hestn.

Brit.

/hɛst/, U.S.

/hɛst/

Forms: α. Old English hǽs, Middle English hes, hæs, heas, has. β. hesn. γ. Middle English–1500s heste, Middle English– hest, (Middle English haste, Middle English–1600s heast, heest(e, Middle English–1500s heaste, 1500s Scottish heist).

Etymology: Old English hǽs (feminine) (inflected hǽse ) was the regular representation of Old Germanic *hait-ti-, abstract noun < haitan ‘to call upon by name’, Old English hátan : see hight v.¹; thence early Middle English hæs (has), heas, hes (inflected -e), altered to heste, hest, by assimilation to nouns in Middle English -te < Old English -t, as ishefte, wiste, Old English gesceaft, wist, < scięppan, wesan. The early plural of this was hesten. In 12th cent., there was also a derivative in -n, hesn, inflected hesne.

archaic.

1. Bidding, command, injunction, behest. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun]

willeOE

i-bodc888

bodea1000

hestc1000

bedec1175

bodewordc1175

device1307

commandmentc1386

assignment1393

hetec1394

commandinga1400

commissionc1400

willinga1425

mandament1442

behesting1582

command1611

assign1633

jussion1773

α.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxiii. 210 On ðisum and swylcum is gebed and na hæs.

c1000 Ælfric Gen. xxiv. 10 Be his hlafordes hæse.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3537 Þurrh þatt kaseress hæse.

a1200 Moral Ode 292 Nout of godes bode ne of godes hese [v.r. hease].

a1200 Moral Ode 345 Þe narewei is godes hes [v.r. has].

β. a1175 Cott. Hom. 229 He ȝestilde windes mid his hesne.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 139 To techen þe folke godes hesne to done, þe lewede godes hesne for to heren.γ. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 Þa ilke þa haldet cristes heste.a1225 Leg. Kath. 48 [He] sende heast & bode, se wide se þe lond was.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 6 Þeos..beoð godes hestes.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. ii. 82 Vnboxome and bolde to breke þe ten hestes.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 465 Teching the doctrines and the heestis of men.1609 Sir R. Shirley in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 93 Perform those heasts, which the great Persian..hath imposed upon thy integrity.a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. i. 37 O my Father, I haue broke your hest to say so. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter ii. 11 They stand round about the Lord..and execute his imposed hests like ready servants.1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 63 Christian or heathen, you shall swear to do my hest.1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. v. vi. 602 Standing like a hackney-coach..at the hest of a discerning public and its shilling.

†2. Vow, promise. Cf. behest n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun]

hoteOE

behotec1000

behesta1200

hesta1200

troth?c1225

quidec1275

promissiona1325

hightc1330

avauntc1380

grantc1380

forbehesta1400

promise1423

promit1462

behete1470

fiance1470

behightc1475

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath

hesta1200

vow1297

professionc1300

sermenta1325

avow1330

sacrament1430

votec1540

troth-plight1570

upon my Sam1939

advower-

a1200 Moral Ode 242 Þa þe gode biheten heste and nolden hit ileste.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 6453 Þis ys þe heste [v.r. hete] þat y þe hight.

c1350 Leg. Rood (1871) 74 To þe land of hest þat ȝam was hight.

c1400 Rom. Rose 4477 Whanne heest and deede..varie, They doon a gret contrarie.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2243 Fy! what? a lorde breke his heste or bonde?

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xi. [x.] 84 Thi moderis heist on na wis nedis the dout.

1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 141 She thought it best To stand vnto her former plighted hest.

1599 Life Sir T. More in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 46 To thee sweet Rose, by hest is this homage more than dewe.

†3. Will, purpose, determination. Obsolete.Apparently arising from an imperfect comprehension of sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun]

willeOE

hearteOE

i-willc888

self-willeOE

intent?c1225

device1303

couragec1320

talentc1325

greec1330

voluntyc1330

fantasyc1374

likinga1375

disposingc1380

pleasancea1382

affectionc1390

wish1390

disposition1393

affecta1398

likea1400

lista1400

pleasingc1400

emplesance1424

pleasurec1425

well-willingc1443

notiona1450

mindc1450

fancy1465

empleseur1473

hest?a1513

plighta1535

inclination1541

cue1567

month's mind1580

disposedness1583

leaning1587

humour1595

wouldings1613

beneplacit1643

wouldingness1645

vergency1649

bene-placiture1662

good liking1690

draught1758

tida1774

inkling1787

the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose

willeOE

highOE

thoughtOE

intent?c1225

achesounc1230

attenta1250

couragec1320

devicec1320

minda1325

studya1382

understanding1382

suggestionc1390

meaninga1393

i-minda1400

minta1400

tent1399

castc1400

ettlingc1400

affecta1425

advicec1425

intention1430

purposec1430

proposea1450

intendment1450

supposing?c1450

pretensionc1456

intellectionc1460

zeal1492

hest?a1513

minting?a1513

institute?1520

intendingc1525

mindfulness1530

cogitationa1538

fordrift1549

forecast1549

designing1566

tention1587

levela1591

intendiment1595

design1597

suppose1597

aim1598

regarda1616

idea1617

contemplationa1631

speculation1631

way of thinking1650

designation1658

tend1663

would1753

predetermination1764

will to art1920

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 He..handlit hir, as he had hest.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 40 In one heast hee stieflye remayned.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Psalmes Dauid i, in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 86 But in the sound law of the lord His mynd, or heast is resiaunt.

1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 317 Swallowing in silence as his hest was.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† hestv.

Etymology: < hest n. Compare behest v.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To promise.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)]

swearc825

hightOE

behighta1000

behestc1175

bespeakc1320

queatha1325

vow1338

avowc1374

undertakec1385

forhighta1400

forsweara1400

hest14..

promitc1422

promise1430

protest1430

to swear outa1440

to swear to ——1598

pollicitate1657

14.. Cast. Love (Halliw.) 411 Tho thu to him thy hest hestyst [earlier MS. hiȝtest], Thorgh sothe then deth to him thou hettyst.

c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 92 Ther hested I, as myn hert thought, To serve my God with hertyly love.

2. To bid, command.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)]

i-bedea800

highteOE

bid971

bibedec1000

ordainc1325

warnc1380

commanda1382

tella1475

mand1483

wishc1515

hest1582

behight1591

order1609

mandate1623

warrant1632

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 74 He persisting too doo what Iuppiter heasted, Sturd not an eye.

3. To grant (a wish).

ΚΠ

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 67 Thy long wish is hested [L. habes, tota quod mente petisti].

Derivatives

ˈhesting n. purpose, design. (Cf. hest n. 3.)

ΚΠ

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 24 This guest ful slylye dyd offer Hym self for captiue, thearby too coompas his heasting.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	hest
释义	hestn. Brit. /hɛst/, U.S. /hɛst/ Forms: α. Old English hǽs, Middle English hes, hæs, heas, has. β. hesn. γ. Middle English–1500s heste, Middle English– hest, (Middle English haste, Middle English–1600s heast, heest(e, Middle English–1500s heaste, 1500s Scottish heist). Etymology: Old English hǽs (feminine) (inflected hǽse ) was the regular representation of Old Germanic hait-ti-, abstract noun < haitan* ‘to call upon by name’, Old English hátan : see hight v.¹; thence early Middle English hæs (has), heas, hes (inflected -e), altered to heste, hest, by assimilation to nouns in Middle English -te < Old English -t, as ishefte, wiste, Old English gesceaft, wist, < scięppan, wesan. The early plural of this was hesten. In 12th cent., there was also a derivative in -n, hesn, inflected hesne. archaic. 1. Bidding, command, injunction, behest. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] willeOE i-bodc888 bodea1000 hestc1000 bedec1175 bodewordc1175 device1307 commandmentc1386 assignment1393 hetec1394 commandinga1400 commissionc1400 willinga1425 mandament1442 behesting1582 command1611 assign1633 jussion1773 α. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxiii. 210 On ðisum and swylcum is gebed and na hæs. c1000 Ælfric Gen. xxiv. 10 Be his hlafordes hæse. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3537 Þurrh þatt kaseress hæse. a1200 Moral Ode 292 Nout of godes bode ne of godes hese [v.r. hease]. a1200 Moral Ode 345 Þe narewei is godes hes [v.r. has]. β. a1175 Cott. Hom. 229 He ȝestilde windes mid his hesne.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 139 To techen þe folke godes hesne to done, þe lewede godes hesne for to heren.γ. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 Þa ilke þa haldet cristes heste.a1225 Leg. Kath. 48 [He] sende heast & bode, se wide se þe lond was.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 6 Þeos..beoð godes hestes.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. ii. 82 Vnboxome and bolde to breke þe ten hestes.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 465 Teching the doctrines and the heestis of men.1609 Sir R. Shirley in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 93 Perform those heasts, which the great Persian..hath imposed upon thy integrity.a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. i. 37 O my Father, I haue broke your hest to say so. View more context for this quotation1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter ii. 11 They stand round about the Lord..and execute his imposed hests like ready servants.1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 63 Christian or heathen, you shall swear to do my hest.1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. v. vi. 602 Standing like a hackney-coach..at the hest of a discerning public and its shilling. †2. Vow, promise. Cf. behest n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] hoteOE behotec1000 behesta1200 hesta1200 troth?c1225 quidec1275 promissiona1325 hightc1330 avauntc1380 grantc1380 forbehesta1400 promise1423 promit1462 behete1470 fiance1470 behightc1475 the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath hesta1200 vow1297 professionc1300 sermenta1325 avow1330 sacrament1430 votec1540 troth-plight1570 upon my Sam1939 advower- a1200 Moral Ode 242 Þa þe gode biheten heste and nolden hit ileste. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 6453 Þis ys þe heste [v.r. hete] þat y þe hight. c1350 Leg. Rood (1871) 74 To þe land of hest þat ȝam was hight. c1400 Rom. Rose 4477 Whanne heest and deede..varie, They doon a gret contrarie. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2243 Fy! what? a lorde breke his heste or bonde? 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xi. [x.] 84 Thi moderis heist on na wis nedis the dout. 1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 141 She thought it best To stand vnto her former plighted hest. 1599 Life Sir T. More in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 46 To thee sweet Rose, by hest is this homage more than dewe. †3. Will, purpose, determination. Obsolete.Apparently arising from an imperfect comprehension of sense 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] willeOE hearteOE i-willc888 self-willeOE intent?c1225 device1303 couragec1320 talentc1325 greec1330 voluntyc1330 fantasyc1374 likinga1375 disposingc1380 pleasancea1382 affectionc1390 wish1390 disposition1393 affecta1398 likea1400 lista1400 pleasingc1400 emplesance1424 pleasurec1425 well-willingc1443 notiona1450 mindc1450 fancy1465 empleseur1473 hest?a1513 plighta1535 inclination1541 cue1567 month's mind1580 disposedness1583 leaning1587 humour1595 wouldings1613 beneplacit1643 wouldingness1645 vergency1649 bene-placiture1662 good liking1690 draught1758 tida1774 inkling1787 the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose willeOE highOE thoughtOE intent?c1225 achesounc1230 attenta1250 couragec1320 devicec1320 minda1325 studya1382 understanding1382 suggestionc1390 meaninga1393 i-minda1400 minta1400 tent1399 castc1400 ettlingc1400 affecta1425 advicec1425 intention1430 purposec1430 proposea1450 intendment1450 supposing?c1450 pretensionc1456 intellectionc1460 zeal1492 hest?a1513 minting?a1513 institute?1520 intendingc1525 mindfulness1530 cogitationa1538 fordrift1549 forecast1549 designing1566 tention1587 levela1591 intendiment1595 design1597 suppose1597 aim1598 regarda1616 idea1617 contemplationa1631 speculation1631 view1634 way of thinking1650 designation1658 tend1663 would1753 predetermination1764 will to art1920 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 He..handlit hir, as he had hest. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 40 In one heast hee stieflye remayned. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Psalmes Dauid i, in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 86 But in the sound law of the lord His mynd, or heast is resiaunt. 1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 317 Swallowing in silence as his hest was. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † hestv. Etymology: < hest n. Compare behest v. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To promise. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] swearc825 hightOE behighta1000 behestc1175 bespeakc1320 queatha1325 vow1338 avowc1374 undertakec1385 forhighta1400 forsweara1400 hest14.. promitc1422 promise1430 protest1430 to swear outa1440 to swear to ——1598 pollicitate1657 14.. Cast. Love (Halliw.) 411 Tho thu to him thy hest hestyst [earlier MS. hiȝtest], Thorgh sothe then deth to him thou hettyst. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 92 Ther hested I, as myn hert thought, To serve my God with hertyly love. 2. To bid, command. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] i-bedea800 highteOE bid971 bibedec1000 ordainc1325 warnc1380 commanda1382 tella1475 mand1483 wishc1515 hest1582 behight1591 order1609 mandate1623 warrant1632 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 74 He persisting too doo what Iuppiter heasted, Sturd not an eye. 3. To grant (a wish). ΚΠ 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 67 Thy long wish is hested [L. habes, tota quod mente petisti]. Derivatives ˈhesting n. purpose, design. (Cf. hest n. 3.) ΚΠ 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 24 This guest ful slylye dyd offer Hym self for captiue, thearby too coompas his heasting. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1000v.14..
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