hardtopadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːdtɒp/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrdˌtɑp/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., top n.¹

Etymology: < hard adj. + top n.¹

Originally U.S.

A. adj. (attributive).

1. Designating a road, car park, etc., surfaced with a hard material such as concrete or asphalt. Cf. blacktop n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [adjective] > having specific surface or construction

unironedc1450

unpaveda1533

corduroy1822

macadamized1823

metalled1825

unmacadamized1826

flagless1840

unmetalled1843

corduroyed1854

woolly1862

water-bound1909

hardtop1915

1915 Trenton (New Jersey) Evening Times 27 Apr. These hard-top roads, he says, will lessen the cost of team hiring and do away with road binders and oils.

1953 West Australian (Perth) 1 July 4/5 Of 83,000 miles of classified roads in the whole of the continent, only 18,430 miles were ‘hard-top’ roads.

1975 Boating Oct. 117/2 The new operation will offer excellent launching facilities and a large hard-top parking area.

2008 Independent 5 Mar. 24/6 The very construction of new houses in the wetlands and new hardtop roads to service them created a source of oil-polluted runoff water.

2. Designating a car or other vehicle with a rigid or fixed roof, as opposed to one of soft material; relating to or designating a roof of this type.Originally used exclusively with reference to detachable or (later) retractable roofs; from the 1950s also used of cars with a fixed roof which were designed to resemble convertibles with the roof in place, and subsequently more generally of cars having a body construction without a central pillar.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [adjective] > with fixed top

hardtop1931

fixed-head1962

1931 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 18 Oct. 13 (advt.) New Willys Six, 5-window, hard top coupe.

1949 I. Frazee & E. L. Bedell Automotive Fund. 82 The convertible sedan features the same entrance and seating arrangements as are found in the regular hard-top sedan.

1952 Autocar 12 Dec. 1663/1 The hardtop style of roof is now used on all bodies, whether they have two or four doors.

1964 Life 2 Oct. 59/1 (advt.) There's racy new hardtop styling on every Corvair Sport Coupe and Sport Sedan.

1970 Boating Jan. 80/1 Hand rails, grab rails, call them what you will, all hardtop boats should have them.

1998 Chicago Tribune 6 Sept. xii. 5/1 The blue hardtop Tuk-Tuks originated in Singapore and can carry as many as six or eight passengers jammed onto their bench seats in back.

2014 S. Doyle Remembering That Night viii. 139 He got behind the wheel of his hardtop jeep.

3. Designating a cinema housed in a conventional building, as opposed to a drive-in or other open-air cinema.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [adjective] > type of cinema

nabe1922

walk-in1943

art house1949

widescreen1949

hardtop1953

1953 San Mateo (Calif.) Times 25 Apr. 10/1 Although the hard-top theatre business has been ailing, the drive-ins have flourished, at least when the weather is favorable.

1982 D. Ayer et al. in G. Kindem Amer. Movie Industry xii. 240 The National Association of Theatre Owners..represents exhibitors who own over 13,000 of the approximately 18,000 hard-top and drive-in theaters in the United States.

2005 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 10 Sept. 10 Admissions have fallen 14 per cent, and conventional hardtop suburban cinemas such as Chermside have closed.

B. n.

a. A rigid or fixed roof of a car or other vehicle.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > roof > specific types

soft-top1922

sunshine roof1927

sunroof1928

drophead1934

soft-top1940

hardtop1945

targa roof1976

1945 Pop. Sci. Sept. 144/2 A single-piece hard top for a club coupe requires a lot of room when lowered into the deck, and even the single-seat experimental models use space needed for luggage.

1961 Ebony Nov. 126/2 (caption) Car is fitted with soft-looking hardtop.

1977 Pop. Mech. June 77/1 It's available with 4WD and a fiberglass hardtop, a soft vinyl top and matching tonneau to snap over the pickup bed.

1996 Yachting June 38/2 Camber in the hardtop made it stiffer and allowed it to quickly shed water in heavy rain.

2007 Volkswagen Driver Mar. 38/3 The sales brochure..shows a version with wide wheels and a body kit with extended wheelarches and sills..and a plastic hardtop.

b. A hardtop car or other vehicle (see sense A. 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > car with fixed or rigid roof

hardtop1949

1949 Pop. Sci. May 134 Like the actual convertibles, the new hard-tops are swanky jobs for which you pay a higher price.

1987 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 21 June They offer a tonne more room than purpose-built 4WD hardtops like the two-door Patrol, LandCruiser and Pajero crew.

2005 B. Sherk I'll never forget my First Car i. 11 I had borrowed my mom's 1957 Buick Century four-door hardtop that morning.

2. Chiefly North American. A hardtop road, etc. (see sense A. 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > tarred

macadamization1869

blacktop1917

hardtop1946

the bitumen1953

1946 Winnipeg Free Press 22 May 6/2 The dust area lying between the hardtop and the sidewalk..became a hazard in wet weather.

1972 Field & Stream Apr. 191/2 Trail a boat across the Cora Road cutoff to New Fork Lake, or choose to head south to the hardtop to visit Fremont Lake.

2007 F. Soos in D. Starkey Living Blue in Red States ii. 39 Maybe in the winter, people driving along the hardtop could look up and see me.

3. A hardtop cinema (see sense A. 3).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [noun] > types of

nickelodeon1888

home theatre1914

screening room1918

art house1925

indie1928

drive-in1931

ozoner1948

bughouse1952

hardtop1955

cinematheque1965

multi1970

skin house1970

stroke house1971

multiscreen1974

1955 Dunkirk (N.Y.) Evening Observer 29 Sept. 4/4 Operators of drive-in theatres refer to the regular movie palaces as ‘hard tops’.

1992 Daily Variety (Nexis) 29 June 18 United Intl. Pictures is making a seasonal gesture in August by screening ‘Wayne's World’ in open-air theaters and hardtops in popular resorts like Rimini, Capri and Ischia.

2012 S. Hall in S. Neale Classical Hollywood Reader xx. 345 The advent of the ‘new era’ of widescreen technology..brought problems for drive-ins just as it did for many hardtops.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hardtop
释义	hardtopadj.n. Brit. /ˈhɑːdtɒp/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdˌtɑp/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., top n.¹ Etymology: < hard adj. + top n.¹ Originally U.S. A. adj. (attributive). 1. Designating a road, car park, etc., surfaced with a hard material such as concrete or asphalt. Cf. blacktop n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [adjective] > having specific surface or construction unironedc1450 unpaveda1533 corduroy1822 macadamized1823 metalled1825 unmacadamized1826 flagless1840 unmetalled1843 corduroyed1854 woolly1862 water-bound1909 hardtop1915 1915 Trenton (New Jersey) Evening Times 27 Apr. These hard-top roads, he says, will lessen the cost of team hiring and do away with road binders and oils. 1953 West Australian (Perth) 1 July 4/5 Of 83,000 miles of classified roads in the whole of the continent, only 18,430 miles were ‘hard-top’ roads. 1975 Boating Oct. 117/2 The new operation will offer excellent launching facilities and a large hard-top parking area. 2008 Independent 5 Mar. 24/6 The very construction of new houses in the wetlands and new hardtop roads to service them created a source of oil-polluted runoff water. 2. Designating a car or other vehicle with a rigid or fixed roof, as opposed to one of soft material; relating to or designating a roof of this type.Originally used exclusively with reference to detachable or (later) retractable roofs; from the 1950s also used of cars with a fixed roof which were designed to resemble convertibles with the roof in place, and subsequently more generally of cars having a body construction without a central pillar. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [adjective] > with fixed top hardtop1931 fixed-head1962 1931 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 18 Oct. 13 (advt.) New Willys Six, 5-window, hard top coupe. 1949 I. Frazee & E. L. Bedell Automotive Fund. 82 The convertible sedan features the same entrance and seating arrangements as are found in the regular hard-top sedan. 1952 Autocar 12 Dec. 1663/1 The hardtop style of roof is now used on all bodies, whether they have two or four doors. 1964 Life 2 Oct. 59/1 (advt.) There's racy new hardtop styling on every Corvair Sport Coupe and Sport Sedan. 1970 Boating Jan. 80/1 Hand rails, grab rails, call them what you will, all hardtop boats should have them. 1998 Chicago Tribune 6 Sept. xii. 5/1 The blue hardtop Tuk-Tuks originated in Singapore and can carry as many as six or eight passengers jammed onto their bench seats in back. 2014 S. Doyle Remembering That Night viii. 139 He got behind the wheel of his hardtop jeep. 3. Designating a cinema housed in a conventional building, as opposed to a drive-in or other open-air cinema. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [adjective] > type of cinema nabe1922 walk-in1943 art house1949 widescreen1949 hardtop1953 1953 San Mateo (Calif.) Times 25 Apr. 10/1 Although the hard-top theatre business has been ailing, the drive-ins have flourished, at least when the weather is favorable. 1982 D. Ayer et al. in G. Kindem Amer. Movie Industry xii. 240 The National Association of Theatre Owners..represents exhibitors who own over 13,000 of the approximately 18,000 hard-top and drive-in theaters in the United States. 2005 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 10 Sept. 10 Admissions have fallen 14 per cent, and conventional hardtop suburban cinemas such as Chermside have closed. B. n. 1. a. A rigid or fixed roof of a car or other vehicle. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > roof > specific types soft-top1922 sunshine roof1927 sunroof1928 drophead1934 soft-top1940 hardtop1945 targa roof1976 1945 Pop. Sci. Sept. 144/2 A single-piece hard top for a club coupe requires a lot of room when lowered into the deck, and even the single-seat experimental models use space needed for luggage. 1961 Ebony Nov. 126/2 (caption) Car is fitted with soft-looking hardtop. 1977 Pop. Mech. June 77/1 It's available with 4WD and a fiberglass hardtop, a soft vinyl top and matching tonneau to snap over the pickup bed. 1996 Yachting June 38/2 Camber in the hardtop made it stiffer and allowed it to quickly shed water in heavy rain. 2007 Volkswagen Driver Mar. 38/3 The sales brochure..shows a version with wide wheels and a body kit with extended wheelarches and sills..and a plastic hardtop. b. A hardtop car or other vehicle (see sense A. 2). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > car with fixed or rigid roof hardtop1949 1949 Pop. Sci. May 134 Like the actual convertibles, the new hard-tops are swanky jobs for which you pay a higher price. 1987 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 21 June They offer a tonne more room than purpose-built 4WD hardtops like the two-door Patrol, LandCruiser and Pajero crew. 2005 B. Sherk I'll never forget my First Car i. 11 I had borrowed my mom's 1957 Buick Century four-door hardtop that morning. 2. Chiefly North American. A hardtop road, etc. (see sense A. 1). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > tarred macadamization1869 blacktop1917 hardtop1946 the bitumen1953 1946 Winnipeg Free Press 22 May 6/2 The dust area lying between the hardtop and the sidewalk..became a hazard in wet weather. 1972 Field & Stream Apr. 191/2 Trail a boat across the Cora Road cutoff to New Fork Lake, or choose to head south to the hardtop to visit Fremont Lake. 2007 F. Soos in D. Starkey Living Blue in Red States ii. 39 Maybe in the winter, people driving along the hardtop could look up and see me. 3. A hardtop cinema (see sense A. 3). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [noun] > types of nickelodeon1888 home theatre1914 screening room1918 art house1925 indie1928 drive-in1931 ozoner1948 bughouse1952 hardtop1955 cinematheque1965 multi1970 skin house1970 stroke house1971 multiscreen1974 1955 Dunkirk (N.Y.) Evening Observer 29 Sept. 4/4 Operators of drive-in theatres refer to the regular movie palaces as ‘hard tops’. 1992 Daily Variety (Nexis) 29 June 18 United Intl. Pictures is making a seasonal gesture in August by screening ‘Wayne's World’ in open-air theaters and hardtops in popular resorts like Rimini, Capri and Ischia. 2012 S. Hall in S. Neale Classical Hollywood Reader xx. 345 The advent of the ‘new era’ of widescreen technology..brought problems for drive-ins just as it did for many hardtops. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1915
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