indeedadv.
/ɪnˈdiːd/, U.S. /ᵻnˈdid/ 1.
a. In actual fact, in reality, in truth; really, truly, assuredly, positively.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb]
mid or with (‥) soothc888
soothfastlya890
soothfastc950
rightOE
yeaOE
soothlyOE
soothOE
trulyc1225
soothrightc1275
purec1300
verament1303
verily1303
purelyc1325
verimentc1325
indeedc1330
veirec1330
soothfully1340
faithlyc1350
of very (due) right?a1366
leallya1375
amenc1384
in soothnessc1386
verya1387
in certaina1400
truea1400
without(en) wougha1400
in veirec1400
in deedc1405
without famec1430
in veramentc1450
utterlyc1460
veritably1481
veritable1490
voirably1501
seriously1644
quite1736
quite1881
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [adverb] > truly, genuinely
trulyc1225
truea1400
veritably1481
veritable1490
authentically1593
indeeda1616
genuinely1640
real1645
unpretendingly1701
honest to God1892
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7591 Þat was þe firste wassail in dede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 10160 Of him we wol oure story rede For worþiest hit is in dede.
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ix. iii. (Bodl. 263) 408/2 In al his book, he had afforn nat seen A mor woful creature, in deede.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xxiv. f. cxviij The lorde is risen in dede, and hath apered to Simon.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 96 My trust..which had indeede no limit. View more context for this quotation
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iv. 37 When Sunday came, it was indeed a day of finery.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 37 I hear thy voice, And know that I indeed am motherless.
1878 R. H. Hutton Scott iv. 37 He was, indeed, a man of iron nerve.
b. Frequently placed after a word in order to emphasize it: hence, with noun = actual, real, true, genuine; with adjective or adverb = really and truly. (The adjective is often preceded by very.)
ΚΠ
1575 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucolics x. 1 O Arethusa, graunt this labour be my last indeede.
1611 Bible (King James) John i. 47 Behold an Israelite indeed [ Tindale a ryght Israelite] in whom is no guile. View more context for this quotation
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 236 Our discourse is not about ordinary workmen, but wee doe rather speake of such men as are Painters indeed, that is, men of excellent wittes and great.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xi. 218 I marry Sir, this is Musick indeed, this has cheered my heart. View more context for this quotation
a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1742) II. i. i. 9 Strange indeed! quoth the priest.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 163 My hours of sleep are now but few indeed.
1848 B. Lefroy in State Trials (N.S.) VI. 695 I should be very glad indeed to find that I had mistaken altogether the drift of that defence.
1877 L. Morris Epic of Hades i. 26 Amid the crowd of youths He showed a Prince indeed.
2. † b. In an adversative clause, emphasizing the real fact or reason in opposition to that which is false. Obsolete.
a. In reality, in real nature or essence, opposed to what is merely external or apparent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb]
in truthc1330
in faitha1375
in good faitha1393
in casea1398
in effectc1405
indeed1412
effectually1420
actually?a1425
really?a1425
of a truth1494
bottom1531
for a truth?1532
in fact1592
authentically1593
in esse1597
de facto1602
essentially1604
in nature1605
in point of fact1628
positively1649
in point of event1650
effectively1652
honestly1675
entally1691
reely1792
objectively1796
fairlyc1804
in actual fact1824
factually1852
naturally1858
transactionally1866
'smatter of fact1922
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in reality
in substancea1393
indeed1412
in realitya1513
in nature1605
solidly1625
under the skin (also skins)1896
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. v. (Digby 230) There was oone enclosed in her herte And anoþir in hir chere declared For maidens han ofte siþes spared To shewe oute þt þei desire in dede.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDDi Rather make it..seme lesse incomparably, than it is in dede.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) Pref. The Scholehouse should be in deede, as it is called by name, the house of playe and pleasure.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B4v Like those captive women whome the Poet notes..bewaild the death of Patroclus in outward show, but indeed their own condition.
1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion v That which I see, Is not indeed that which it seems to be.
1876 L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 10 The Muses' eyes, who were, indeed, Women, though god-like.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [adverb] > more truly or justly
rathera1200
indeed1596
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 33 The schirrefdome..of Perth is nocht litle bot ample indede and large.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 [He] was iudged to be no man at armes (though in deed he excelled in feates of chiualrie).
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 90 Whereas that rednesse ariseth indeed of the winds, which..carry..red Earth or Minium.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 63 Gon. How lush and lusty the grasse lookes? How greene? Ant. The ground indeed is tawny. View more context for this quotation
3. Used in a clause which confirms and amplifies a previous statement: In point of fact, as a matter of fact.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in fact, actually
in, of feata1400
in effectc1405
effectually1420
really?a1425
literallyc1429
(by) matter in deed1447
indeed1535
in fact1592
merely1596
de facto1602
essentially1604
in point of fact1628
upon1644
in point of event1650
effectively1652
in matter of fact1709
absolutelya1712
substantially1753
actually1762
positively1800
in actual fact1824
factually1852
as matter of fact1871
fair dinkum1891
dinkum1894
'smatter of fact1922
basically1927
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > outstandingly > emphasizing previous statement
yesc1400
indeed1535
indeedy1856
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 42 And in dead I brought the same texte agenst him.
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 78 Their disposition (as indeed almost all the rest of the Germans) very honest.
1662 Bk. Common Prayer Pref. Of the Church of England, or indeed of the whole Catholick Church of Christ.
1710 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 16 There is a very large Preface, but silly, and plainly shews the Author to be a Whigg, and indeed a fool.
1854 A. Jameson Bk. of Th. (1877) 117 What do we know of the mystery of..child-life? What, indeed, do we know of any life?
1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines 32 I am..a cautious man, indeed a timid one.
4. With concessive force (usually followed by an adversative clause) = It is true, it must be admitted.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [adverb] > allowably
allowablyc1443
indeed1563
allowedly1620
admissibly1809
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [adverb] > as concession
noweOE
wella1470
yes?1530
ah well1534
well now1550
indeed1563
oh well1582
(a) well a wella1779
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 8 In deade some times it may be so, but..is not so alwayes, nor yet most commenly.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 4v These ye will say, be fond scholemasters... They be fond in deede, but surelie ouermany soch be found euerie where.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 95. ⁋3 Grief and Weeping are indeed frequent Companions, but, I believe, never in their highest Excesses.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 129 She blushed deeply, indeed, but there was more than maiden's shame in her face.
1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae Introd. 81 Latin, not classical indeed, but good of its kind.
5.
a. In dialogue, used to emphasize the reply (affirmative or negative) to a question or remark: e.g. ‘Yes, indeed!’, ‘No, indeed!’
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed
soothlyc825
forsoothc888
wiselyc888
sooth to sayOE
i-wislichec1000
to (‥) soothOE
iwis?c1160
certesa1250
without missa1275
i-witterlic1275
trulyc1275
aplight1297
certc1300
in (good) fayc1300
verily1303
certain1330
in truthc1330
to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330
certainlya1375
faithlya1375
in faitha1375
surelya1375
in sooth1390
in trothc1390
in good faitha1393
to witc1400
faithfullyc1405
soothly to sayc1405
all righta1413
sad?a1425
in certc1440
wella1470
truec1480
to say (the) truth1484
of a truth1494
of (a) trotha1500
for a truth?1532
in (of) verity1533
of verityc1550
really1561
for, in, or into very?1565
indeed1583
really and truly1600
indeed and indeed1673
right enough1761
deed1816
just1838
of a verity1850
sho1893
though1905
verdad1928
sholy1929
ja-nee1937
only1975
deffo1996
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > outstandingly > emphasizing reply to question or remark
indeed1583
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. M5v Is not that your meaning? That is my meaning indeed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 9 Sil. Seruant, you are sad. Val. Indeed, Madam, I seeme so. View more context for this quotation
1734 H. Carey Trag. Chrononhotonthologos i. ii. 15 Queen. Away! you flatter me. 1st Lady. We don't indeed.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 17 Can you tell me? Indeed I cannot.
1885 Punch 19 Dec. 298/1 ‘But you don't mean to tell me you're the secretary of all these companies?’ ‘Indeed I do, my dear fellow’.
b. Used in echoing the question asked by another speaker.
ΚΠ
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vii. 63 ‘Who knows how this may end?’ ‘Ay, who knows that indeed,’ answered I.
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xvi. 243 ‘Who is this Mr. Grey..?’ ‘Who, indeed!’
6. Interrogatively = ‘Is it so?’ ‘Really?’
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > [adverb] > indicating a question
whatOE
howc1000
how aboutc1000
indeeda1616
really1753
anyhow1846
how's about?1952
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 104 Iag. I did not thinke he had beene acquainted with her. Oth. O yes, and went betweene vs very often. Iag. Indeed? Oth. Indeed? Indeed, disern'st thou ought in that?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. ii. 13 Mis. Page... Whose at home besides your selfe? Mis Ford Why none but mine owne people. Mis Page. Indeed? Mis. Ford. No certainly. View more context for this quotation
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 171 I go no further than, Say you so, Sir? Indeed! Heyday!
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood xviii. 141 ‘That's Jarsper's.’ ‘Indeed?’ said Mr. Datchery.
7. As an interjection, expressing (according to the intonation) irony, contempt, amazement, incredulity, or the like.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > exclamations of contempt [interjection]
prut?c1300
trutc1330
truptc1380
ahaa1400
tushc1440
puff1481
quotha?1520
ah?1526
ta ha1528
twish1577
blurt1592
gip1592
pish1592
tantia1593
(God) bless (also save) the mark1593
phah1593
marry come up1597
mew1600
pooh1600
marry muff1602
pew waw1602
ptish1602
pew1604
push1605
pshaw1607
tuh1607
pea1608
poh1650
pooh pooh1694
hoity-toity1695
highty-tighty1699
quoz?1780
indeed1834
shuck1847
skidoo1906
suck1913
zut1915
yah boo1921
pooey1927
ptui1930
snubs1934
upya1941
yah boo sucks1980
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]
whatOE
well, wellOE
avoyc1300
ouc1300
ay1340
lorda1393
ahaa1400
hillaa1400
whannowc1450
wow1513
why?1520
heydaya1529
ah1538
ah me!a1547
fore me!a1547
o me!a1547
what the (also a) goodyear1570
precious coals1576
Lord have mercy (on us)1581
good heavens1588
whau1589
coads1590
ay me!1591
my stars!a1593
Gods me1595
law1598
Godso1600
to go out1600
coads-nigs1608
for mercy!a1616
good stars!1615
mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616
gramercy1617
goodness1623
what next?1662
mon Dieu1665
heugh1668
criminy1681
Lawd1696
the dickens1697
(God, etc.) bless my heart1704
alackaday1705
(for) mercy's sake!1707
my1707
deuce1710
gracious1712
goodly and gracious1713
my word1722
my stars and garters!1758
lawka1774
losha1779
Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784
great guns!1795
mein Gott1795
Dear me!1805
fancy1813
well, I'm sure!1815
massy1817
Dear, dear!1818
to get off1818
laws1824
Mamma mia1824
by crikey1826
wisha1826
alleleu1829
crackey1830
Madonna mia1830
indeed1834
to go on1835
snakes1839
Jerusalem1840
sapristi1840
oh my days1841
tear and ages1841
what (why, etc.) in time?1844
sakes alive!1846
gee willikers1847
to get away1847
well, to be sure!1847
gee1851
Great Scott1852
holy mackerel!1855
doggone1857
lawsy1868
my wig(s)!1871
gee whiz1872
crimes1874
yoicks1881
Christmas1882
hully gee1895
'ullo1895
my hat!1899
good (also great) grief!1900
strike me pink!1902
oo-er1909
what do you know?1909
cripes1910
coo1911
zowiec1913
can you tie that?1918
hot diggety1924
yeow1924
ziggety1924
stone (or stiffen) the crows1930
hullo1931
tiens1932
whammo1932
po po po1936
how about that?1939
hallo1942
brother1945
tie that!1948
surprise1953
wowee1963
yikes1971
never1974
to sod off1976
whee1978
mercy1986
yipes1989
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > contempt or disesteem [phrase] > expressions of contempt
a straw forc1374
to blow the buck's hornc1405
to go whistle1453
fig's enda1616
to do the other thing1628
indeed1834
(in a) pig's eye (also ear, arse)1847
drop dead1934
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 181 This is the Angler in Wales, indeed! exclaims some fair reader.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxvi. 273 ‘Ah,’ said Sam, ‘to be sure; that's the question.’ ‘Question, indeed,’ retorted Mrs. Cluppins; ‘she'd question him, if she'd my spirit.’
1866 J. Ruskin Crown Wild Olive (ed. 2) 91 I think such and such a thing might be desirable..a damask curtain or so at the windows. ‘Ah’, says my employer, ‘damask curtains indeed! That's all very fine’.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 211 O, indeed, I said, what a wonderful thing, and what a great blessing!
8. indeed and indeed, really and truly. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed
soothlyc825
forsoothc888
wiselyc888
sooth to sayOE
i-wislichec1000
to (‥) soothOE
iwis?c1160
certesa1250
without missa1275
i-witterlic1275
trulyc1275
aplight1297
certc1300
in (good) fayc1300
verily1303
certain1330
in truthc1330
to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330
certainlya1375
faithlya1375
in faitha1375
surelya1375
in sooth1390
in trothc1390
in good faitha1393
to witc1400
faithfullyc1405
soothly to sayc1405
all righta1413
sad?a1425
in certc1440
wella1470
truec1480
to say (the) truth1484
of a truth1494
of (a) trotha1500
for a truth?1532
in (of) verity1533
of verityc1550
really1561
for, in, or into very?1565
indeed1583
really and truly1600
indeed and indeed1673
right enough1761
deed1816
just1838
of a verity1850
sho1893
though1905
verdad1928
sholy1929
ja-nee1937
only1975
deffo1996
1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master iii. i, in Dramatic Wks. (1840) 52/2 Indeed, and indeed, father, my aunt puts me quite out.
1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master iv. i. 54/2 Indeed and indeed, father, I shall not have him.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxii. 58 She said that indeed and indeed Miss Dolly might take pattern by her blessed mother.
187. W. S. Gilbert Distant Shore O say that I love him indeed and indeed!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adv.c1330