illuminationn.

/ɪl(j)uːmɪˈneɪʃən/

Etymology: < French illumination (14th cent., Oresme), < Latin illūminātiōn-em , noun of action < illūmināre to illumine v., illuminate v.

a. The action of illuminating; the fact or condition of being illuminated; a lighting up, a supplying of light. Also technical in sense illuminate v. 1c.circle of illumination: see circle n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun]

lightingOE

clearingc1380

beshining1398

burning1466

lumerc1468

tinding1497

illumination1563

illustrationa1631

luminary1645

illuminary1692

lighting up1787

illume1838

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > directing a beam of

illumination1942

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > other methods or operations > radar > procedures

spoofing1920

illumination1942

shaping1945

interrogation1946

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 11 Fyre scattered in the ayre, or illuminations, are generated in the lowest region of the ayre.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1292 Mercurie..plaied at dice with the Moone, and won from her the seventieth part of every one of her illuminations.

1767 tr. C. di Beccaria Bonesana Ess. Crimes xi. 40 The illumination of the streets, during the night, at the public expence.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 274 The glowing hearth may satisfy awhile With faint illumination.

1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. vi. 83 The circle separating Day from Night, or the light from the dark hemisphere of the earth, is called the Circle of Illumination.

1869 J. Tyndall in Fortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 226 The source of illumination chosen was the electric light... The dirt and filth..were strikingly revealed by this method of illumination.

1942 J. C. Slater Microwave Transmission vi. 275 Vertically the illumination falls off gradually in intensity as the poles are approached.

1948 E. C. Pollard & J. M. Sturtevant Microwaves & Radar Electronics iv. 127 A horn feed illumination is the most widely favored.

1966 I. Tolstoy & C. S. Clay Ocean Acoustics vi. 199 It is convenient to measure the scattered signal relative to the signal reflected by a mirror-like surface when the illumination factor, source position, receiver position, etc., are the same.

b. Optics. Degree of lighting up; the intensity of the light falling upon a surface, as measurable by the amount incident on each unit of the surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > intensity of light, luminosity > [noun]

brightness1674

self-luminosity1841

illumination1863

luminosity1898

illuminance1943

luminance1950

irradiance1956

1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics §410 The illumination of a surface placed in a beam of parallel luminous rays is the same at all distances.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 881 Experiments for determining the relative illumination of the different lights.

1943 D. H. Jacobs Fund. Optical Engin. iv. 66 We have derived equations that give the illumination (or illuminance) only at points on the axis of the system.

1955 R. C. Brown Textbk. Physics IV. l. 902 The illumination (sometimes called ‘intensity of illumination’ and also illuminance) of a surface is defined as the luminous flux incident per unit area on the surface.

c. Directly figurative or in figurative context.

ΚΠ

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. v. 18 Our understandings being eclipsed..we must betake our selves to wayes of reparation, and depend upon the illumination of our endeavours.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. v. §5 Nature is sensible of..the imperfection of its own light, and therefore seems rather to require further illumination.

1825 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 68 The prospect..threw something of an illumination upon the darker side of my captivity.

a. Spiritual enlightenment; divine inspiration; †spec. baptism (obsolete). (The earliest sense in English.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun]

fulloghteOE

fulghtningc1175

baptizing1297

Christendomc1300

christeningc1330

baptism1377

fullowinga1387

illumination1398

baptizea1400

to have Christenheada1450

baptiste1460

baptization1470

fountain1549

washinga1557

tincture1612

baptizement1818

baptistery1851

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Harl. 614) ii. viii. 10 b/2 He clepeþ & bringeþ þe neþer ordris, to be parteners of þe illumynacioun of þe schynynge of god.

c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. Contents xxvii A praier for illuminacion of mynde.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. aiij Speciall priuiledge of Illumination, or Reuelation from heauen.

1640 W. Habington Castara (ed. 3) iii. 170 Confounding with supernaturall illumination, the opinionated judgment of the wise.

1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 57 Besides the Name of Baptism..they gave it also the Name of Illumination, of Light, of Circumcision.

a1832 H. J. Rose Theol. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 872/1 Ecclesiastical History gives us several instances of similar claims to prophecy and divine illumination.

1857 J. Keble On Eucharistical Adoration 15 In baptism we are illuminated, in illumination adopted.

b. plural. An instance of this; an inspiration; a revelation.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > inspiration or revelation > [noun]

lightOE

lightingOE

inspiration1303

illuminationsc1340

inyettingc1340

revelationc1384

oraclec1425

revealingc1429

informationc1450

infusionc1450

illustrationc1480

gospel1481

aspirationc1534

illuminating1561

afflation1576

entheos1594

enthusiasm1595

flame-light1611

illapse1614

inspirement1616

spiration1629

respirationa1631

irradiation1631

income1647

afflatus1649

theopneustian1660

entheasm1752

prana1785

inflation1835

theopneusty1847

inflatusa1861

theopneustia1894

c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 17 Þe deuelle entirs þan by fals illumynacyons, and fals sownnes and swetnes, and dyssaues a mans saule.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 220 Madoc ingeniously perusing the older illuminations and seeing in some things the prophecie of this authentique Bardh.

1764 T. Harmer Observ. Passages Script. ix. vi. 250 Worship God..to Whom in justice you ought to ascribe these illuminations.

1878 C. Stanford Symbols Christ (new ed.) i. 12 Whose soul was..visited with preternatural illuminations.

3. Intellectual enlightenment; information, learning; †occasionally in plural, intellectual gifts. Also, the ‘enlightenment’ or doctrines of the Illuminati.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > enlightenment > [noun]

enlightening1561

irradiation1589

enlightenment1621

illumination1634

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > enlightenment > [noun]

lighteOE

lightening1395

illustrationc1480

irradiation1589

illumination1634

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > rationalism > [noun] > philosophy of the Enlightenment

illuminatism1798

illuminism1798

Aufklärung1842

illumination1881

enlightenment1893

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 12 They [sc. Columbus and Americus] had an Antecessor from whose Writings and Plats they had their illuminations.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1658 (1955) III. 207 These and the like illuminations, far exceeding his age.

1692 J. Ray Dissol. World (1732) iii. ix. 401 After further Illumination they were better informed.

1862 Lewes Stud. Anim. Life i. 41 From the illumination of many minds on many points, Truth must finally emerge.

1881 J. C. Shairp Aspects Poetry iv. 105 To turn the tide against the Illumination, of which Voltaire, Diderot, and the host of Encyclopædists were the high priests.

1886 E. Dowden Life Shelley I. 534 The materialistic philosophers of the French Illumination.

1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 75 The illumination which mathematics alone can afford.

a. The lighting up of a building, town, etc. (now usually in a decorative way, with coloured lights arranged in artistic designs, etc.), in token of festivity or rejoicing.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > other tokens of

palmOE

peal1509

illumination1797

feu de joie1801

confetti1815

street decoration1846

piñata1868

Venetian mast1883

serpentin1894

ticker tape1902

attributive.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ii. 89 Ah! if..it was an illumination night!

b. With an and plural. An instance of this; also plural the lights, or figures composed of lights, used in such decoration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun] > as part of festivities

illumination1691

1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 293 With many bone-fires and illuminations at night.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 94 A Time of Solemnity sometimes kept for several Weeks together with Illuminations on their Houses.

1767 B. Franklin Let. 14 Sept. in Wks. (1887) IV. 39 At the Church of Notre Dame, where we went to see a magnificent illumination, with figures, etc.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VII xliv. 87 When London had a grand illumination..So that the streets of coloured lamps are full.

1864 Daily Tel. 20 Sept. The illuminations were really magnificent.

†5. Elucidation. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun]

keyeOE

undoinga1330

expositiona1340

declarationc1374

declaringc1374

clearingc1380

expoundingc1380

explanationa1382

interpretation1382

exploitingc1390

unfolding1483

explicating1531

explication1537

clearance?1548

elucidation1570

explaining1576

manifestation1576

untwining1577

illustration1581

untwisting1591

eviscerating1599

unclouding1601

enodation1603

opening1611

dilucidation1615

unsnarling1640

declarement1646

enucleation1650

illumination1656

dilucidatinga1660

luciferousness1665

clarifying1677

unravelling1713

disentanglement1751

exegesis1770

disambiguation1827

evisceration1831

keyword1848

clarificationa1866

exponence1880

exponency1880

straightening1900

demystification1964

1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. i. xvi. 32 For the restauration of learning, and for the illumination and illustration of Sciences.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Illumination, the same [as Illucidation, an explaining or making clear].

a. The embellishment or decoration of a letter or writing with bright or luminous colours, the use of gold and silver, the addition of elaborate tracery or miniature illustrations, etc.: see illuminate v. 8.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > decoration > [noun] > manuscript illumination

limningc1485

miniaturea1660

alluminating1775

blazoning1843

illumination1856

society > communication > writing > written text > decoration > [noun] > manuscript illumination > illuminated work

miniaturea1660

illumination1856

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 105 The distinctive difference between illumination and painting proper, being, that illumination admits no shadows, but only gradations of pure colour.

1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art v. 138 Perfect illumination is only writing made lovely; the moment it passes into picture making it has lost its dignity and function.

b. With plural. The designs, miniatures, and the like, employed in such decoration.

ΚΠ

1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. II. 112 Beautiful illuminations, the vermilion and gold of which looked as brilliant now as they did five centuries ago.

†c. Formerly, also, the colouring of maps or prints.

ΚΠ

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Illumination,..a laying colours upon Maps or Printed Pictures; so as to give the greater light, as it were, and beauty to them.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	illumination
释义	illuminationn. /ɪl(j)uːmɪˈneɪʃən/ Etymology: < French illumination (14th cent., Oresme), < Latin illūminātiōn-em , noun of action < illūmināre to illumine v., illuminate v. 1. a. The action of illuminating; the fact or condition of being illuminated; a lighting up, a supplying of light. Also technical in sense illuminate v. 1c.circle of illumination: see circle n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun] lightingOE clearingc1380 beshining1398 burning1466 lumerc1468 tinding1497 illumination1563 illustrationa1631 luminary1645 illuminary1692 lighting up1787 illume1838 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > directing a beam of illumination1942 society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > other methods or operations > radar > procedures spoofing1920 illumination1942 shaping1945 interrogation1946 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 11 Fyre scattered in the ayre, or illuminations, are generated in the lowest region of the ayre. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1292 Mercurie..plaied at dice with the Moone, and won from her the seventieth part of every one of her illuminations. 1767 tr. C. di Beccaria Bonesana Ess. Crimes xi. 40 The illumination of the streets, during the night, at the public expence. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 274 The glowing hearth may satisfy awhile With faint illumination. 1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. vi. 83 The circle separating Day from Night, or the light from the dark hemisphere of the earth, is called the Circle of Illumination. 1869 J. Tyndall in Fortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 226 The source of illumination chosen was the electric light... The dirt and filth..were strikingly revealed by this method of illumination. 1942 J. C. Slater Microwave Transmission vi. 275 Vertically the illumination falls off gradually in intensity as the poles are approached. 1948 E. C. Pollard & J. M. Sturtevant Microwaves & Radar Electronics iv. 127 A horn feed illumination is the most widely favored. 1966 I. Tolstoy & C. S. Clay Ocean Acoustics vi. 199 It is convenient to measure the scattered signal relative to the signal reflected by a mirror-like surface when the illumination factor, source position, receiver position, etc., are the same. b. Optics. Degree of lighting up; the intensity of the light falling upon a surface, as measurable by the amount incident on each unit of the surface. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > intensity of light, luminosity > [noun] brightness1674 self-luminosity1841 illumination1863 luminosity1898 illuminance1943 luminance1950 irradiance1956 1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics §410 The illumination of a surface placed in a beam of parallel luminous rays is the same at all distances. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 881 Experiments for determining the relative illumination of the different lights. 1943 D. H. Jacobs Fund. Optical Engin. iv. 66 We have derived equations that give the illumination (or illuminance) only at points on the axis of the system. 1955 R. C. Brown Textbk. Physics IV. l. 902 The illumination (sometimes called ‘intensity of illumination’ and also illuminance) of a surface is defined as the luminous flux incident per unit area on the surface. c. Directly figurative or in figurative context. ΚΠ 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. v. 18 Our understandings being eclipsed..we must betake our selves to wayes of reparation, and depend upon the illumination of our endeavours. View more context for this quotation 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. v. §5 Nature is sensible of..the imperfection of its own light, and therefore seems rather to require further illumination. 1825 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 68 The prospect..threw something of an illumination upon the darker side of my captivity. 2. a. Spiritual enlightenment; divine inspiration; †spec. baptism (obsolete). (The earliest sense in English.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] fulloghteOE fulghtningc1175 baptizing1297 Christendomc1300 christeningc1330 baptism1377 fullowinga1387 illumination1398 baptizea1400 to have Christenheada1450 baptiste1460 baptization1470 fountain1549 washinga1557 tincture1612 baptizement1818 baptistery1851 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Harl. 614) ii. viii. 10 b/2 He clepeþ & bringeþ þe neþer ordris, to be parteners of þe illumynacioun of þe schynynge of god. c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. Contents xxvii A praier for illuminacion of mynde. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. aiij Speciall priuiledge of Illumination, or Reuelation from heauen. 1640 W. Habington Castara (ed. 3) iii. 170 Confounding with supernaturall illumination, the opinionated judgment of the wise. 1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 57 Besides the Name of Baptism..they gave it also the Name of Illumination, of Light, of Circumcision. a1832 H. J. Rose Theol. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 872/1 Ecclesiastical History gives us several instances of similar claims to prophecy and divine illumination. 1857 J. Keble On Eucharistical Adoration 15 In baptism we are illuminated, in illumination adopted. b. plural. An instance of this; an inspiration; a revelation. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > inspiration or revelation > [noun] lightOE lightingOE inspiration1303 illuminationsc1340 inyettingc1340 revelationc1384 oraclec1425 revealingc1429 informationc1450 infusionc1450 illustrationc1480 gospel1481 aspirationc1534 illuminating1561 afflation1576 entheos1594 enthusiasm1595 flame-light1611 illapse1614 inspirement1616 spiration1629 respirationa1631 irradiation1631 income1647 afflatus1649 theopneustian1660 entheasm1752 prana1785 inflation1835 theopneusty1847 inflatusa1861 theopneustia1894 c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 17 Þe deuelle entirs þan by fals illumynacyons, and fals sownnes and swetnes, and dyssaues a mans saule. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 220 Madoc ingeniously perusing the older illuminations and seeing in some things the prophecie of this authentique Bardh. 1764 T. Harmer Observ. Passages Script. ix. vi. 250 Worship God..to Whom in justice you ought to ascribe these illuminations. 1878 C. Stanford Symbols Christ (new ed.) i. 12 Whose soul was..visited with preternatural illuminations. 3. Intellectual enlightenment; information, learning; †occasionally in plural, intellectual gifts. Also, the ‘enlightenment’ or doctrines of the Illuminati. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > enlightenment > [noun] enlightening1561 irradiation1589 enlightenment1621 illumination1634 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > enlightenment > [noun] lighteOE lightening1395 illustrationc1480 irradiation1589 illumination1634 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > rationalism > [noun] > philosophy of the Enlightenment illuminatism1798 illuminism1798 Aufklärung1842 illumination1881 enlightenment1893 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 12 They [sc. Columbus and Americus] had an Antecessor from whose Writings and Plats they had their illuminations. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1658 (1955) III. 207 These and the like illuminations, far exceeding his age. 1692 J. Ray Dissol. World (1732) iii. ix. 401 After further Illumination they were better informed. 1862 Lewes Stud. Anim. Life i. 41 From the illumination of many minds on many points, Truth must finally emerge. 1881 J. C. Shairp Aspects Poetry iv. 105 To turn the tide against the Illumination, of which Voltaire, Diderot, and the host of Encyclopædists were the high priests. 1886 E. Dowden Life Shelley I. 534 The materialistic philosophers of the French Illumination. 1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 75 The illumination which mathematics alone can afford. 4. a. The lighting up of a building, town, etc. (now usually in a decorative way, with coloured lights arranged in artistic designs, etc.), in token of festivity or rejoicing. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > other tokens of palmOE peal1509 illumination1797 feu de joie1801 confetti1815 street decoration1846 piñata1868 Venetian mast1883 serpentin1894 ticker tape1902 attributive. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ii. 89 Ah! if..it was an illumination night! b. With an and plural. An instance of this; also plural the lights, or figures composed of lights, used in such decoration. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > illumination > [noun] > as part of festivities illumination1691 1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 293 With many bone-fires and illuminations at night. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 94 A Time of Solemnity sometimes kept for several Weeks together with Illuminations on their Houses. 1767 B. Franklin Let. 14 Sept. in Wks. (1887) IV. 39 At the Church of Notre Dame, where we went to see a magnificent illumination, with figures, etc. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VII xliv. 87 When London had a grand illumination..So that the streets of coloured lamps are full. 1864 Daily Tel. 20 Sept. The illuminations were really magnificent. †5. Elucidation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] keyeOE undoinga1330 expositiona1340 declarationc1374 declaringc1374 clearingc1380 expoundingc1380 explanationa1382 interpretation1382 exploitingc1390 unfolding1483 explicating1531 explication1537 clearance?1548 elucidation1570 explaining1576 manifestation1576 untwining1577 illustration1581 untwisting1591 eviscerating1599 unclouding1601 enodation1603 opening1611 dilucidation1615 unsnarling1640 declarement1646 enucleation1650 illumination1656 dilucidatinga1660 luciferousness1665 clarifying1677 unravelling1713 disentanglement1751 exegesis1770 disambiguation1827 evisceration1831 keyword1848 clarificationa1866 exponence1880 exponency1880 straightening1900 demystification1964 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. i. xvi. 32 For the restauration of learning, and for the illumination and illustration of Sciences. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Illumination, the same [as Illucidation, an explaining or making clear]. 6. a. The embellishment or decoration of a letter or writing with bright or luminous colours, the use of gold and silver, the addition of elaborate tracery or miniature illustrations, etc.: see illuminate v. 8. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > decoration > [noun] > manuscript illumination limningc1485 miniaturea1660 alluminating1775 blazoning1843 illumination1856 society > communication > writing > written text > decoration > [noun] > manuscript illumination > illuminated work miniaturea1660 illumination1856 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 105 The distinctive difference between illumination and painting proper, being, that illumination admits no shadows, but only gradations of pure colour. 1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art v. 138 Perfect illumination is only writing made lovely; the moment it passes into picture making it has lost its dignity and function. b. With plural. The designs, miniatures, and the like, employed in such decoration. ΚΠ 1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. II. 112 Beautiful illuminations, the vermilion and gold of which looked as brilliant now as they did five centuries ago. †c. Formerly, also, the colouring of maps or prints. ΚΠ 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Illumination,..a laying colours upon Maps or Printed Pictures; so as to give the greater light, as it were, and beauty to them. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1340
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