单词 | illyrian |
释义 | Illyrianadj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to the Illyrians or to ancient Illyria (or Illyricum), a country lying east of the Adriatic and at an early period extending northwards to the Danube. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of ancient cities or states > [adjective] NinevitishOE Trojanc1374 Sardian1551 Susian?1552 Illyrian1556 Phoenician?1556 Hyrcan1567 Sidonian1578 Phrygian1579 Smyrnian1579 Lycaonian1582 Paphlagonian1596 Lycian1598 Galatian1603 Cappadocian1607 Canaanite1613 Mysian1613 Phocaean1614 Phrygic1614 Dardana1616 Babylonized1701 Pergamene1703 Milesiana1722 Canaanitic1753 Palmyrenian1776 Smyrnaean1807 Troic1838 Minaean1844 Ninevite1848 Smyrniote1867 Isaurian1880 Mitannian1897 Iconian1899 Mitannite1911 Thraco-Phrygian1924 1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties ii. f. 78 Bargulus, the Illyrian robber, of whom mention is made in Theopompus. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 108 Bargulus the strong Illyrian Pyrate. 1679 J. Davies tr. Appian Hist. (title page) The History of Appian, of Alexandria. In Two Parts. The First, consisting of the Punick, Syrian, Parthian, Mithridatick, Illyrian, Spanish, and Hannibalick, Wars. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. i. 27 The provinces of the Danube soon acquired the general appellation of Illyricum, or the Illyrian frontier. 1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 714/2 The Heneti, an Illyrian people. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 709/1 The Danube..was the limit of the Illyrian tribes towards the north. 1935 J. S. Huxley & A. C. Haddon We Europeans vi. 179 The Dinaric (Illyrian) type [of people] is found on both sides of the northern Adriatic, the Illyrian mountain system with extensions to the north and south. 1953 J. Procházka tr. B. Hrozný Anc. Hist. W. Asia, India & Crete xvii. 220 The Illyrian and Thracian peoples are responsible for the band ceramics. b. Of or belonging to Illyria, a territory in the western Balkans which now falls in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia.A former division of Austria-Hungary, Illyria was a part of Yugoslavia from 1918 until the dissolution of that country in 1994. Illyrian Provinces, a division, made by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1809, of various Austrian territories lying north and east of the Adriatic, and abolished in 1814–15, after which it was made a nominal kingdom of the Austrian Empire. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > countries of Eastern Europe > [adjective] > regions of the former Yugoslavia Croatian1599 Istrian1607 Bosnian1621 Dalmatiana1684 Illyrian1820 Montenegrian1830 Montenegrin1840 Montenegran1858 1820 C. Kelly Hist. Fr. Revol. I. xiii. 614 The treaty of Vienna has given to France a great extent of territory on the Adriatic sea: this territory is formed into the Illyrian republic. a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 559/1 The Emperor of Austria rules the Illyrian Kingdom with uncontrolled authority. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 445/2 Napoleon,..in 1809, gave to several tracts of territory ceded by Austria.. the name of the Illyrian Provinces. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XIII. 1084/2 Meanwhile the war in the Illyrian provinces..received a fresh complication from the secession of Bavaria from the French alliance. 1921 19th Cent. & After May 856 The Illyrian provinces..provided a strong bulwark against Austria. 1965 New Cambr. Mod. Hist. IX. xi. 331 The Illyrian provinces taken from Austria in 1809 remained directly under the control of Napoleon through a governor-general. c. In literary use: relating to the regions lying along the east coast of the Adriatic.This corresponds to the literary use of Illyria, which was retained even when the name had no political significance. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > countries of Eastern Europe > [adjective] > eastern Adriatic Illyrian1852 1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems i. ii. 41 The Adriatic breaks in a warm bay Among the green Illyrian hills... There those two live, far in the Illyrian brakes. 1853 Ld. Tennyson To E. L. in Poems 352 Illyrian woodlands, echoing falls Of water. 1950 J. C. Fennessy Way to Sea xvii. 131 Lapis lazuli blue as the Illyrian sea. d. Used in the names of breeds of dog that originated in this part of the Balkans, as Illyrian hound, Illyrian sheepdog. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > other types of Old English sheepdog1890 Belgian sheepdog1901 Belgian Shepherd1901 briard1901 Calabrian1905 Groenendael1925 maremma1925 bouvier1934 Illyrian sheepdog1935 puli1936 Malinois1947 Tervueren1947 Owczarek1948 Old English1971 Aussie1972 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > unspecified or other types of talbot1562 kibble1590 saluki1809 redbone1886 Plott1904 blue-tick1922 blue-tick coonhound1922 Basenji1933 Illyrian hound1964 Pharaoh hound1967 1935 Discovery Oct. 310/2 The fierce dogs of the Yugoslav South..are now officially called Illyrian Sheepdogs. 1948 A. Lokar in B. Vesey-Fitzgerald Bk. Dog ii. 519 The Illyrian Sheepdog is..the best-known Yugoslav sheep-herding dog and is in big demand in the hills in summer, and in the valleys when the sheep and goats come down for winter feeding. 1964 E. F. Daglish tr. E. Schneider-Leyer Dogs of World 198 The Illyrian Hound is not directly descended from the oft-mentioned Celtic Hound. 1971 F. Hamilton World Encycl. Dogs 376 Illyrian Hound. This medium-sized hound is named for Illyria, that ill-defined region of present-day Yugoslavia which borders the Adriatic. 2. Relating or belonging to the group of ancient dialects represented by the modern Albanian; (also) relating or belonging to a division of the eastern branch of the Slavonic languages. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Albanian Illyrian1607 Albanian1813 Tosk1900 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 10 CYnocephales, are a kinde of Apes... In the French, Germain, and Illyrian tongues, they are called of some Babion. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 444 The names to the above letters are in the Illyrian and Servian tongues. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 256/2 The hypothesis of the Albanians being descended from the Illyrians, cannot receive confirmation from comparing it with the old Illyrian tongue. 1928 C. Dawson Age of Gods xvi. 375 Our knowledge of the Illyrian languages is so slight. B. n. 1. One of an Indo-European people who inhabited ancient Illyria, and who were conquered by the Romans in the third and second centuries b.c. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [noun] > person Idumaeanc897 PhilistineeOE PhilisteeOE Philistianc1375 Midianitea1382 Moabitea1382 Chaldee1382 Scytha1387 Ammonitea1393 Alana1450 Amorite1530 Kenite1535 Scythian1543 Nabatean1555 Illyrian1584 Sabaean1607 Hittite1608 Homerite1613 White Hun1653 Judahite1708 Alarodian1709 Cimmerian1797 Thamudite1833 Himyarite1842 Akkadian1857 Saka1880 Ephthalite1882 Kassite1888 Hurrian1911 Hattian1914 Tarsian1914 Subarian1923 Gutian1928 Urartian1934 Nesite1949 Luvian1961 Eblaite1976 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 62v The people Eneti comming of the Illyrians. 1788 J. Lemprière Classical Dict. at Pausanias He accompanied the prince in an expedition against the Illyrians. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 709/1 It would not be easy to draw any line of demarcation at this early time between the Illyrians and their neighbours on the west, south, and east. 1928 C. Dawson Age of Gods xiv. 325 The Bronze Age in Eastern Europe. The Thracians and the Illyrians. 1935 J. S. Huxley & A. C. Haddon We Europeans vii. 213 The Albanians are in part the descendants of the old Illyrians and are noteworthy for the preservation of many archaic customs and of a primitive form of Aryan language. 1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 966/1 Zeus..is found as ‘Father’, which attribute is very common in Greek too, among the Romans, Indians, and Illyrians. 2. An inhabitant of the former Austrian kingdom of Illyria. ΚΠ 1836 N. Wiseman Lect. Doctr. Catholic Church I. vii. 256 M. Boraga, an Illyrian, obtained permission of the Bishop to open a new mission among the Indians on the Grand River. 3. A member of the Slavonic people now living in the territory of ancient Illyria; also applied loosely to any people inhabiting this region, without reference to the various political meanings of the name. ΚΠ 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XIII. 533/2 Fortunately at this crisis he [sc. Leopold II] obtained the support of the Illyrians. 4. The language of Illyria, or the group of ancient dialects represented by the modern Albanian; also, a division of the eastern branch of the Slavonic languages, spoken in the same or adjacent districts. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Albanian > ancient Illyrican1753 Albanian1876 Illyrian1888 1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 12 Russian..Bulgarian and Illyrian. 1903 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1901–2 8 155 Messapian and Illyrian are clearly related to Venetic, a language to which we have found certain resemblances in Eteocretan. 1912 W. W. Skeat Sci. Etymol. 127 There is, however, sufficient evidence to show that the Old Illyrian was an independent descendant from the original Indo-germanic stock. 1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest v. 76 Indeed Albanian, which is supposed to be derived from ancient Illyrian, must be one of the most difficult of European languages to learn. Derivatives Iˈllyric adj. [ < Latin Illyricus, Greek Ἰλλυρικός] ΚΠ 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 447/2 Antient Illyria..was inhabited by a people called by the general name of the Illyric nations. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 783/2 The so-called Morlacks, or Dalmatians proper, who..speak a Slavonic dialect usually distinguished as the Illyric. Iˈllyrican n. = sense B. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Albanian > ancient Illyrican1753 Albanian1876 Illyrian1888 1753 R. Clayton Jrnl. from Cairo to Sinai 34 We had in our company persons, who were acquainted with the Arabick, Greek,..Illyrican, German..languages. ˈIllyrism n. (a) advocacy of Slovene, Croatian, and Serb nationalism; (b) see quot. 1957. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > other spec. Portugalism1676 pan-Slavism1844 Panhellenism1849 pan-Slavonism1850 Hellenism1854 Illyrism1854 Magyarism1862 pan-Celticism1863 Turkeyism1877 pan-Americanism1889 Nipponism1899 New Zealandism1921 Black Nationalism1927 Yiddishism1932 1854 E. O. S. Hungary & its Revol. 236 Louis Gay, a young man of literary attainments,..took the lead in a movement which obtained the name of Illyrism. 1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 475/2 The Hungarians had obtained a royal manifesto hostile to Illyrism. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XX. 789/2 Between the Slovenes and the Croats there are transition dialects, and about 1840 there was an attempt (Illyrism) to establish a common literary language. ˈIllyrist adj. and n. ΚΠ 1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 475/2 A nationalist or ‘Illyrist’ party was formed..to combat Hungarian influences. 1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 475/2 Conflicts between Illyrists and Magyarists. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1556 |
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