hostileadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈhɒstʌɪl/, U.S.

/ˈhɑstl/,

/ˈhɑˌstaɪl/

Forms: Also 1600s hostill.

Etymology: < Latin hostīlis, < hostis enemy (see -ile suffix): perhaps through French hostile (15–16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

A. adj.

a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an enemy; pertaining to or engaged in actual hostilities.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [adjective]

hostile1597

society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [adjective] > hostile

enemya1425

hostile1597

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 223 My dangerous attempt of hostile armes.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 9 Nor bruise her flourets with the armed hoofes Of hostile paces.

1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. iv. 240 The King of Denmark who entred Germany in an hostil manner.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 337 By these Bars..the Hostile Arms of the Turks have been put to a stop.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 656 Thus great in glory from the din of war Safe he return'd, without one hostile scar.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 110 The operations of hostile armies.

1847 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Wks. (1906) I. 371 On a hostile position [he] rained a torrent of iron.

b. Of the nature or disposition of an enemy; unfriendly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [adjective]

foeish1566

hostile1782

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. Pref. 4 They all came in from a foreign and hostile quarter.

1821 J. Baillie Lady G. Baillie in Metrical Legends li The dame held fast the hostile door.

1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. II. 88 A second hostile rajah..was for some time kept as a state-prisoner.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 392 Men of different and hostile races.

2. transferred and figurative.

a. Unfriendly in feeling, action, nature, or character; contrary, adverse, antagonistic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]

witherwardc888

unholdc900

fremda1000

foeOE

hatelyOE

onwardOE

fiendlyc1050

witherc1175

unbaina1300

quedec1300

wrong1340

aliena1382

enemiablea1382

enemyfula1382

enemyc1384

ingrate1393

unfriendly1425

undisposed1456

oppugnanta1513

infest1513

enemious?1529

cold1557

enemylike1561

enemyly1573

ingratefulc1575

opposed1584

misliking1586

infestuous1593

infensive1596

infestious1597

affrontous1598

foe-hearted1598

ill-affecteda1599

inimicous1598

friendless?1611

haggardly1635

infensea1641

inimicitious1641

inimicitial1656

inimical1678

inamicable1683

indisposed1702

uneasy1725

hostile1791

adversarial1839

chilly1841

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1748 I. 101 The natives of North-Britain, to whom he is supposed to have been so hostile.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 114 The principal of putrefaction, or azote, the element hostile to life.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 231 A long succession of princes, hostile to the established faith, might sit on the English throne.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. v. 413 It is possible for two hostile principles to flourish side by side, without ever coming into collision.

b. to go hostile: to become angry. Australian and New Zealand colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry

wrethec900

wrothc975

abelghec1300

to move one's blood (also mood)c1330

to peck moodc1330

gremec1460

to take firea1513

fumec1522

sourdc1540

spitec1560

to set up the heckle1601

fire1604

exasperate1659

to fire up1779

to flash up1822

to get one's dander up1831

to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832

to have (also get) one's monkey up1833

to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837

rile1837

to go off the handle1839

to flare up1840

to set one's back up1845

to run hot1855

to wax up1859

to get one's rag out1862

blow1871

to get (also have) the pricker1871

to turn up rough1872

to get the needle1874

to blaze up1878

to get wet1898

spunk1898

to see red1901

to go crook1911

to get ignorant1913

to hit the ceiling1914

to hit the roof1921

to blow one's top1928

to lose one's rag1928

to lose one's haira1930

to go up in smoke1933

hackle1935

to have, get a cob on1937

to pop (also blow) one's cork1938

to go hostile1941

to go sparec1942

to do one's bun1944

to lose one's wool1944

to blow one's stack1947

to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950

rear1953

to get on ignorant1956

to go through the roof1958

to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964

to lose ita1969

to blow a gasket1975

to throw a wobbler1985

1941 W. D. Haydon N.Z. Soldiers 17 Wouldn't he go hostile if he knew who pinched his bacon.

1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. xv. 23 To go hostile means to become angry.

B. n.

A hostile person; spec. (U.S.) a North American Indian unfriendly to white people.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun]

witherwinc897

foemaneOE

i-foeOE

withersakec960

fiendc975

foeOE

witherlingc1000

unwine1050

unholda1200

andsetec1200

unfriendc1275

un-i-winec1275

adversaryc1350

enemy1362

hatera1382

evil-willinga1400

fedea1400

contraryc1405

inimi1423

overthwarter?c1450

evil-willer1460

Moabitea1461

heavy friend?1518

Satanas1530

adverse1593

malengine1601

distresser1616

viand1616

hostile1838

unfriendly1973

1838 N.-Y. Mirror 27 Jan. 245/3 Yesterday five Delaware chiefs, who had gone from the main army to the stronghold of the hostiles, reappeared with four Indians.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Hostiles, enemies. Western.

1880 Libr. Universal Knowl. X. 431 They were formerly hostiles, but..at present peaceable and industrious.

1885 Milnor (Dakota Territory) Teller 24 Apr. 5/3 Saturday a scouting-party..captured three hostiles.

1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Dec. 5/2 A courier has just arrived, and reports..that the hostiles are fighting with the friendly Indians on the Grand River.

1963 Guardian 8 Sept. 6/6 There were rumours that Naga hostiles were getting help from China.

1966 A. Firth Tall, Balding, Thirty-five iv. 48 It is most unlikely that a hostile could select such a person as yourself to assist them.

1969 Hindu 3 Aug. 1/5 A strong contingent of security forces has been rushed to..Ukhrul..to intercept over 400 China-trained Naga hostiles.

Compounds

hostile ice n. (see quot. 1966).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > with no holes for submarine

hostile ice1964

1964 Polar Record XII. 197 Hostile ice.

1966 T. Armstrong et al. Illustr. Gloss. Snow & Ice 19 Hostile ice, from the point of view of the submariner, an ice canopy containing no large ice skylights or other features which permit a submarine to surface.

hostile ord n. Naval slang an ordinary seaman who joins the Navy in wartime for the period of hostilities only.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [noun] > ordinary seaman

common sailor1698

ordinary seaman1702

OS1802

ranker1890

O.D.1916

hostile ord1919

erk1925

white hat1952

rate1977

1919 W. Lang Sea-lawyer's Log iii. 37 To the active service man the ‘hostile ord’, as the temporary seaman is called, is a mere interloper, one who has joined the Navy to ‘dodge Kitchener’, as they put it, and they do not hesitate to tell him so.

Derivatives

† hostile v. Obsolete to hostile it: to be hostile, engage in warlike hostilities.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > [verb (intransitive)]

to do with ——1608

to hostile it1656

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > be hostile [verb]

to hostile it1656

1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 8 Why may not Clients clearly injured by their Lawyer, or their Adversary, hostile it, and gather an Army?

1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 96 Had you just cause to invade and hostile it against us.

Draft additions 1993

Commerce. Of a takeover (bid), etc.: liable to be opposed by the management of the target company, unwelcome.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [adjective] > types of takeover (bid)

friendly1900

shut-out1969

hostile1972

Pac-Man1982

1972 Financial Executive Apr. 20/1 Hostile tenders and exchange offers are no longer as simple as they once were.

1987 Sunday Times 29 Nov. 70/3 He rolled out a hostile cash-and-convertible package worth £224m for Electronic Rentals three weeks ago.

1990 Business Apr. 81/2 Adia..launched a hostile bid for Hestair... When Hestair found a white knight, BET, Adia refused to enter a bidding war.

Draft additions September 2014

hostile takeover n. (a) a takeover which is opposed by the company to be bought (cf. Additions); frequently attributive, esp. in hostile takeover bid; (b) (in extended use) any assumption of control which is undertaken by stealth, or is strongly opposed or rejected by those it affects.

ΚΠ

1974 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Oct. 1/6 Top executives..are drafting contingency plans..in anticipation of hostile take-over attempts.

1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger xxvii. 581 He had no illusions about leading a revolution. He was merely executing—what was it called? A hostile takeover.

1990 Forbes 19 Feb. 10/3 Faley was severely squeezed after he won his $1.7 billion hostile takeover bid for West Point-Pepperell.

2002 Village Voice (N.Y.) 12 Feb. 8/1 The colonization and hostile takeover of schools..will ultimately displace..minority students.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hostile
释义	hostileadj.n. Brit. /ˈhɒstʌɪl/, U.S. /ˈhɑstl/, /ˈhɑˌstaɪl/ Forms: Also 1600s hostill. Etymology: < Latin hostīlis, < hostis enemy (see -ile suffix): perhaps through French hostile (15–16th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). A. adj. 1. a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an enemy; pertaining to or engaged in actual hostilities. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [adjective] hostile1597 society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [adjective] > hostile enemya1425 hostile1597 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 223 My dangerous attempt of hostile armes. View more context for this quotation 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 9 Nor bruise her flourets with the armed hoofes Of hostile paces. View more context for this quotation 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. ii. iv. 240 The King of Denmark who entred Germany in an hostil manner. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 337 By these Bars..the Hostile Arms of the Turks have been put to a stop. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 656 Thus great in glory from the din of war Safe he return'd, without one hostile scar. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 110 The operations of hostile armies. 1847 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Wks. (1906) I. 371 On a hostile position [he] rained a torrent of iron. b. Of the nature or disposition of an enemy; unfriendly. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [adjective] foeish1566 hostile1782 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. Pref. 4 They all came in from a foreign and hostile quarter. 1821 J. Baillie Lady G. Baillie in Metrical Legends li The dame held fast the hostile door. 1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. II. 88 A second hostile rajah..was for some time kept as a state-prisoner. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 392 Men of different and hostile races. 2. transferred and figurative. a. Unfriendly in feeling, action, nature, or character; contrary, adverse, antagonistic. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] witherwardc888 unholdc900 fremda1000 foeOE hatelyOE onwardOE fiendlyc1050 witherc1175 unbaina1300 quedec1300 wrong1340 aliena1382 enemiablea1382 enemyfula1382 enemyc1384 ingrate1393 unfriendly1425 undisposed1456 oppugnanta1513 infest1513 enemious?1529 cold1557 enemylike1561 enemyly1573 ingratefulc1575 opposed1584 misliking1586 infestuous1593 infensive1596 infestious1597 affrontous1598 foe-hearted1598 ill-affecteda1599 inimicous1598 friendless?1611 haggardly1635 infensea1641 inimicitious1641 inimicitial1656 inimical1678 inamicable1683 indisposed1702 uneasy1725 hostile1791 adversarial1839 chilly1841 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1748 I. 101 The natives of North-Britain, to whom he is supposed to have been so hostile. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 114 The principal of putrefaction, or azote, the element hostile to life. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 231 A long succession of princes, hostile to the established faith, might sit on the English throne. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) III. v. 413 It is possible for two hostile principles to flourish side by side, without ever coming into collision. b. to go hostile: to become angry. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry wrethec900 wrothc975 abelghec1300 to move one's blood (also mood)c1330 to peck moodc1330 gremec1460 to take firea1513 fumec1522 sourdc1540 spitec1560 to set up the heckle1601 fire1604 exasperate1659 to fire up1779 to flash up1822 to get one's dander up1831 to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832 to have (also get) one's monkey up1833 to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837 rile1837 to go off the handle1839 to flare up1840 to set one's back up1845 to run hot1855 to wax up1859 to get one's rag out1862 blow1871 to get (also have) the pricker1871 to turn up rough1872 to get the needle1874 to blaze up1878 to get wet1898 spunk1898 to see red1901 to go crook1911 to get ignorant1913 to hit the ceiling1914 to hit the roof1921 to blow one's top1928 to lose one's rag1928 to lose one's haira1930 to go up in smoke1933 hackle1935 to have, get a cob on1937 to pop (also blow) one's cork1938 to go hostile1941 to go sparec1942 to do one's bun1944 to lose one's wool1944 to blow one's stack1947 to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950 rear1953 to get on ignorant1956 to go through the roof1958 to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964 to lose ita1969 to blow a gasket1975 to throw a wobbler1985 1941 W. D. Haydon N.Z. Soldiers 17 Wouldn't he go hostile if he knew who pinched his bacon. 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. xv. 23 To go hostile means to become angry. B. n. A hostile person; spec. (U.S.) a North American Indian unfriendly to white people. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun] witherwinc897 foemaneOE i-foeOE withersakec960 fiendc975 foeOE witherlingc1000 unwine1050 unholda1200 andsetec1200 unfriendc1275 un-i-winec1275 adversaryc1350 enemy1362 hatera1382 evil-willinga1400 fedea1400 contraryc1405 inimi1423 overthwarter?c1450 evil-willer1460 Moabitea1461 heavy friend?1518 Satanas1530 adverse1593 malengine1601 distresser1616 viand1616 hostile1838 unfriendly1973 1838 N.-Y. Mirror 27 Jan. 245/3 Yesterday five Delaware chiefs, who had gone from the main army to the stronghold of the hostiles, reappeared with four Indians. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Hostiles, enemies. Western. 1880 Libr. Universal Knowl. X. 431 They were formerly hostiles, but..at present peaceable and industrious. 1885 Milnor (Dakota Territory) Teller 24 Apr. 5/3 Saturday a scouting-party..captured three hostiles. 1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Dec. 5/2 A courier has just arrived, and reports..that the hostiles are fighting with the friendly Indians on the Grand River. 1963 Guardian 8 Sept. 6/6 There were rumours that Naga hostiles were getting help from China. 1966 A. Firth Tall, Balding, Thirty-five iv. 48 It is most unlikely that a hostile could select such a person as yourself to assist them. 1969 Hindu 3 Aug. 1/5 A strong contingent of security forces has been rushed to..Ukhrul..to intercept over 400 China-trained Naga hostiles. Compounds hostile ice n. (see quot. 1966). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > with no holes for submarine hostile ice1964 1964 Polar Record XII. 197 Hostile ice. 1966 T. Armstrong et al. Illustr. Gloss. Snow & Ice 19 Hostile ice, from the point of view of the submariner, an ice canopy containing no large ice skylights or other features which permit a submarine to surface. hostile ord n. Naval slang an ordinary seaman who joins the Navy in wartime for the period of hostilities only. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > [noun] > ordinary seaman common sailor1698 ordinary seaman1702 OS1802 ranker1890 O.D.1916 hostile ord1919 erk1925 white hat1952 rate1977 1919 W. Lang Sea-lawyer's Log iii. 37 To the active service man the ‘hostile ord’, as the temporary seaman is called, is a mere interloper, one who has joined the Navy to ‘dodge Kitchener’, as they put it, and they do not hesitate to tell him so. Derivatives † hostile v. Obsolete to hostile it: to be hostile, engage in warlike hostilities. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [verb (intransitive)] to do with ——1608 to hostile it1656 the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > be hostile [verb] to hostile it1656 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 8 Why may not Clients clearly injured by their Lawyer, or their Adversary, hostile it, and gather an Army? 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 96 Had you just cause to invade and hostile it against us. Draft additions 1993 Commerce. Of a takeover (bid), etc.: liable to be opposed by the management of the target company, unwelcome. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > [adjective] > types of takeover (bid) friendly1900 shut-out1969 hostile1972 Pac-Man1982 1972 Financial Executive Apr. 20/1 Hostile tenders and exchange offers are no longer as simple as they once were. 1987 Sunday Times 29 Nov. 70/3 He rolled out a hostile cash-and-convertible package worth £224m for Electronic Rentals three weeks ago. 1990 Business Apr. 81/2 Adia..launched a hostile bid for Hestair... When Hestair found a white knight, BET, Adia refused to enter a bidding war. Draft additions September 2014 hostile takeover n. (a) a takeover which is opposed by the company to be bought (cf. Additions); frequently attributive, esp. in hostile takeover bid; (b) (in extended use) any assumption of control which is undertaken by stealth, or is strongly opposed or rejected by those it affects. ΚΠ 1974 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Oct. 1/6 Top executives..are drafting contingency plans..in anticipation of hostile take-over attempts. 1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger xxvii. 581 He had no illusions about leading a revolution. He was merely executing—what was it called? A hostile takeover. 1990 Forbes 19 Feb. 10/3 Faley was severely squeezed after he won his $1.7 billion hostile takeover bid for West Point-Pepperell. 2002 Village Voice (N.Y.) 12 Feb. 8/1 The colonization and hostile takeover of schools..will ultimately displace..minority students. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1597
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