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单词 hydrocarbon
释义

hydrocarbonn.

/hʌɪdrəʊˈkɑːbən/
Etymology: < hydro- comb. form 4 + carbon n.
Chemistry.
A chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon. These compounds, of which there are at least twelve series, the chief of them being the paraffins, olefines, acetylenes, and benzenes, are very numerous and important, and, with their derivatives, constitute the subject matter of organic chemistry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun]
hydrocarbonate1800
hydrocarburet1806
hydrocarbon1826
rhodiene1872
hydrocarbide1884
1826 M. Faraday Exper. Res. (1859) xxxii. 183 The peculiar hydro-carbons forming the subject of that paper.
1842 E. A. Parnell Elements Chem. Anal. (1845) 269 Contraction and formation of oily drops show the presence of olefiant gas, or vapours of hydrocarbons.
1863 J. Tyndall Heat iii. 62 Coal-gas is what we call a hydro-carbon.
1865–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. III. 186 The most fruitful source of hydrocarbons is the dry or destructive distillation of organic bodies.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbon series, etc.
ΚΠ
1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 45 The homologous series of hydro-carbon radicals.
1880 Richardson in Med. Temp. Jrnl. 67 Alcohol is..a chemical of the hydro-carbon series.
C2.
hydrocarbon gas n. any gaseous hydrocarbon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic gases > [noun] > other named
coal gas1806
oil-gas1820
natural gas1825
resin gas1828
powder gas1860
hydrocarbon gasc1865
air-gas1872
fluoroform1876
formene1884
biomethane1947
Sarin1951
c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 123/2 Hydro-carbon Gas, this name is given to the mixed gases which are generated from water, together with substances that are rich in hydro-carbons, as tar, resin, fats, oils, and the better kinds of cannel coal.
hydrocarbon oil n. any oil consisting chiefly of hydrocarbons.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils
oil of amber1559
neftec1575
light oil1761
white oil1763
white spirit1832
eupione1838
gas oil1839
heavy oil1849
petroleum ether1851
asboline1863
hydrocarbon oil1864
solar oil1864
mineral spirits1875
blown oil1887
phenoloid1900
1864 Mechanics' Mag. 22 Jan. 55/3 (heading) Petroleum and hydro-carbon oils for generating steam.
1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 484/2 Fluid hydrocarbon oils.
1904 G. H. Hurst Textile Soaps & Oils iv. 115 The cheapest oils are the so-called mineral or hydrocarbon oils.
1930 Morning Post 18 July 14/3 Hydrocarbon oil used on board life-boats.
1942 Progress Appl. Chem. XXVII. 82 The analysis of hydrocarbon oils is a valuable aid in the control of refinery processes such as cracking.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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