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单词 helmet
释义

helmetn.

/ˈhɛlmɪt/
Forms: Middle English– helmet, (1500s helmette, healmet, Scottish hewmet, hewmond, heumont, 1600s helmit).
Etymology: < obsolete French healmet, helmet, diminutive of helme (see heaume n. and helm n.1).
1.
a. A defensive cover for the head; a piece of armour, usually made of, or strengthened with, metal, which covers the head wholly or in part.It has varied greatly in shape and material at different periods; the name is still given to the stiff hat of domed or conical form, made of metal or strengthened with bars of metal, worn by many troops.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun]
helmc725
hoodc1275
crestc1325
iron hatc1330
testerc1386
helmet1470
cap1530
hood-skull1537
headpiecea1555
caska1586
mazer1605
casque1696
head cover1839
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. ix [He] gate hym by the Bauowre of his helmet, and plucked hym doune on his knees.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. vii. 194 Mesapus rich hewmet [1553 hewmond] schynand brycht.
1563 N. Winȝet Wks. (1890) II. 6 For a waippin and a werklume, for a speir or a spade, a heumont or a hemmir.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z2 Vpon his head he wore an Helmet light, Made of a dead mans skull, that seemed a ghastly sight.
1789 W. Belsham Ess. I. vii. 139 Virtue is..a Minerva, armed with helmet, spear, and shield.
1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 374 The helmet and cuirass worn by cavalry is a cooler dress than might be imagined, the polished metal being a good reflector of heat.
figurative.1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxvii. lii The helmet mekenes, and the shelde good fayth.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. vi. 17 Take the helmet off heelth.
b. transferred. Put for a man in armour. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxx. 225 A houndred helmets of Hongery..valyaunt knightes & good men of werre.
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxiv. 189 Men of armes, to the nombre of foure thousand helmets.
c. Extended to other (non-military) defensive or protective kinds of head-gear, such as those worn by policemen, firemen, and divers, and the felt or pith hat worn in hot climates.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > helmet
helmet1842
1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 355/2 A helmet of thin sheet copper, which covers the head of the diver.
1858 [see helmet-maker n. at Compounds 1a].
1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) (at cited word) Helmets of white felt, with folds of linen wrapped round them, are worn in India and other hot climates as a protection against the sun. The name helmet is also given to a kind of hat worn by policemen.
1885 Times 20 Feb. 6/1 Officers and men were attired in red serge tunics..sun helmets and puggarees.
2. A representation of a helmet; esp. in Heraldry. The figure of a helmet placed above the escutcheon in an achievement and supporting the crest.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > extra-scutal devices > [noun] > helmet
helmet1610
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iv. xv. 231 The bearing of Helmets after these seueral manners.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 263 They take to themselves coates of Armes..yet not with open Helmets, as Gentlemen beare them, but with closed Helmets, after the manner used by the Citizens in Germany.
1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry (at cited word) Helmets of different forms are placed above shields of arms to denote the rank of the bearers.
3. The upper part of a retort; = helm n.1 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > retorts or stills > parts of
cane1430
nose1559
steal1585
helm1594
helmet1599
tin-worm1800
tubulure1800
tubulature1830
tubulusc1900
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 25/1 Distille therout a water, with a glasse helmet as we are used to distille the stronge waters.
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall viii. 64 We took a Glass Helmet or Alembick..such as Chymists use in Distillations.
1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 121 Put in it fifty pounds of Quicksilver..and place an Helmet upon it.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Helmet,..the upper part of a retort.
4. A kind of fancy pigeon: see quot. 1735.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types
porcelainc1530
turn-pate1611
light horseman1661
runt1661
smiter1668
helmet1676
mammet1678
Cortbeck1688
turbit1688
turner1688
dragoon1725
finicking1725
Leghorn1725
nun1725
owl1725
petit1725
trumpeter1725
horseman1735
Mahomet1735
barbel1736
turn-tail1736
frill-back1765
blue rock1825
beard1826
ice pigeon1829
toy1831
black1839
skinnum1839
splash1851
whole-feather1851
spangle1854
swallow1854
shield1855
stork pigeon1855
Swabian1855
yellow1855
archangel1867
dragon1867
starling1867
magpie1868
smerle1869
bluette1870
cumulet1876
oriental1876
spot fairy1876
turbiteen1876
blondinette1879
hyacinth1879
Modena pigeon1879
silver-dun1879
silverette1879
silver-mealy1879
swift pigeon1879
Victoria1879
visor1879
ice1881
swallow pigeon1881
velvet fairy1881
priesta1889
frill1890
1676 C. Cotton Compl. Angler iv. 76 Of the tame [pigeons] there be helmits and runts, and carriers, and cropers.
1735 J. Moore Columb. in Tegetmeier Pigeons (1867) xix. 164 They are called Helmets, from their heads being covered with a plumage which is distinct in colour from the body, and appears somewhat like a helmet to cover the head.
1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 74 The principle ones [sc. pigeons] are..the Crested, the Helmet, the Horseman [etc].
5. (in full helmet-shell.) The shell of a mollusc of the genus Cassis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > member of genus Cassis > shell of
helmet1753
Bombay shell1858
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Cassis lævis, the smooth helmet shell, a name given by Rumphius, though very improperly, to the genus of shells called dolia and conchæ globosæ.
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. iii. 408 The..real Conques come next after the Helmets.
1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 290 A Helmet, Cassis.
1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 381 Cameos..that are cut from the Horned Helmet-shell are white.
6. A collector's name for a fossil echinoderm, Galerites albogalerus; cf. helmet-stone n. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1887 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales (ed. 2) 405.
7. Botany. The arched upper part of the corolla (or calyx) in some flowers, esp. labiates and orchids; the galea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > galea, upper lip, or hood of corolla or calyx
casque1785
vizardc1789
helmet1793
hood1821
1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. I7v Helmet, galea. The upper lip of a ringent corolla.
1862 C. Darwin Var. Contriv. Orchids Fertilised (1885) ii. 59 The whole upper part of the helmet answers to the minute oval bit of membrane to which the caudicle of Orchis is attached.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 335/2 at Coryanthes At the foot of the column are two fleshy feet, from whose toe perpetually distils a clear honey-like fluid, which drops into the hollow of the helmet.
8. An appendage of the stipes of the maxilla of some insects, as the cockroach; the galea.
ΚΠ
1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 313 A corneous and dentated portion..covered by another piece of a membranous consistence, and arched, called the galea or helmet.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
helmet-bonnet n.
ΚΠ
1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 84. 667 Still see my helmet bonnet unimpaired.
helmet-cone n.
helmet-crown n.
ΚΠ
1777 T. Warton Poems 70 Wearing in death his helmet-crown.
helmet-feather n.
ΚΠ
1832 Ld. Tennyson Lady of Shalott iii, in Poems (new ed.) 14 The helmet, and the helmet-feather Burned like one burning flame together.
helmet-hat n.
helmet-head n.
helmet-maker n.
ΚΠ
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Helmet-maker, a maker of defensive coverings for the head, worn by soldiers, firemen, etc.
helmet-shape n.
b.
helmet-plume n.
ΚΠ
1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. viii. 64 Steel from spur to helmet-plume.
helmet-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 283 Melampyrum..Upper lip helmet-shaped, compressed.
1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 335 If the corolla is very irregular with one petal very large and helmet-shaped, it is sometimes called cassideous.
helmet-strewn adj.
helmet-tubed adj.
ΚΠ
1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. I7v Helmet-tubed Petal, galeato-tubulatum petalum.
C2.
helmet-beetle n. a beetle of the family Cassididæ, having a dilated thorax forming a kind of helmet covering the head.
ΚΠ
1816 P. Wakefield Nat. Hist. Insects iv. 35 The larvae of the genus Cassida or Helmet Beetle.
helmet-bird n. a bird of the genus Corythaix, a turakoo.
helmet-cherry n. Obsolete a kind of cherry: cf. healme n.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Heaulme,..the Helmet cherrie, Heart-cherrie.
helmet-cockatoo n. Callocephalon galeatum, ‘an iron-grey bird with a bright red head’ (Newton).
helmet-crab n. a species of King-crab, Limulus longispinus.
helmet-flower n. a name for Monkshood or Aconite, and for orchids of the genus Coryanthes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > aconite or wolf's bane
monk's cowl1548
wolf's-bane1548
flint-wort1567
libardine1567
aconite1569
wolf's-wort1575
napellus1576
monkshood1578
napelo1580
helmet-flower1597
scorpion1601
napell1605
wolfwort1611
monk's-head1682
panther's bane1712
blue rocketa1825
bikh1830
friar's cap1830
fox-bane1840
Turk's cap1854
Adam and Eve1879
face-in-hood1886
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 823 Helmet flower, or the great Munks hood.
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole xxvi. 216 The poisonfull Helmet flower.
helmet-hornbill n. a species of Hornbill, Buceros galeatus.
ΚΠ
1893–6 A. Newton Dict. Birds 434 The Helmet-Hornbill, a native of Sumatra and Borneo.
helmet-quail n. a quail of the American genus Lophortyx, having an elegant curved crest.
helmet-shell n. see sense 5.
helmet-stone n. see sense 6.
ΚΠ
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Galea,..a genus of..sea hedgehogs, whose shape is that of a large elevated helmet..This genus, when fossile, is called in English the helmet stone.

Derivatives

ˈhelmetful n. as much as a helmet will hold.
ΚΠ
1863 G. J. Whyte-Melville Gladiators (1864) iii. xx. 416 He would give all his share of spoil for a helmetful of water.
ˈhelmetless adj. having no helmet.
ΚΠ
1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed ii. 32 A helmetless soldier was firing over Dick's shoulder.

Draft additions December 2004

helmet hair n. colloquial (a) a hairstyle resembling a helmet, typically smooth and relatively short and often held rigidly in place with hairspray or a similar product; (b) a disarranged or flattened head of hair caused by wearing a helmet; cf. hat hair n. at hat n. Compounds 5.
ΚΠ
1984 Hurricane Alice Winter–Spring 9/2 To carefully chip out that delicate face, the tender line of brow, the smooth forehead, the sweet nose, the overhang of helmet-hair.
1992 Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 19 Jan. (Mag.) 6 In Los Angeles, Spandex shorts, cruel cycling shoes and matted ‘helmet hair’ have become a fashion statement.
1997 People (Electronic ed.) 17 Nov. 103 I had helmet hair from my space suit.
2003 Guardian (Nexis) 17 May 77 He's a cartoon, an eerily complete 1950s/1960s-era TV host, complete with helmet hair.
helmet-haired adj.
ΚΠ
1987 Chicago Sun-Times 9 Aug. (Sunday Show section) 4/2 (caption) Helmet-haired Frankie Avalon..danced his way into the hearts of teens in ‘Beach Blanket Bingo’.
2000 M. Keyes in J. Adams et al. Girls' Night In 70 ‘It's an alien!’ the helmet-haired, leisure-suited matron yelled.

Draft additions April 2011

helmet-shrike n. any of several sociable songbirds of savannah and woodland in sub-Saharan Africa, most of which are characterized by crests and often colourful bills or eye-wattles. Formerly included in the family Laniidae or Malaconotidae, helmet-shrikes are now usually placed in their own family, Prionopidae.
ΚΠ
1884 E. L. Layard & R. B. Sharpe Birds S. Afr. (ed. 2) 407 This species is easily recognized from the other South African Helmet Shrikes by the colouration of its back, which is ashy brown, contrasting with the head.
1922 F. M. Colby et al. New Internat. Encycl. 122 African shrikes of the genus Prionops are called helmet shrikes for a similar reason.
1961 Condor 63 217 Prionops poliocephalus. White Helmet Shrike. Several nests may be built close together, and sometimes two females lay in the same nest.
2009 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 13 June The Serengeti also offers a host of endemic birds such as..Rufous-tailed weaver, Grey-crested helmet-Shrike and Usambiro barbet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

helmetv.

Etymology: < helmet n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈhelmet.
transitive. To furnish with a helmet.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > cover or furnish with helmet [verb (transitive)]
rehelma1509
helmeta1661
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments > headgear > helmet
incask1612
helmeta1661
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Bedf. 114 Helmetted on their heads and crested like a Lark.
1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone v. 89 I helmeted a brow though white, And took a place in all men's sight.
1889 Spectator 9 Nov. 637/2 Rock-panoplied giants..helmeted with eternal snow.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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