单词 | hydrocarbon |
释义 | hydrocarbonn. Chemistry. A chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon. These compounds, of which there are at least twelve series, the chief of them being the paraffins, olefines, acetylenes, and benzenes, are very numerous and important, and, with their derivatives, constitute the subject matter of organic chemistry. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] hydrocarbonate1800 hydrocarburet1806 hydrocarbon1826 rhodiene1872 hydrocarbide1884 1826 M. Faraday Exper. Res. (1859) xxxii. 183 The peculiar hydro-carbons forming the subject of that paper. 1842 E. A. Parnell Elements Chem. Anal. (1845) 269 Contraction and formation of oily drops show the presence of olefiant gas, or vapours of hydrocarbons. 1863 J. Tyndall Heat iii. 62 Coal-gas is what we call a hydro-carbon. 1865–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. III. 186 The most fruitful source of hydrocarbons is the dry or destructive distillation of organic bodies. Compounds C1. attributive, as hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbon series, etc. ΚΠ 1873 C. H. Ralfe Outl. Physiol. Chem. 45 The homologous series of hydro-carbon radicals. 1880 Richardson in Med. Temp. Jrnl. 67 Alcohol is..a chemical of the hydro-carbon series. C2. hydrocarbon gas n. any gaseous hydrocarbon. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic gases > [noun] > other named coal gas1806 oil-gas1820 natural gas1825 resin gas1828 powder gas1860 hydrocarbon gasc1865 air-gas1872 fluoroform1876 formene1884 biomethane1947 Sarin1951 c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 123/2 Hydro-carbon Gas, this name is given to the mixed gases which are generated from water, together with substances that are rich in hydro-carbons, as tar, resin, fats, oils, and the better kinds of cannel coal. hydrocarbon oil n. any oil consisting chiefly of hydrocarbons. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils oil of amber1559 neftec1575 light oil1761 white oil1763 white spirit1832 eupione1838 gas oil1839 heavy oil1849 petroleum ether1851 asboline1863 hydrocarbon oil1864 solar oil1864 mineral spirits1875 blown oil1887 phenoloid1900 1864 Mechanics' Mag. 22 Jan. 55/3 (heading) Petroleum and hydro-carbon oils for generating steam. 1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 484/2 Fluid hydrocarbon oils. 1904 G. H. Hurst Textile Soaps & Oils iv. 115 The cheapest oils are the so-called mineral or hydrocarbon oils. 1930 Morning Post 18 July 14/3 Hydrocarbon oil used on board life-boats. 1942 Progress Appl. Chem. XXVII. 82 The analysis of hydrocarbon oils is a valuable aid in the control of refinery processes such as cracking. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1826 |
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