hostilityn.

/hɒˈstɪlɪti/

Etymology: < late Latin hostīlitās, < hostīlis hostile adj. and n.; perhaps through French hostilité (15–16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

a. The state or fact of being hostile; hostile action exercised by one community, state, or power against another; esp. such as involves war.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [noun]

campOE

winOE

armoura1387

battlea1400

cocka1400

poynyec1425

combattery1524

hostility1531

combattencie1586

conflict1611

armed conflict1834

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun]

unthankc893

witherwardnessc897

witherOE

wrakea1023

ungrithlOE

feythhed1297

grill13..

ill1303

unfriendshipa1340

enmity?a1400

feuda1400

despitec1400

unkindnessc1400

ingratitude1477

barrace1488

disfriendship1493

hostility1531

dislovea1533

adversation1543

diskindness1596

disaffection1599

ill blood1624

disaffectedness1625

inimicalness1651

unfriendlinessa1684

animus1795

inimicality1797

virus1866

negativism1977

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxiv. sig. Mi^v With outwarde hostilitie or martiall businesse.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxii Y^e feare of outward hostilitie, and foren inuasion.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 101 Now these private Quarrels were broke out into open Hostility.

1706 E. Gibson Assize Serm. Croydon 15 Open acts of sedition and hostility.

1876 G. D. Mathews Coinages of World ii. 16 Prusias dared the hostility of the Romans by giving a shelter at his Court to Hannibal.

b. plural. Hostile acts; acts of warfare, war.

ΚΠ

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 837 Howsoever they exercise hostilities, and mutuall disagreements.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 488 Declar'd no War..nor committed the least Hostilities.

1781 Ld. Cornwallis Let. Washington 17 Oct. I propose a cessation of hostilities for twenty-four hours.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. viii. 273 A suspension of hostilities was agreed on.

c. hostilities, -y only: used in the Navy to describe a seaman enlisted only for the duration of a war, or such an enlistment.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [adjective] > sailor for duration of war

hostilities, -y only1942

1917 ‘Taffrail’ Off Shore 81 Even in our small ships we carry some of the ‘hostility men’.]

1942 E. Partridge Dict. Abbrev. 48/2 H.O., Hostilities only; applied to a man that has joined for the duration of the war. (Naval.)

1946 J. Irving Royal Navalese 7 Once again the ‘Hostility Only’ man took his silent stand beside the slender handful of us professional seamen.

1948 Hansard Commons 17 Mar. 2083 Recruiting on a hostilities only engagement was not open in the branch of their choice in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines.

1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze i. 55 H.O. (‘Hostilities Only’) ratings—men who had joined the Royal Navy for the duration of the war.

1973 Times 31 Jan. 16/7 He enrolled in the Royal Navy as a ‘hostilities only’ rating.

2. transferred and figurative. Opposition or antagonism in action, thought, or principle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun]

contrariositya1340

adversitya1382

champertyc1386

contrariousness1398

thwartingc1430

contrariancec1450

contrariness?1530

withsitting1532

oppugning1535

opposition1548

oppugnation1563

thwartness1577

adverseness1580

crossing1580

breasting1594

antipathy1601

oppugnancy1609

affrontment1611

opposure1611

thortera1614

contrariancya1617

obstancy1616

oppositeness1619

contropposition1621

obstrigillation1623

opposing1624

hostility1632

opposal1638

crossness1641

affront1642

aversion1651

oppugnance1657

shock1664

opponency1727

counteraction1750

antagonism1797

throwing1816

oppositiveness1824

kick1839

variance1842

opposedness1853

againstness1909

hornet1921

adversariness1970

oppositionality1989

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 63 There being not betweene us any cause of hostility.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Duellist Explicate all the Phænomena of Nature from the Doctrine of Alkali and Acid, and the supposed Hostility that there is between them.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 400 The hostility excited by a grotesque caricature of virtue did not spare virtue herself.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hostility
释义	hostilityn. /hɒˈstɪlɪti/ Etymology: < late Latin hostīlitās, < hostīlis hostile adj. and n.; perhaps through French hostilité (15–16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). 1. a. The state or fact of being hostile; hostile action exercised by one community, state, or power against another; esp. such as involves war. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] campOE winOE armoura1387 battlea1400 cocka1400 poynyec1425 combattery1524 hostility1531 combattencie1586 conflict1611 armed conflict1834 the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun] unthankc893 witherwardnessc897 witherOE wrakea1023 ungrithlOE feythhed1297 grill13.. ill1303 unfriendshipa1340 enmity?a1400 feuda1400 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 ingratitude1477 barrace1488 disfriendship1493 hostility1531 dislovea1533 adversation1543 diskindness1596 disaffection1599 ill blood1624 disaffectedness1625 inimicalness1651 unfriendlinessa1684 animus1795 inimicality1797 virus1866 negativism1977 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxiv. sig. Mi^v With outwarde hostilitie or martiall businesse. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxii Y^e feare of outward hostilitie, and foren inuasion. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 101 Now these private Quarrels were broke out into open Hostility. 1706 E. Gibson Assize Serm. Croydon 15 Open acts of sedition and hostility. 1876 G. D. Mathews Coinages of World ii. 16 Prusias dared the hostility of the Romans by giving a shelter at his Court to Hannibal. b. plural. Hostile acts; acts of warfare, war. ΚΠ 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 837 Howsoever they exercise hostilities, and mutuall disagreements. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 488 Declar'd no War..nor committed the least Hostilities. 1781 Ld. Cornwallis Let. Washington 17 Oct. I propose a cessation of hostilities for twenty-four hours. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. viii. 273 A suspension of hostilities was agreed on. c. hostilities, -y only: used in the Navy to describe a seaman enlisted only for the duration of a war, or such an enlistment. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [adjective] > sailor for duration of war hostilities, -y only1942 1917 ‘Taffrail’ Off Shore 81 Even in our small ships we carry some of the ‘hostility men’.] 1942 E. Partridge Dict. Abbrev. 48/2 H.O., Hostilities only; applied to a man that has joined for the duration of the war. (Naval.) 1946 J. Irving Royal Navalese 7 Once again the ‘Hostility Only’ man took his silent stand beside the slender handful of us professional seamen. 1948 Hansard Commons 17 Mar. 2083 Recruiting on a hostilities only engagement was not open in the branch of their choice in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines. 1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze i. 55 H.O. (‘Hostilities Only’) ratings—men who had joined the Royal Navy for the duration of the war. 1973 Times 31 Jan. 16/7 He enrolled in the Royal Navy as a ‘hostilities only’ rating. 2. transferred and figurative. Opposition or antagonism in action, thought, or principle. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] contrariositya1340 adversitya1382 champertyc1386 contrariousness1398 thwartingc1430 contrariancec1450 contrariness?1530 withsitting1532 oppugning1535 opposition1548 oppugnation1563 thwartness1577 adverseness1580 crossing1580 breasting1594 antipathy1601 oppugnancy1609 affrontment1611 opposure1611 thortera1614 contrariancya1617 obstancy1616 oppositeness1619 contropposition1621 obstrigillation1623 opposing1624 hostility1632 opposal1638 crossness1641 affront1642 aversion1651 oppugnance1657 shock1664 opponency1727 counteraction1750 antagonism1797 throwing1816 oppositiveness1824 kick1839 variance1842 opposedness1853 againstness1909 hornet1921 adversariness1970 oppositionality1989 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 63 There being not betweene us any cause of hostility. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Duellist Explicate all the Phænomena of Nature from the Doctrine of Alkali and Acid, and the supposed Hostility that there is between them. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 400 The hostility excited by a grotesque caricature of virtue did not spare virtue herself. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1531
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