Hessianadj.n.¹

Brit.

/ˈhɛsɪən/, U.S.

/ˈhɛʃən/

Etymology: < Hesse, a state in Germany + -ian suffix.

A. adj.

Of or pertaining to Hesse in Germany. Hessian bellows n. a kind of bellows with the fan inside to furnish the blast. Hessian bit n. ‘a peculiar kind of jointed bit for bridles’ (Ogilvie). Hessian boot n. a kind of high boot, with tassels in front at the top, first worn by Hessian troops, and fashionable early in the 19th century. Hessian crucible n. (see quot. 1874). Hessian fly n. a fly or midge ( Cecidomyia destructor), of which the larva is very destructive to wheat; so named, because it was erroneously supposed to have been carried into America by Hessian troops, during the War of Independence.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > bellows > types of

Hessian bellows1705

piston bellows1850

pulsera1903

pulsometera1903

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Nematocera > family Cecidomyiidae > member of (wheat midge)

Hessian fly1787

wheat-fly1798

wheat-insect1819

wheat-midge1840

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels

crossletc1386

testc1386

cruciblea1475

spoon1496

melting pot1545

cruset1558

fining pot1560

hooker1594

cupel1605

crusoile1613

crisol1622

melt pot1637

muffle1644

crevet1658

coffin1686

sand-pot1758

Hessian crucible1807

pan1839

shank1843

casting-pot1846

king pot1862

converter1867

washpot1879

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > high or long > types of

jockey-boot1683

top-boot1768

Cossack boot1805

wellington boot1815

Hessian boot1834

jockey1851

Napoleon1853

Napoleon boot1860

jockey-leg1862

larrigan1886

kamik1891

mukluk1898

cruiser1902

jockey-back1909

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 250 He hath discovered also the mystery of the Hessian wares.

1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1992 A Furnace, to which the Hessian Bellows will be very useful.

1787 M. Cutler Jrnl. 12 July in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 246 Here I saw the Hessian fly, as it is called, which has done immense injury to wheat.

1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 92 Their method of proceeding was to apply a violent heat to the earths, which were surrounded with charcoal in a Hessian crucible.

1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1856) 26 In 1788 an alarm was excited in this country by the probability of importing, in cargoes of wheat from North America, the insect known by the name of the Hessian fly.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. i. 9 A man..dressed in blue cotton-net pantaloons and Hessian boots.

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 652/1 Hessian crucibles are made of the best fire-clay and coarse sand..They are used in this country [United States] in all experiments where fluxes are needed.

1890 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects (ed. 2) 79 The year 1886 was memorable, agriculturally, for the appearance of the Hessian Fly as a pest of the Wheat and Barley in Great Britain.

1897 Sir A. West in 19th Cent. Apr. 640 In the early days of Her Majesty's reign..Hessian boots were common: the last man to wear them was Mr. Stephenson, a Commissioner of Excise..who wore them to the day of his death in 1858.

B. n.¹

1. A native of Hesse in Germany; a soldier of or from that region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of

Easterling1253

Sprucier1443

Suevian1549

High German1550

Low German1550

Prussian1554

Lusatian1555

Westphalian1576

Borussian1607

Rhinelander1608

Eastman1610

Belgic1615

Franconian1615

Thuringian1618

Swab1637

spruce1640

Silesian1669

Swabian1675

palatinate1709

Hessian1729

Saxon1737

Austrasian1833

East German1838

Balt1854

West German1855

Württemberger1896

Sudeten1938

East German1947

West German1947

Saarlander1955

Ossi1989

Wessi1990

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > German

Hessian1729

Kraut1862

Fritz1887

Heinie1904

Fritzie1915

strafer1915

Jerry1916

pickelhaube1931

feldgrau1934

Ted1947

1729 A. Irwin Let. 1 Feb. in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1897) App. vi. 56 The House..voted 30,000 English and 12,000 Hessians, which is the same number I think we had last year.

1776 Jrnls. Continental Congr. 1774–89 (Libr. of Congr.) (1906) V. 640 The Hessians, and other foreigners, employed by the King of Great Britain.

1846 Knickerbocker 27 559 A Montreal editor [noted] the demise at that city of an old Hessian who was in Burgoyne's army when he surrendered.

1872 C. Gibbon For King xi Everything depended on the whim of the dragoons and Hessians.

2. In U.S., A military or political hireling, a mercenary.From the employment of Hessian troops by the British government in the American War of Independence. During the War of Secession, it was again used in the South as a term of obloquy for the Federal soldiers.

ΚΠ

1877 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4)

3. (hessians.) Short for Hessian boot n. at sense A.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > high or long > boots

stand-ups1590

Hessian1806

pipe1819

butcher boots1860

1806 C. Lamb Mr. H—— i, in Wks. 578 Blank Dr. to Zedkiel Spanish for one pair of best hessians.

1888 Daily Tel. 1 June 5/1 Plain blue surtout, the buckskins and hessians..of Wellington at Waterloo.

4. A strong coarse cloth, made of a mixture of hemp and jute, employed for the packing of bales ( Dict. Needlework 1882).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > other

handleband1532

burlap1695

hop-bagging1705

gunny1711

burrass1808

Hessian1881

hop-sacking1884

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic 366 A piece of strong canvas or hessian should be tacked to the edges of the board.

1891 Times 28 Sept. 3/5 The demand for hessians has fallen off a little.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hessian
释义	Hessiann.² Brit. /ˈhɛsɪən/, U.S. /ˈhɛʃən/ Etymology: < the name of Dr. Otto Hesse of Königsberg, who showed (in 1844) the importance of this covariant. Mathematics. The Jacobian of the first derivatives of a function. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function > covariance or covariant Jacobian1852 covariant1853 Hessian1856 transmutant1858 transvectant1876 covariance1878 segregate1878 covariancy1895 1856 Cayley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 636 The Hessian is the determinant formed with the second differential co~efficients or derived functions of the quantic with respect to the several facients. 1880 R. F. Scott Theory of Determinants 143 Jacobians and Hessians belong to that class of functions known as covariants. 1895 E. B. Elliott Algebra of Quantics 14. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Hessianadj.n.¹ Brit. /ˈhɛsɪən/, U.S. /ˈhɛʃən/ Etymology: < Hesse, a state in Germany + -ian suffix. A. adj. Of or pertaining to Hesse in Germany. Hessian bellows n. a kind of bellows with the fan inside to furnish the blast. Hessian bit n. ‘a peculiar kind of jointed bit for bridles’ (Ogilvie). Hessian boot n. a kind of high boot, with tassels in front at the top, first worn by Hessian troops, and fashionable early in the 19th century. Hessian crucible n. (see quot. 1874). Hessian fly n. a fly or midge ( Cecidomyia destructor), of which the larva is very destructive to wheat; so named, because it was erroneously supposed to have been carried into America by Hessian troops, during the War of Independence. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > bellows > types of Hessian bellows1705 piston bellows1850 pulsera1903 pulsometera1903 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Nematocera > family Cecidomyiidae > member of (wheat midge) Hessian fly1787 wheat-fly1798 wheat-insect1819 wheat-midge1840 society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels crossletc1386 testc1386 cruciblea1475 spoon1496 melting pot1545 cruset1558 fining pot1560 hooker1594 cupel1605 crusoile1613 crisol1622 melt pot1637 muffle1644 crevet1658 coffin1686 sand-pot1758 Hessian crucible1807 pan1839 shank1843 casting-pot1846 king pot1862 converter1867 washpot1879 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > high or long > types of jockey-boot1683 top-boot1768 Cossack boot1805 wellington boot1815 Hessian boot1834 jockey1851 Napoleon1853 Napoleon boot1860 jockey-leg1862 larrigan1886 kamik1891 mukluk1898 cruiser1902 jockey-back1909 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 250 He hath discovered also the mystery of the Hessian wares. 1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1992 A Furnace, to which the Hessian Bellows will be very useful. 1787 M. Cutler Jrnl. 12 July in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 246 Here I saw the Hessian fly, as it is called, which has done immense injury to wheat. 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 92 Their method of proceeding was to apply a violent heat to the earths, which were surrounded with charcoal in a Hessian crucible. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1856) 26 In 1788 an alarm was excited in this country by the probability of importing, in cargoes of wheat from North America, the insect known by the name of the Hessian fly. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. i. 9 A man..dressed in blue cotton-net pantaloons and Hessian boots. 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 652/1 Hessian crucibles are made of the best fire-clay and coarse sand..They are used in this country [United States] in all experiments where fluxes are needed. 1890 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects (ed. 2) 79 The year 1886 was memorable, agriculturally, for the appearance of the Hessian Fly as a pest of the Wheat and Barley in Great Britain. 1897 Sir A. West in 19th Cent. Apr. 640 In the early days of Her Majesty's reign..Hessian boots were common: the last man to wear them was Mr. Stephenson, a Commissioner of Excise..who wore them to the day of his death in 1858. B. n.¹ 1. A native of Hesse in Germany; a soldier of or from that region. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of Easterling1253 Sprucier1443 Suevian1549 High German1550 Low German1550 Prussian1554 Lusatian1555 Westphalian1576 Borussian1607 Rhinelander1608 Eastman1610 Belgic1615 Franconian1615 Thuringian1618 Swab1637 spruce1640 Silesian1669 Swabian1675 palatinate1709 Hessian1729 Saxon1737 Austrasian1833 East German1838 Balt1854 West German1855 Württemberger1896 Sudeten1938 East German1947 West German1947 Saarlander1955 Ossi1989 Wessi1990 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > German Hessian1729 Kraut1862 Fritz1887 Heinie1904 Fritzie1915 strafer1915 Jerry1916 pickelhaube1931 feldgrau1934 Ted1947 1729 A. Irwin Let. 1 Feb. in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1897) App. vi. 56 The House..voted 30,000 English and 12,000 Hessians, which is the same number I think we had last year. 1776 Jrnls. Continental Congr. 1774–89 (Libr. of Congr.) (1906) V. 640 The Hessians, and other foreigners, employed by the King of Great Britain. 1846 Knickerbocker 27 559 A Montreal editor [noted] the demise at that city of an old Hessian who was in Burgoyne's army when he surrendered. 1872 C. Gibbon For King xi Everything depended on the whim of the dragoons and Hessians. 2. In U.S., A military or political hireling, a mercenary.From the employment of Hessian troops by the British government in the American War of Independence. During the War of Secession, it was again used in the South as a term of obloquy for the Federal soldiers. ΚΠ 1877 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) 3. (hessians.) Short for Hessian boot n. at sense A. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > high or long > boots stand-ups1590 Hessian1806 pipe1819 butcher boots1860 1806 C. Lamb Mr. H—— i, in Wks. 578 Blank Dr. to Zedkiel Spanish for one pair of best hessians. 1888 Daily Tel. 1 June 5/1 Plain blue surtout, the buckskins and hessians..of Wellington at Waterloo. 4. A strong coarse cloth, made of a mixture of hemp and jute, employed for the packing of bales ( Dict. Needlework 1882). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > other handleband1532 burlap1695 hop-bagging1705 gunny1711 burrass1808 Hessian1881 hop-sacking1884 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic 366 A piece of strong canvas or hessian should be tacked to the edges of the board. 1891 Times 28 Sept. 3/5 The demand for hessians has fallen off a little. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.²1856adj.n.¹1677
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Hessiann.2

Hessianadj.n.1

Hessiann.²

Hessianadj.n.¹