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 556/3 Pneumatic Tires..Inner Tubes complete with valve stem and valve. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 535/1 In most tyres for cycles and motor-cars, an inner tube of indiarubber is made separate from the outer cover. 1902 W. W. Beaumont in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) x. 223 Half the number of spare covers and inner tubes are required as compared with the requirements when the wheels are of different sizes. 1904 A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist (ed. 2) ix. 250 The piercing of the outer cover and inner tube by a nail or other puncturing agent. 1912 Motor Man. (ed. 14) iii. 106 The inner tube has become nipped between one of the security bolts and the cover. 1923 Michelin Guide Great Brit. (ed. 7) 883 Covers, inner tubes or pneumatic tyres. 1967 N. Freeling Strike Out 42 He had done two hundred kilometres a day, on rough country roads with spare inner tubes slung round the neck. j. inner Cabinet (or cabinet): an informal term for a group of decision-making people within a ministerial Cabinet or similar group. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > council of state > [noun] > cabinet > types of kitchen cabinet1832 camarilla1839 subcabinet1880 inner Cabinet (or cabinet)1900 1900 Westm. Gaz. 13 Nov. 2/2 No one imagines that this Committee of twenty really decides critical matters of high policy. Those are deputed to the ‘inner Cabinet’. 1936 H. Nicolson Diary 24 Feb. (1966) 245 J. H. Thomas..says that our group is not consulted; that there is an inner Cabinet which discuss things between themselves. 1970 Times 3 Mar. 2 The meeting was also told that Hebdomadal council, the university's ‘inner cabinet’, had appointed a committee to listen to the views of the students' elected representatives. 1972 Guardian 11 Jan. 20/1 The TUC ‘inner cabinet’—the finance and general purposes committee. k. inner product n. [translating German inneres Produkt (H. Grassmann Die lineale Ausdehnungslehre (1844) p. xi): so named because an inner product of two vectors is zero unless one has a component ‘within’ the other, i.e. in its direction] Mathematics the sum of the products of corresponding components of two real vectors (a1, a2,…, an) and (b1, b2,…, bn), i.e. the number a1b1 + a2b2 +…+ anbn; in a complex vector space, the number a11 + A22 +…+ ann, where i is the complex conjugate number of bi; (see also quot. 19661). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > [noun] > vector > scalar product divergence1878 scalar product1878 div1883 inner product1920 1920 T. Muir Theory of Determinants III. i. 7 The theorem on the inner product of two magnitudes each of the mth ‘Stufe’ and consisting of m simple factors. 1922 E. H. Neville Prolegomena Analyt. Geom. iv. i. 192 Let an ordered set of three numbers be called a triplet, and let the number fp + gq + hr be called the inner product of the triplets (f, g, h), (p, q, r). 1941 G. Birkhoff & S. MacLane Surv. Mod. Algebra vii. 181 Physicists often speak of our inner product as a ‘scalar product’ of two vectors. 1966 A. L. Rabenstein Introd. Ordinary Differential Equations vi. 156 The inner product of f(x) and g(x) with respect to the weight function w(x) on the interval (a, b) is defined to be (f, g) = baw(x)f(x)g(x)dx. 1966 A. L. Rabenstein Introd. Ordinary Differential Equations vi. 157 If the inner product of f(x) and g(x) is zero,..then f(x) and g(x) are said to be orthogonal with respect to the weight function w(x) on the interval a < x < b. 1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces ix. 139 In order to avoid confusion between multiplication of a vector by a scalar and the scalar product of two vectors, the scalar product of two vectors is often called their inner product. 1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces ix. 140 A vector space on which an inner product is defined is called an inner product space. l. inner quantum number (Physics) [translating German innere Quantenzahl (A. Sommerfeld 1920, in Ann. d. Physik LXIII. 231)] : a quantum number now identified with that of the total angular momentum of an electron, j (J n. 6c). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > [noun] > number of total angular momentum inner quantum number1923 1923 H. L. Brose tr. A. J. W. Sommerfeld Atomic Struct. & Spectral Lines vi. 364 If we wish to exclude the forbidden lines by a principle of selection, we must..introduce a new quantum number; we call it the inner quantum number and designate it by ni. 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 84 Each term..in general will be a multiple term consisting of several members with different values of the ‘inner quantum number’ j. 1967 W. R. Hindmarsh Atomic Spectra ii. 18 The regularities of the multiplet structure of spectra were considered in some detail by Sommerfeld... He introduced an ‘inner’ quantum number to distinguish the various states of a multiplet, and suggested that it may be connected with a property of the electrons in inner shells (the core electrons). The true explanation of the doublet structure of the terms of alkali metal atoms is provided by the concept of electron spin. m. inner reserve n. Finance a secret reserve not disclosed in a balance-sheet and due to an understatement of certain capital assets. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > entry in > secret reserve undisclosed in account internal reserve1856 inner reserve1930 1930 Daily Express 16 Aug. 10/1 Former Inner Reserves are now brought from the Assets in which they were hidden and are grouped in an exposed Reserve on the Liability side of the Sheet. 1955 Times 10 May 18/5 Your directors have now decided to transfer a part of these inner reserves in order to increase the contingencies reserve. n. inner-directed adj. (Sociol.): a term coined by D. Riesman to designate persons whose behaviour and goals are directed by the standards and ideals which they formed early in life; also postulated as a cultural stage in a society. (See quot. 19501.) Cf. other-directed adj. and tradition-directed adj. Hence inner direction. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > [adjective] > relating to basic experiences prototaxic1945 inner-directed1950 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective] > specific types or forms of lowa1387 primitive1838 pre-revolution1860 metronymic1868 pre-feudal1870 prelogical1880 polyzoic1886 pre-agricultural1898 pre-civil1902 pre-feudalic1907 subcultural1909 protocultural1920 pre-independencea1922 apparented1934 sensate1937 patrimonial1946 non-literate1948 inner-directed1950 underground1953 pop-cultural1963 technopolitan1965 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > psychology of races or peoples > [adjective] > of early cultural stage inner-directed1950 1950 D. Riesman et al. Lonely Crowd i. 9 The society of transitional population growth develops in its typical members a social character whose conformity is insured by their tendency to acquire early in life an internalized set of goals. These I shall term inner-directed people and the society in which they live a society dependent on inner-direction. 1950 D. Riesman et al. Lonely Crowd i. 16 The inner-directed person becomes capable of maintaining a delicate balance between the demands upon him of his life goal and the buffetings of his external environment. 1959 Spectator 4 Sept. 307/2 A criticism renewed by sociology—he [sc. C. Wilson in The Age of Defeat] seems to imply—can help to renew literature by restoring ‘the hero’, and ‘the hero’ will re~accredit in real life the image of the ‘inner-directed’ man. 1959 Listener 3 Sept. 363/2 Mr. Wilson discerns a similar awareness of the difference between ‘inner-direction’ and ‘other-direction’ in the existentialist writings of Camus and Sartre. 1961 M. Singer in B. Kaplan Studying Personality 51 The influence of parents and teachers, so vital in the formation of ‘inner-direction’, is being superseded by the influence of ‘peer-groups’ and the mass media. 1964 J. M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. xv. 186 The life of managers is also changing: as in America the inner-directed individualist is being replaced by the other-directed organization man, who fits in easily with the ideas of others, and subordinates his interests to those of the concern. 1968 P. McKellar Exper. & Behaviour xi. 288 The capacity to ‘go it alone’ is characteristic of the inner-directed personality. 1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 224 Low authoritarian subjects are more inner-directed. o. inner space [after outer space] : (a) the regions between the surface of the earth and outer space; (b) the regions below the surface of the sea; (c) [compare sense A. 2] the part of one's mind or personality that is not normally experienced or within one's consciousness. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > [noun] > of earth atmosphere1677 aerosphere1799 inner space1958 the mind > mental capacity > consciousness > unconscious mind > [noun] unconscious1818 consentience1877 subconscious1878 inner space1958 the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > regions under surface of sea inner space1958 hydrospace1964 (a) (b)1958 Times 7 Oct. 10/3 The Seawolf's [sc. a submarine's] captain..had radioed in advance that he considered ‘this voyage has proved the feasibility of protracted flights in “inner” space’.1969 Sci. Jrnl. Apr. 64/2 There is a remarkable similarity between many of the problems faced by the astronaut in ‘outer space’ and those of the aquanaut in ‘inner space’.(c)1958 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 13 Sept. 28/2 Must this inner space continue to be peopled with imaginative dragons of strange color and dropping off places that confine the moral venture to the shallow water of one's own main~land or adjacent islands of narrow self-interest?1961 ‘J. Dunlap’ (title) Exploring inner space: personal experiences under LSD-25.1968 A. Diment Bang Bang Birds viii. 143 The Indian and Chinese prophets..knew a thing or two about inner space and the turned-on mind. They did it on contemplation though and not mushroom juice.1969 Daily Tel. 20 Feb. 16/7 It is they..who are the investigators of what J. G. Ballard terms ‘inner space’—the remoter recesses of man's mind under strange stresses.1958 Times 29 Mar. 7/4 We seem to need..names for the parts where the atmosphere is still a drag, where the Earth's gravitation is dominant... Tentatively it might be suggested that these be called..inner space. 1966 I. Asimov Fantastic Voy. i. 10 We would pile him into an X-52 and rocket him through inner space. p. inner city n. the central area of a city, esp. regarded as having particular problems of overcrowding, poverty, etc. Also attributive (see sense A. 6 below). Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > city > [noun] > parts of city city centre1834 inner city1968 1968 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 16 Nov. 95 The twin concepts of decentralization and community control of the schools developed in response to the failure of schools in the inner city. 1973 Black Panther 17 Mar. 11/1 I'm..interested in getting a little more practical and down to present social policies in the cities, in the inner-cities; the continuing and ever occurring crisis in the inner-cities, where large numbers of people are trapped in a cycle of poverty. 1974 Times 19 Jan. 10/2 The problems of the inner city—a work area where almost everyone has gone home. 2. a. Said of the mind or soul (as the more inaccessible or secret, or as the more central or essential part of man, or as distinguished from the external or outer world), and of things belonging or relating thereto; hence often = Mental or spiritual. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > [adjective] inwardc888 innerc900 spiritualc1384 spiritala1393 soulya1500 interiora1513 intern1546 internal1547 soulish1581 soul-like1606 pneumatic1624 thoughtsome1627 psychical1642 pneumatical1644 animastic1651 animastical1651 intimate1671 in-written1684 soular1818 inwardly1820 psychal1822 noetica1834 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective] > innermost inmostc897 innerc900 privyc1300 intrinsic1490 interior1548 intrinsical1548 inward1548 secret1548 retired1596 in-pent1613 bosom1640 sneaking1748 interior1775 inside1888 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1722) iv. xiii. 582 On ðam inneran godum ge on ðam uttran. a1050 Liber Scintill. (1889) ix. 44 Se inra dema geþanc swyþor þaenne þa word besceawaþ. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 73 Hwa se ȝemeleseliche wit hire utre echȝenen. þurch godes richte dome ha blindeð þet inre. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ix. 20 Þat..þe utter man haf noght maistry of þe inere. 1382 [see sense A. 3a]. 1398 [see sense A. 3a]. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S4v But th'Elfin knight with wonder all the way Did feed his eyes, and fild his inner thought. 1671 [see sense A. 3a]. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab vii. 87 The sense By which thy inner nature was apprised Of outward shews. 1854 M. Evans tr. L. Feuerbach Essence Christianity i. 2 The inner life of man is the life which has relation to his species. 1860 J. W. Palmer tr. M. J. Michelet Love 118 A feeling that the woman's inner self will not be reached, her soul not attained. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. ii. §4 120 The Cerebrum,—the instrument of our Psychical or inner life. 1880 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 217 The point of application of the volitional effort always lies within the inner world, being an idea or representation. 1885 J. Martineau Types Ethical Theory I. i. i. §3. 165 Our own mind we know by what is called the ‘Inner Sense’ or consciousness. 1886 J. A. Symonds Renaissance in Italy I. ii. 139 Lorraine..felt his inner self expand in the rich climate of pontifical Rome. 1899 W. James Talks to Teachers ii. 15 There is a stream, a succession of states, or waves, or fields (or of whatever you please to call them), of knowledge, of feeling, of desire, of deliberation, etc., that constantly pass and repass, and that constitute our inner life. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience i. 7 Often they [sc. religious leaders] have led a discordant inner life, and had melancholy during a part of their career. 1905 A. Lang Adv. among Bks. 122 She [sc. Mrs. Radcliffe] delighted in descriptions of scenery, the more romantic the better, and usually drawn entirely from her inner consciousness. 1915 V. W. Brooks World of H. G. Wells v. 106 The force of a work of art does not reside in its ‘inner meanings’. 1927 B. Russell Outl. Philos. ii. 20 We all have an inner life, open to our own inspection but to no one else's. 1930 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 1019 The former is derived from persona meaning the essential or inner self. 1944 W. H. Auden For Time Being (1945) 35 The manifestations of the inner life should always remain so easy and habitual. 1952 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Anc. Judaism p. xi He displayed an inner-worldly, stoic attitude in the face of death. 1953 R. G. Davis Ten Mod. Masters p. xiv Even a fairy-tale or fantasy must have its inner logic. 1971 Daily Tel. 6 Aug. 9/7 This is a girl with an intense inner life. 1974 Listener 17 Jan. 76/1 Each [Buddhist monk]..inhabits his private inner world, and yet they're in harmony with each other. b. inner speech (form): see quots. Also inner linguistic (or language) form, inner form. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > mental image > [noun] > use of words in thinking language form1866 inner speech (form)1888 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > mental image > [noun] > use of words in thinking > concept associated with word language form1866 inner speech (form)1888 1885 D. G. Brinton in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22 iv. 319 Besides the grammatical form of a language, Humboldt recognized another which he called its internal form.] 1888 H. A. Strong tr. H. Paul Princ. Hist. Lang. xx. 460 The influencing force extends merely to what Humboldt and Steinthal have described as the inner language form (‘innere Sprachform’). 1888 H. A. Strong tr. H. Paul Princ. Hist. Lang. xx. 471 A language suffers influence in its inner linguistic form principally in the mouths of those who speak it as a foreign tongue. 1901 H. Oertel Lect. Study Lang. i. 64 This is the ‘outer speech form’, the external, phonetic aspect of the speech symbols. The ‘inner speech form’ is the definite arrangement of the prelinguistic psychical material into definite groups, the coherence of each group being secured by labelling each with one definite sound-tag. 1930 J. R. Firth Speech v. 44 The early discussions on inner speech did not touch the bigger question of the extensive motor accompaniment of thought. 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Inner speech, Psychol., use of words or word images in thinking, without audible or visible speaking. 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Inner speech form (trans. of G. innere Sprachform, used by Humboldt and Steinthal), the mental concept or image associated with a word prior to its use or upon hearing or reading it, as the concept of a quadruped associated with the word ‘animal’; abstractly, the quality by which a word evokes such a mental picture. 1970 H. C. Shands Semiotic Approaches to Psychiatry 10 Inner speech systems are constructed throughout the developmental period in human beings. 3. inner man: a. The inner or spiritual part of man; the soul or mind. Also, inner woman. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > mind, soul, spirit, heart > [noun] wombeOE moodeOE heartOE inner manc1000 soulOE ghostOE sprite1340 inwit1382 consciencec1384 spiritc1384 minda1387 spirtc1415 esperite1477 inward man1526 pneuma1559 esprite1591 internala1594 interior1600 entelechy1603 inside1615 psyche1648 sprit1653 citta1853 undersoul1868 Geist1871 heart-mind1959 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [noun] maweOE wombOE codc1275 cropc1325 gut1362 stomachc1374 bellyc1375 pauncha1393 flanka1398 heartc1400 kitchen?a1500 kytec1540 micklewame1566 craw1574 ventricle1574 pudding house1583 buck1607 wame1611 ventricule1677 ventriculus1710 victualling-office1751 breadbasket1753 haggis1757 haggis bagc1775 baggie1786 pechan1786 manyplies1787 middle piece1817 inner man1856 inner woman1857 tum-tum1864 tum1867 tummy1867 keg1887 stummick1888 kishke1902 shit-bag1902 Little Mary1903 puku1917 Maconochie1919 the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > mind, soul, spirit, heart > [noun] > of a woman p'o1850 inner woman1858 c1000 Confess. Ecgberti iv. §63 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 224 Se innra man ðæt is seo sawl. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ephes. iii. 16 That he ȝyue to ȝou..vertu for to be strengthid by his spirit in the ynnere man [L. in interiorem hominem]. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. i. 48 Isidore spekyth..of the inner man and vtter man. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 477 This attracts the Soul, Governs the inner man, the nobler part. View more context for this quotation 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers III. x. 184 She ate and drank, and as the inner woman was recruited she felt a little more charitable. 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 3 Apr. in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) iii. 158 To behave as her inner woman prompts. 1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. i. 32 The living product of the whole inner man. 1892 Gentlewoman's Bk. Sports I. 44 After refreshing the inner woman, I was all for trying the Sandhills again. b. humorously (after sense A. 1): The stomach or ‘inside’, esp. in reference to food. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [noun] maweOE wombOE codc1275 cropc1325 gut1362 stomachc1374 bellyc1375 pauncha1393 flanka1398 heartc1400 kitchen?a1500 kytec1540 micklewame1566 craw1574 ventricle1574 pudding house1583 buck1607 wame1611 ventricule1677 ventriculus1710 victualling-office1751 breadbasket1753 haggis1757 haggis bagc1775 baggie1786 pechan1786 manyplies1787 middle piece1817 inner man1856 inner woman1857 tum-tum1864 tum1867 tummy1867 keg1887 stummick1888 kishke1902 shit-bag1902 Little Mary1903 puku1917 Maconochie1919 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xx. 204 With my inner man well refreshed with auk-livers, I was soon asleep. 1865 Day of Rest Oct. 609 The New Englander, who had been strengthening the inner man during the remarks of the abbé. 4. inner post Nautical (see quot. 1850). inner barrister, inner stern-post, Inner Temple, etc.: see the nouns. ΚΠ 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 126 Inner Post, a piece of oak timber brought on and fayed to the fore-side of the main stern~post, for the purpose of seating the transoms upon it. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > self-knowledge > [noun] innerwit1495 self-knowledge1537 self-feeling1590 self-knowing1628 autology1633 self-perception1666 self-recognition1777 self-awareness1876 autognosis1888 self-orientation1895 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > interior or civilized part in-country1565 inland1573 inner-land1613 outside1827 upcountry1837 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) iii. vi. 52 Felynge bodyly wytte and ymagynacyon arne sytuate in the soule, that he is onid to the body and yeue it lyfe and Inner~wytte and vtterwytt to perfeccion of the body. 1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 99 No lesse doth the Needle and Compasse upon the continent and inner-land, decline [etc.]. 6. Various phrases used attributively. ΚΠ 1908 Daily Chron. 22 Jan. 3/3 You may browse at will among the epistles or the notes, feeling that you are always with informed, inner-circle folk. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 10/2 What colour of glass must be used for the front door and inner-court doors? 1927 J. Adams Errors in School 32 An idea does not merely mean the inner-world equivalent of an outside object. 1953 C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 57 The rare cases of inner-verbal sequence-relevance may be dealt with analogously. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxv. 88 According to the Political Dictionary, inner-party democracy is the consistent application of the principles of ‘democratic centralism’, though, to be more accurate, it stands for its democratic as opposed to its dominant centralized aspect. 1960 H. Edwards Spirit Healing vii. 63 Spiritual healers have long known that the origin of organic diseases most often lay in inner-self disharmonies. 1961 Observer 8 Oct. 10/3 It is doubtful if Mr. Gaitskell himself had thought through the problem of inner-party democracy. 1964 F. Bowers Bibliogr. & Textual Crit. iv. ii. 112 Any separate small pile of inner-forme sheets. 1968 Sun (Baltimore) 4 July a16/3 A possible explanation of the inner-city language superiority (which had disappeared by the third grade) was, Mrs. Entwisle thought, the unrestricted time which small inner-city children spend in front of television sets. 1970 N.Y. Mag. 16 Nov. 42/2 From here the city spreads in a wheel-spoke design through seven inner-city black neighborhoods. 1971 Guardian 26 Feb. 6/8 Camden's housing problems have often been in the spotlight for revealing inner-city trends. 1972 Guardian 5 Jan. 5/2 The solution to the problem of the inner city child eludes us. B. n.2 Thesaurus » Categories » a. That division of a target next outside the bull's-eye: = centre n.1 9; or, in some targets, the division immediately outside the centre. b. elliptical. A shot which strikes this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > [noun] > types of shot bull's-eye1857 outer1859 carton1864 sighting-shot1872 magpie1884 inner1887 mag1895 maggie1901 1887 Daily News 15 July 3/5 Beginning with two inners, he then put together five successive bulls-eyes, and raised his aggregate to within a point of that by which Corporal Soutar won the Bronze Medal last year. 1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole 19 The bygone shot wasn't a bull's-eye; no, only an ‘inner’. Draft additions March 2007 Originally U.S. Designating a hidden or unrealized aspect of someone's personality, characterized as a specific type of person, as inner geek, inner poet, inner warrior, etc.Earliest in inner child n. ΚΠ 1955 Chicago Sunday Tribune 13 Nov. iv. 7/2 I had unconsciously used just that method of going beyond memory and thus getting into the inner child that I once was. 1982 L. S. Leonard Wounded Woman i. 23 There is within us [sc. women]..the positive and creative aspects of the inner archetypal father. 1990 R. Bly Iron John (1992) vi. 146 We'll begin with the inner warrior... The warriors inside American men have become weak. 1995 J. F. Garner Once upon more Enlightened Time 70 Her parents were off on a retreat to learn to release their ‘inner peasant’. 1998 Details Apr. 86/1 They may get name-checked on MTV..but..[they] are still in touch with their inner geeks. 2003 N.Y. Mag. 21 Apr. 51/1 (advt.) Whether you have a hankering to write a romance novel..or nurture your inner poet, you can find your voice at Gotham Writers' Workshop. Draft additions March 2015 inner ear n. [after post-classical Latin auris interior (1653 or earlier)] Anatomy (originally) any part of the ear internal to the auricle or pinna; (in later use) spec. the labyrinth (labyrinth n. 3a). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > labyrinth earOE labyrinth1578 internal ear1615 inner ear1655 ear bulb1838 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick iii. i. 96 When the inner Ear [L. aurem interiorem] is pulled, there is a cough raised. 1725 E. Strother Ess. Sickness & Health (ed. 2) ii. 169 We must seek for the Cause of this Tingling in the inner Ear it self. 1839 Amer. Med. Intelligencer Oct. 199 The tympanum (middle ear) is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated intermediately between the outer ear, above described, and the inner ear. 1951 T. Sturgeon Last Laugh in Other Worlds Mar. 10/1 I guess nobody ever gets really used to turnover. Your stomach gives a delicate little heave and the semi-circular canals in your inner ear rebel violently. 2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 87/2 The inner ear is filled with fluid, so our hearing system must transmit airborne sound vibrations to that fluid. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † inneradv. Obsolete. More inwards; further in. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] > more innerc1000 innermorea1400 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxviii. 240 Intra wiðinnan, interius wiðinnan oððe innor. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14613 Swa þe sparewe innere crap. 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 195 And lete hem pleye in þe porche, and presse non ynnere. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail l. l. 299 Thanne forth Iosephe Innere wente. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1771 Lybeauus inner gan pace. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < |
随便看 |
英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。