infortunen.

Brit.

/ɪnˈfɔːtʃuːn/,

/ɪnˈfɔːtʃ(ə)n/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈfɔrtʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English inforttewin, Middle English infortwne, Middle English infurtune, Middle English ynfortune, Middle English–1500s enfortune, Middle English– infortune; Scottish pre-1700 inforton, pre-1700 infortone, pre-1700 infortoun, pre-1700 infortoune, pre-1700 infortowne, pre-1700 infortwne, pre-1700 1700s– infortune.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French infortune.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French infortune (French infortune ) misfortune, bad luck, mishap (a1374; late 15th cent. or earlier in sense ‘malevolent astrological influence’) < classical Latin infortūnium infortuny n., with remodelling after fortune fortune n. Compare Catalan infortuni (14th cent.), Spanish infortunio (13th cent.), Portuguese infortúnio (c1538), Italian infortunio (14th cent.). Compare slightly later infortuny n., infortunity n.In form enfortune by association with words in en- prefix¹.

a. Lack of good fortune, success, or prosperity; misfortune, bad luck. Now poetic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck

un-i-limpOE

unlimpc1175

mishap?c1225

unhap?c1225

mishappeningc1230

ames-ace?a1300

misadventure?a1300

ill hailc1300

misauntera1325

untiminga1325

miscasec1325

mischancec1325

misfall1340

misfarea1387

casec1390

infortunea1393

mishapping?a1400

unchancea1400

disadventurea1413

mischieving1432

infortuny?a1439

encumbermentc1440

misfortune1441

evil hail?c1450

malfortunea1470

unhappiness1470

maleurtee?1473

malheur?1473

evil health1477

unfortune1483

wanfortunea1500

disfortune1509

wanhap1513

ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518

mislucka1530

ill luck1548

unfortunacy?c1550

evilfare1556

unluck1556

hard luck1567

bad luck1575

miscasualty1588

disgrace1590

wanchance1599

disventure1612

misaccident1620

miscarriagec1625

hard lines1722

mishanter1754

malefit1755

miscanter1781

hard cheese1854

hard cheddar1893

schlimazel1911

tough luck1912

snake eyes1918

catch-arse1970

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2446 (MED) Riht as it with tho men stod Of infortune of worldes good..Riht so fulofte it stant be love.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1626 Þe worste kynde of Infortune is þis.

c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 913 Be sodeyn Caas Or in necessyte, Or infortunys froward violence.

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. cxxx. f. cxlvii^v/2 He shold take his Infortune in pacyence.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. xx. sig. r.ii^v A fyre by infortune rose vp sodeinly.

1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 88^v Such was y^e infortune of this miserable King Ferdinando, to fall so deepe and desperatly into the ire of God, that he was killed in the firste conflicte.

?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) iii. 234 Our long-sustain'd infortune might be freed.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxiv. 262 For my greater infortune, the tempest cast my Brigandine upon the coast of this Country.

1799 W. Wennington tr. A. H. J. Lafontaine Man of Nature xxvii. 239 Mary then wrote a letter to Fanny's uncle, wherein she implored him, by every thing sacred, to forebear plungeing her to the extreme of infortune.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. xiii. 254 This conjunction doth indeed promise success; but, methinks, that Saturn being combust, threatens danger and infortune to the party sent.

1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. IV. xv. 145 Strong Antethrigus, Whom gods, in so extreme infortune, cast.

†b. As a count noun: an instance of lack of good fortune; a misfortune, an unfortunate event. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck

unsitheOE

evila1300

mischiefa1325

illa1340

adversity1340

infortunea1393

infortunity1477

cladec1480

misfortunec1485

fortune1490

trouble?1521

stumble1547

infelicity1575

disgrace1622

unfortunacya1662

disgracia1740

miscanter1781

reversal1846

avalanche1850

rough spin1919

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 3088 (MED) This infortune of double harm The goddes..Behielde.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 79 We haue had vpon the see so many infortunes by tempeste of windes.

1544 T. Phaer Of Pestilence (1553) K iij b The lyfe whiche we lead here, is..subiecte to diseases, infortunes, and calamytyes.

1588 A. Munday tr. Palmerin D'Oliua sig. W3^v My greatest ease consisteth in..remembraunce of passed infortunes.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 313 At this, the dream-spellers were divided in their divinations; some interpreting it a fortune, some an infortune.

1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 193 Such lines have the signification of infortunes, and sundry hurtfull falls.

1674 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Passions 168 I have fallen into Errors, that have more dejected my spirit, than a long succession of infortunes could ever doe.

2. Astrology. A malevolent influence; the planet or aspect causing this; esp. either Saturn or Mars (more fully the greater infortune and the lesser infortune respectively). Cf. fortune n. 8.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [noun] > unfortunate

infortuningc1400

infortunec1405

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as > malign

shrewc1400

infortunec1405

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > causing or bringing misfortune > one who or that which

foota1225

woea1300

infortunec1405

infortunate1558

jettatura1822

bad medicine1857

hoodoo1882

voodoo1902

jinx1911

mock1911

mocker1923

kiss of death1948

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1163 Naught was forgeten by the Infortune of Marte.

1579 T. Lupton Thousand Notable Things iv. 91 If thou dost finde the Moone seperate from Infortunes, (that is from an euyll Planette, or from an Infortunate Planette) tell him that his going is better then his tarying.

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. ii. 81 Saturn out of all dignities..and Venus in the South-angle elevated above him..and free from the malevolent beams of infortunes.

1651 N. Culpeper Astrol. Judgm. Dis. (1658) 108 If the sign the Lord of the sixth possesseth, especially if he be an infortune, or a fortune infortunated.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. vi. 16 The Dragons Tail is..an Infortune signifying Mischiefs, Scandals, Shame.

1726 S. Penseyre New Guide Astrol. 167 An Infortune in the tenth or fourth House from the Ascendant of the Question, obscures the Matter or Things quesited after.

1788 H. Clarke School Candidates i. 11 On investigating the Seventh House of the Horoscope,..old Saturn, that malevolent and greater Infortune, [was] found therein.

1830 T. Oxley Celestial Planispheres 208 The lord of the first in the eighth, being naturally an Infortune and afflicted besides, &c. shews a violent Death.

1881 R. A. Proctor Poetry of Astron. viii. 278 Saturn, the greater Infortune, as Mars himself is the lesser Infortune, of Astrological systems.

1917 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 17 Oct. 10/6 Another set of ‘infortunes’ in affliction hold sway on this day, making it hazardous to make changes.

1930 PMLA 45 142 The planet Venus appeases the wrath of the infortune, Mars.

2003 Swiss News (Nexis) 1 Aug. 35 Whoever has been spared by Saturn—the Greater Infortune—might still become the prey of his smaller companion named Mars, the Lesser Infortune.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† infortunev.

Forms: late Middle English ynfortune, late Middle English–1600s infortune.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: infortune n.

Etymology: < infortune n. Compare Middle French, French †infortuner (1496), Spanish infortunar (13th cent.), Portuguese infortunar (15th cent.). Compare slightly earlier infortuned adj., infortuning n., and later infortunate v.

Obsolete.

transitive. To cause misfortune to, to afflict; (Astrology) to cause (a planet) to have a malign influence. Usually in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict

overharryeOE

aileOE

swencheOE

besetOE

traya1000

teenOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

derve?c1225

grieve1297

harrya1300

noyc1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

wrath14..

aggrievea1325

annoya1325

tribula1325

to hold wakenc1330

anguish1340

distrainc1374

wrap1380

strain1382

ermec1386

afflicta1393

cumbera1400

assayc1400

distressc1400

temptc1400

encumber1413

labour1437

infortune?a1439

stressa1450

trouble1489

arraya1500

constraina1500

attempt1525

misease1530

exercise1531

to hold or keep waking1533

try1539

to wring to the worse1542

pinch1548

affligec1550

trounce1551

oppress1555

inflict1566

overharl1570

strait1579

to make a martyr of1599

straiten1611

tribulatea1637

to put through the hoop(s)1919

snooter1923

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 2879 (MED) It doth ther fame trouble, Infortuneth and clipseth ther noblesse, Whan a prynce is off his heste double.

a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 20 (MED) The said Grame, seyng his Kyng and Soveran Lord ynfortuned with so much deseyse, angwesh, and sorowe, wold hafe so levyd.

1518 H. Watson tr. Hystorye Olyuer of Castylle sig. Cvii^v As infortuned I shall vse y^e surplus of my lyfe in praynge our lorde that he wyll kepe thy ryght fayre yongth from all encomberaunce.

1651 N. Culpeper Semeiotica Uranica ii. xiii. 130 Though the Lord of the ascendent be a malevelent, it matters not, so he be direct, and not infortuned by house.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	infortune
释义	infortunen. Brit. /ɪnˈfɔːtʃuːn/, /ɪnˈfɔːtʃ(ə)n/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfɔrtʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English inforttewin, Middle English infortwne, Middle English infurtune, Middle English ynfortune, Middle English–1500s enfortune, Middle English– infortune; Scottish pre-1700 inforton, pre-1700 infortone, pre-1700 infortoun, pre-1700 infortoune, pre-1700 infortowne, pre-1700 infortwne, pre-1700 1700s– infortune. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French infortune. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French infortune (French infortune ) misfortune, bad luck, mishap (a1374; late 15th cent. or earlier in sense ‘malevolent astrological influence’) < classical Latin infortūnium infortuny n., with remodelling after fortune fortune n. Compare Catalan infortuni (14th cent.), Spanish infortunio (13th cent.), Portuguese infortúnio (c1538), Italian infortunio (14th cent.). Compare slightly later infortuny n., infortunity n.In form enfortune by association with words in en- prefix¹. 1. a. Lack of good fortune, success, or prosperity; misfortune, bad luck. Now poetic and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck un-i-limpOE unlimpc1175 mishap?c1225 unhap?c1225 mishappeningc1230 ames-ace?a1300 misadventure?a1300 ill hailc1300 misauntera1325 untiminga1325 miscasec1325 mischancec1325 misfall1340 misfarea1387 casec1390 infortunea1393 mishapping?a1400 unchancea1400 disadventurea1413 mischieving1432 infortuny?a1439 encumbermentc1440 misfortune1441 evil hail?c1450 malfortunea1470 unhappiness1470 maleurtee?1473 malheur?1473 evil health1477 unfortune1483 wanfortunea1500 disfortune1509 wanhap1513 ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518 mislucka1530 ill luck1548 unfortunacy?c1550 evilfare1556 unluck1556 hard luck1567 bad luck1575 miscasualty1588 disgrace1590 wanchance1599 disventure1612 misaccident1620 miscarriagec1625 hard lines1722 mishanter1754 malefit1755 miscanter1781 hard cheese1854 hard cheddar1893 schlimazel1911 tough luck1912 snake eyes1918 catch-arse1970 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2446 (MED) Riht as it with tho men stod Of infortune of worldes good..Riht so fulofte it stant be love. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1626 Þe worste kynde of Infortune is þis. c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 913 Be sodeyn Caas Or in necessyte, Or infortunys froward violence. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. cxxx. f. cxlvii^v/2 He shold take his Infortune in pacyence. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. xx. sig. r.ii^v A fyre by infortune rose vp sodeinly. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 88^v Such was y^e infortune of this miserable King Ferdinando, to fall so deepe and desperatly into the ire of God, that he was killed in the firste conflicte. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) iii. 234 Our long-sustain'd infortune might be freed. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxiv. 262 For my greater infortune, the tempest cast my Brigandine upon the coast of this Country. 1799 W. Wennington tr. A. H. J. Lafontaine Man of Nature xxvii. 239 Mary then wrote a letter to Fanny's uncle, wherein she implored him, by every thing sacred, to forebear plungeing her to the extreme of infortune. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. xiii. 254 This conjunction doth indeed promise success; but, methinks, that Saturn being combust, threatens danger and infortune to the party sent. 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. IV. xv. 145 Strong Antethrigus, Whom gods, in so extreme infortune, cast. †b. As a count noun: an instance of lack of good fortune; a misfortune, an unfortunate event. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck unsitheOE evila1300 mischiefa1325 illa1340 adversity1340 infortunea1393 infortunity1477 cladec1480 misfortunec1485 fortune1490 trouble?1521 stumble1547 infelicity1575 disgrace1622 unfortunacya1662 disgracia1740 miscanter1781 reversal1846 avalanche1850 rough spin1919 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 3088 (MED) This infortune of double harm The goddes..Behielde. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 79 We haue had vpon the see so many infortunes by tempeste of windes. 1544 T. Phaer Of Pestilence (1553) K iij b The lyfe whiche we lead here, is..subiecte to diseases, infortunes, and calamytyes. 1588 A. Munday tr. Palmerin D'Oliua sig. W3^v My greatest ease consisteth in..remembraunce of passed infortunes. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 313 At this, the dream-spellers were divided in their divinations; some interpreting it a fortune, some an infortune. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 193 Such lines have the signification of infortunes, and sundry hurtfull falls. 1674 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Passions 168 I have fallen into Errors, that have more dejected my spirit, than a long succession of infortunes could ever doe. 2. Astrology. A malevolent influence; the planet or aspect causing this; esp. either Saturn or Mars (more fully the greater infortune and the lesser infortune respectively). Cf. fortune n. 8. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [noun] > unfortunate infortuningc1400 infortunec1405 the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as > malign shrewc1400 infortunec1405 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > causing or bringing misfortune > one who or that which foota1225 woea1300 infortunec1405 infortunate1558 jettatura1822 bad medicine1857 hoodoo1882 voodoo1902 jinx1911 mock1911 mocker1923 kiss of death1948 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1163 Naught was forgeten by the Infortune of Marte. 1579 T. Lupton Thousand Notable Things iv. 91 If thou dost finde the Moone seperate from Infortunes, (that is from an euyll Planette, or from an Infortunate Planette) tell him that his going is better then his tarying. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. ii. 81 Saturn out of all dignities..and Venus in the South-angle elevated above him..and free from the malevolent beams of infortunes. 1651 N. Culpeper Astrol. Judgm. Dis. (1658) 108 If the sign the Lord of the sixth possesseth, especially if he be an infortune, or a fortune infortunated. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. vi. 16 The Dragons Tail is..an Infortune signifying Mischiefs, Scandals, Shame. 1726 S. Penseyre New Guide Astrol. 167 An Infortune in the tenth or fourth House from the Ascendant of the Question, obscures the Matter or Things quesited after. 1788 H. Clarke School Candidates i. 11 On investigating the Seventh House of the Horoscope,..old Saturn, that malevolent and greater Infortune, [was] found therein. 1830 T. Oxley Celestial Planispheres 208 The lord of the first in the eighth, being naturally an Infortune and afflicted besides, &c. shews a violent Death. 1881 R. A. Proctor Poetry of Astron. viii. 278 Saturn, the greater Infortune, as Mars himself is the lesser Infortune, of Astrological systems. 1917 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 17 Oct. 10/6 Another set of ‘infortunes’ in affliction hold sway on this day, making it hazardous to make changes. 1930 PMLA 45 142 The planet Venus appeases the wrath of the infortune, Mars. 2003 Swiss News (Nexis) 1 Aug. 35 Whoever has been spared by Saturn—the Greater Infortune—might still become the prey of his smaller companion named Mars, the Lesser Infortune. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † infortunev. Forms: late Middle English ynfortune, late Middle English–1600s infortune. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: infortune n. Etymology: < infortune n. Compare Middle French, French †infortuner (1496), Spanish infortunar (13th cent.), Portuguese infortunar (15th cent.). Compare slightly earlier infortuned adj., infortuning n., and later infortunate v. Obsolete. transitive. To cause misfortune to, to afflict; (Astrology) to cause (a planet) to have a malign influence. Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict overharryeOE aileOE swencheOE besetOE traya1000 teenOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE derve?c1225 grieve1297 harrya1300 noyc1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 wrath14.. aggrievea1325 annoya1325 tribula1325 to hold wakenc1330 anguish1340 distrainc1374 wrap1380 strain1382 ermec1386 afflicta1393 cumbera1400 assayc1400 distressc1400 temptc1400 encumber1413 labour1437 infortune?a1439 stressa1450 trouble1489 arraya1500 constraina1500 attempt1525 misease1530 exercise1531 to hold or keep waking1533 try1539 to wring to the worse1542 pinch1548 affligec1550 trounce1551 oppress1555 inflict1566 overharl1570 strait1579 to make a martyr of1599 straiten1611 tribulatea1637 to put through the hoop(s)1919 snooter1923 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 2879 (MED) It doth ther fame trouble, Infortuneth and clipseth ther noblesse, Whan a prynce is off his heste double. a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 20 (MED) The said Grame, seyng his Kyng and Soveran Lord ynfortuned with so much deseyse, angwesh, and sorowe, wold hafe so levyd. 1518 H. Watson tr. Hystorye Olyuer of Castylle sig. Cvii^v As infortuned I shall vse y^e surplus of my lyfe in praynge our lorde that he wyll kepe thy ryght fayre yongth from all encomberaunce. 1651 N. Culpeper Semeiotica Uranica ii. xiii. 130 Though the Lord of the ascendent be a malevelent, it matters not, so he be direct, and not infortuned by house. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1393v.?a1439
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