heuristicn.adj.

Brit.

/hjʊəˈrɪstɪk/, U.S.

/hjʊˈrɪstɪk/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin; originally partly modelled on a French lexical tem, and partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: Latin heuristicus.

Etymology: Ultimately < post-classical Latin heuristicus (1728 or earlier), irregularly < the stem of ancient Greek εὑρίσκειν to find (see Eureka int.) + post-classical Latin -isticus -istic suffix. As noun originally after French †héuristique (1768 in the passage translated in quot. 1770 at sense A. 1; now heuristique ); compare German Heuristik (1750 or earlier). As adjective originally (in sense B. 1a) after German heuristisch (1743 or earlier). Compare earlier heuretic adj.

A. n.

1. = heuretic n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > [noun] > branches of logic

analytic?1566

metalogic1842

alethiology1852

stoicheiologya1856

heuristic1860

psycho-logic1912

criteriology1934

conventionalism1938

imperative logic1939

heuristics1946

1770 W. Hooper tr. J. F. von Bielfeld Elements Universal Erudition I. i. xxxix. 326 The heuristic [Fr. l'Héuristique], or art of invention, receives also assistance from logic.

1860 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 5) §35. 56 Logic may be regarded as Heuristic, or the Art of Discovering truth.

1945 G. Polya How to solve It 102 The aim of heuristic is to study the methods and rules of discovery and invention.

1957 Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 218 (heading) Empirical explorations of the logic theory machine. A case study of heuristic.

2. A heuristic process or method for problem-solving, decision-making, or discovery; a rule or piece of information used in such a process.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [noun] > process of

heuristics1946

heuristic1957

1957 A. Newell et al. in Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 223 A process that may solve a given problem, but offers no guarantees of doing so, is called a heuristic for that problem.

1966 Jrnl. Peace Res. 3 272/2 While game theory serves as a useful heuristic for describing elementary forms of strategic behaviour, it does not explain the behaviour.

1992 T. Cable in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 175 A useful heuristic is the assumption that certain lines of development within a tradition are more plausible than others.

2011 Irish Times (Nexis) 14 Mar. 14 We wouldn't have got out of the evolutionary environment without quick ways of making decisions and heuristics work very well in many contexts.

B. adj.

a. Of, relating to, or enabling discovery or problem-solving, esp. through relatively unstructured methods such as experimentation, evaluation, trial and error, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [adjective]

heuristic1798

1798 tr. I. Kant Ess. & Treat. I. 387 Many heuristic [Ger. heuristische] methods of thinking lie perhaps still concealed in the experience-use of our understanding and of reason.

1821 S. T. Coleridge Let. 8 Jan. (1971) V. 133 I am..getting regularly on with my Logic—in 3 parts—..3. Organic or Heuristic (εὑριστικόν).

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xix. 662 The ideas of reason are heuristic not ostensive: they enable us to ask a question, not to give the answer.

1890 J. F. Smith tr. O. Pfleiderer Devel. Theol. Germany iv. i. 321 Its proper place as an heuristic principle in practical sociology.

1955 Sci. Amer. July 72/3 Einstein's 1905 paper, for which (nominally) he had been awarded the Nobel prize, did not contain the word ‘theory’ in the title, but referred instead to considerations from a ‘heuristic viewpoint’.

1973 N.Y. Times 2 May 36/2 The kind of criticism being written now is looser, more fluid, more ad hoc and heuristic.

2004 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 37 135 The heuristic possibilities offered by the new methods of mathematical quantification.

b. Psychology. Designating or relating to decision making that is performed through intuition or common sense.

ΚΠ

1972 A. Tversky & D. Kahneman in Cognitive Psychol. 3 430 The present heuristic approach is contrasted with the normative (Bayesian) approach to the analysis of the judgement of uncertainty.

1988 L. J. Rips in R. J. Sternberg Psychol. Human Thought v. 141 Heuristic methods may well be part of the story of why subjects commit the errors they do.

2005 Jrnl. Consumer Res. 32 154/2 Whereas anger leads to heuristic processing, sadness leads to relatively more systematic processing.

2. Education. Of or relating to an educational method or resource that enables students or children to learn by making discoveries for themselves, rather than being directed.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [adjective] > system of education

Lancasterian1807

heuristical1819

Pestalozzian1826

heuristic1844

progressive1860

Philanthropinist1864

Chautauqua1873

Froebelian1873

Fröbel1875

co-educational1881

extramural1884

Arnoldian1888

co-ed1889

Montessori1912

Montessorian1912

work–study1924

essentialist1938

bilateral1947

Piagetian1960

open-ended1961

home-schooling1963

Nuffield1964

binary1965

1844 Bibliotheca Sacra Nov. 727 The style which incites the student to find out the truth for himself, the heuristic.., Socratic method.

1884 in Spec. Rep. Educ. II. 390 in Parl. Papers 1898 (C. 8943) XXIV. 1 The heuristic method is the only method to be applied in the pure sciences; it is the best method in the teaching of the applied sciences.

1898 H. E. Armstrong in Spec. Rep. Educ. II. 390 in Parl. Papers 1898 (C. 8943) XXIV. 1 Heuristic methods of teaching are methods which involve our placing students as far as possible in the attitude of the discoverer—methods which involve their finding out, instead of merely being told about things.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 80/2 Science-teaching should always be permeated by a heuristic bias (i.e. methods of investigation must be used whenever possible).

1992 E. Goldschmied & A. Hughes (National Children's Bureau) (title of video recording) Heuristic Play with Objects: children of 12–20 months exploring everyday objects.

2006 Business Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 4 Aug. It is about giving students a heuristic experience, to equip them with the core skills of legal reasoning.

3. Computing. Of a program: that solves problems or makes decisions by trial and error or through empirically-derived rules (often used to obtain approximations when more formal or exact methods are too slow or complex). Also: relating to or involving such a program.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [adjective] > using problem-solving

heuristic1958

1958 H. A. Simon & A. Newell in Operations Res. 6 8 With the aid of heuristic programs, we will help man obey the ancient injunction: Know thyself.

1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 235 The heuristic program should be able to judge whether the problem is closer to solution after each attempt.

1981 New Scientist 1 Oct. 53/1 The world of artificial intelligence is the world of symbolic computation and heuristic programming.

2011 C. Barski Land of Lisp xviii. 389 It's possible that tweaking the knobs on the heuristic code in different ways could dramatically improve our results.

Derivatives

heuˈristically adv. [after German heuristisch, adverb (1800 in the passage translated in quot. 1819, or earlier)] in a heuristic manner; with respect to discovery or learning by heuristic methods or processes.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [adverb]

heuristically1819

1819 J. Richardson tr. I. Kant Logic i. xxi. 144 When universal propositions..cannot be perspected in their universality, they..cannot hold heuristically [Ger. heuristisch] in the application.

1935 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 36 314 The belief that the world's orderedness or knowability is an expression of mind, and that the category of purpose..is applicable to it otherwise than heuristically.

1968 P. A. P. Moran Introd. Probability Theory ix. 441 On solving this problem heuristically it is found that u(t), also, is a random process.

2004 M. Crichton State of Fear vi. 451 I tested that hypothesis and found it heuristically valuable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	heuristic
释义	heuristicn.adj. Brit. /hjʊəˈrɪstɪk/, U.S. /hjʊˈrɪstɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin; originally partly modelled on a French lexical tem, and partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: Latin heuristicus. Etymology: Ultimately < post-classical Latin heuristicus (1728 or earlier), irregularly < the stem of ancient Greek εὑρίσκειν to find (see Eureka int.) + post-classical Latin -isticus -istic suffix. As noun originally after French †héuristique (1768 in the passage translated in quot. 1770 at sense A. 1; now heuristique ); compare German Heuristik (1750 or earlier). As adjective originally (in sense B. 1a) after German heuristisch (1743 or earlier). Compare earlier heuretic adj. A. n. 1. = heuretic n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > [noun] > branches of logic analytic?1566 metalogic1842 alethiology1852 stoicheiologya1856 heuristic1860 psycho-logic1912 criteriology1934 conventionalism1938 imperative logic1939 heuristics1946 1770 W. Hooper tr. J. F. von Bielfeld Elements Universal Erudition I. i. xxxix. 326 The heuristic [Fr. l'Héuristique], or art of invention, receives also assistance from logic. 1860 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 5) §35. 56 Logic may be regarded as Heuristic, or the Art of Discovering truth. 1945 G. Polya How to solve It 102 The aim of heuristic is to study the methods and rules of discovery and invention. 1957 Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 218 (heading) Empirical explorations of the logic theory machine. A case study of heuristic. 2. A heuristic process or method for problem-solving, decision-making, or discovery; a rule or piece of information used in such a process. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [noun] > process of heuristics1946 heuristic1957 1957 A. Newell et al. in Proc. IRE-AIEE-ACM Western Joint Computer Conf. 223 A process that may solve a given problem, but offers no guarantees of doing so, is called a heuristic for that problem. 1966 Jrnl. Peace Res. 3 272/2 While game theory serves as a useful heuristic for describing elementary forms of strategic behaviour, it does not explain the behaviour. 1992 T. Cable in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 175 A useful heuristic is the assumption that certain lines of development within a tradition are more plausible than others. 2011 Irish Times (Nexis) 14 Mar. 14 We wouldn't have got out of the evolutionary environment without quick ways of making decisions and heuristics work very well in many contexts. B. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, or enabling discovery or problem-solving, esp. through relatively unstructured methods such as experimentation, evaluation, trial and error, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [adjective] heuristic1798 1798 tr. I. Kant Ess. & Treat. I. 387 Many heuristic [Ger. heuristische] methods of thinking lie perhaps still concealed in the experience-use of our understanding and of reason. 1821 S. T. Coleridge Let. 8 Jan. (1971) V. 133 I am..getting regularly on with my Logic—in 3 parts—..3. Organic or Heuristic (εὑριστικόν). 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xix. 662 The ideas of reason are heuristic not ostensive: they enable us to ask a question, not to give the answer. 1890 J. F. Smith tr. O. Pfleiderer Devel. Theol. Germany iv. i. 321 Its proper place as an heuristic principle in practical sociology. 1955 Sci. Amer. July 72/3 Einstein's 1905 paper, for which (nominally) he had been awarded the Nobel prize, did not contain the word ‘theory’ in the title, but referred instead to considerations from a ‘heuristic viewpoint’. 1973 N.Y. Times 2 May 36/2 The kind of criticism being written now is looser, more fluid, more ad hoc and heuristic. 2004 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 37 135 The heuristic possibilities offered by the new methods of mathematical quantification. b. Psychology. Designating or relating to decision making that is performed through intuition or common sense. ΚΠ 1972 A. Tversky & D. Kahneman in Cognitive Psychol. 3 430 The present heuristic approach is contrasted with the normative (Bayesian) approach to the analysis of the judgement of uncertainty. 1988 L. J. Rips in R. J. Sternberg Psychol. Human Thought v. 141 Heuristic methods may well be part of the story of why subjects commit the errors they do. 2005 Jrnl. Consumer Res. 32 154/2 Whereas anger leads to heuristic processing, sadness leads to relatively more systematic processing. 2. Education. Of or relating to an educational method or resource that enables students or children to learn by making discoveries for themselves, rather than being directed. ΘΚΠ society > education > [adjective] > system of education Lancasterian1807 heuristical1819 Pestalozzian1826 heuristic1844 progressive1860 Philanthropinist1864 Chautauqua1873 Froebelian1873 Fröbel1875 co-educational1881 extramural1884 Arnoldian1888 co-ed1889 Montessori1912 Montessorian1912 work–study1924 essentialist1938 bilateral1947 Piagetian1960 open-ended1961 home-schooling1963 Nuffield1964 binary1965 1844 Bibliotheca Sacra Nov. 727 The style which incites the student to find out the truth for himself, the heuristic.., Socratic method. 1884 in Spec. Rep. Educ. II. 390 in Parl. Papers 1898 (C. 8943) XXIV. 1 The heuristic method is the only method to be applied in the pure sciences; it is the best method in the teaching of the applied sciences. 1898 H. E. Armstrong in Spec. Rep. Educ. II. 390 in Parl. Papers 1898 (C. 8943) XXIV. 1 Heuristic methods of teaching are methods which involve our placing students as far as possible in the attitude of the discoverer—methods which involve their finding out, instead of merely being told about things. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 80/2 Science-teaching should always be permeated by a heuristic bias (i.e. methods of investigation must be used whenever possible). 1992 E. Goldschmied & A. Hughes (National Children's Bureau) (title of video recording) Heuristic Play with Objects: children of 12–20 months exploring everyday objects. 2006 Business Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 4 Aug. It is about giving students a heuristic experience, to equip them with the core skills of legal reasoning. 3. Computing. Of a program: that solves problems or makes decisions by trial and error or through empirically-derived rules (often used to obtain approximations when more formal or exact methods are too slow or complex). Also: relating to or involving such a program. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [adjective] > using problem-solving heuristic1958 1958 H. A. Simon & A. Newell in Operations Res. 6 8 With the aid of heuristic programs, we will help man obey the ancient injunction: Know thyself. 1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 235 The heuristic program should be able to judge whether the problem is closer to solution after each attempt. 1981 New Scientist 1 Oct. 53/1 The world of artificial intelligence is the world of symbolic computation and heuristic programming. 2011 C. Barski Land of Lisp xviii. 389 It's possible that tweaking the knobs on the heuristic code in different ways could dramatically improve our results. Derivatives heuˈristically adv. [after German heuristisch, adverb (1800 in the passage translated in quot. 1819, or earlier)] in a heuristic manner; with respect to discovery or learning by heuristic methods or processes. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [adverb] heuristically1819 1819 J. Richardson tr. I. Kant Logic i. xxi. 144 When universal propositions..cannot be perspected in their universality, they..cannot hold heuristically [Ger. heuristisch] in the application. 1935 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 36 314 The belief that the world's orderedness or knowability is an expression of mind, and that the category of purpose..is applicable to it otherwise than heuristically. 1968 P. A. P. Moran Introd. Probability Theory ix. 441 On solving this problem heuristically it is found that u(t), also, is a random process. 2004 M. Crichton State of Fear vi. 451 I tested that hypothesis and found it heuristically valuable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1770
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