hyperpolarizationn.
Physiology.
An increase in the potential difference across the membrane of a nerve fibre above the normal resting potential, so that the inside of the fibre becomes (or is) even more negative with respect to the outside.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > electrical phenomena
neuroelectricity1914
rheobase1917
bioelectricity1925
monophasicity1932
Berger rhythm1934
skin potential1934
brain wave1935
beta rhythm1936
beta waves1936
theta1944
hyperpolarization1946
hyperpolarizing1950
conductance1966
biopower1978
1946 Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 28 412 This overshooting is analogous to the temporary hyperpolarization of the membrane (positive after-potential) which occurs after the end of tetani.
1955 Acta Physiol. Scand. XXXV. 12 The hyperpolarization usually amounts to 25–35 mV.
1955 Acta Physiol. Scand. XXXV. 12 The rate of hyperpolarization is about 150 mV/sec.
1966 C. F. Stevens Neurophysiol. ii. 13 Any change which decreases the inside-outside potential difference is known as a depolarization, whereas an increase in the membrane potential is called a hyperpolarization.
1971 Nature 9 July 123/1 Lundberg inserted intracellular electrodes in secretory cells of this gland and observed a hyperpolarization of 5–20 mV with a latency of 200–400 ms after applying single shocks to the chorda tympani nerve.
Derivatives
hyperˈpolarize v. (transitive) to produce such a change in (a nerve fibre); intransitive, to undergo such a change.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [verb (intransitive)] > electrical phenomena
hyperpolarize1955
1955 Jrnl. Physiol. 130 394 On hyperpolarizing the motoneurone..the amplitude of the e.p.s.p. was only slightly affected.
1973 Nature 9 Mar. 102/1 Most of these cells only hyperpolarize in response to light.
hyperˈpolarizing n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > electrical phenomena
neuroelectricity1914
rheobase1917
bioelectricity1925
monophasicity1932
Berger rhythm1934
skin potential1934
brain wave1935
beta rhythm1936
beta waves1936
theta1944
hyperpolarization1946
hyperpolarizing1950
conductance1966
biopower1978
1950 Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 35 Suppl. ii. 105 It appears that presynaptic impulses may exert upon the ganglion cells a catelectrotonic (depolarizing) action as well as an anelectrotonic (hyperpolarizing) action.
1971 Nature 23 July 269/2 In one pair of touch cells..a depolarizing or a hyperpolarizing synaptic potential was observed when the anterior or the posterior cell was stimulated.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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n.1946