harbingern.

/ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/

Forms: α. Middle English–1600s herberger(e, Middle English herborgere, Middle English–1600s herbergeour, Middle English herberjoure, herberjowre, Middle English–1600s herberjour, herbarjour, 1500s herburger, harburger, 1500s–1600s harberger, harbergeour. β. Middle English–1500s herbeger(e, harbyger, herbejeour, 1500s herbegeour, herbigeour, harbiger, harbagar, harbesher. γ. Middle English herbengar, Middle English–1700s herbenger, 1500s herbynger, 1500s–1600s herbinger, harbenger, 1500s– harbinger, (1500s arbinger).

Etymology: Early Middle English herbergere and herbergeour , < Old French herbergere (-begiere , habergiere ), in oblique case herbergeor (-geur , -geour , -jur , heb- , hab- ) one who provides shelter or lodgings (= medieval Latin heribergātor , herebergiātor ), agent-noun from verb herbergier (-bargier , -begier , -bager , -bigier , har- ) to provide lodgings for (= medieval Latin heribergāre ), < Old French herberge = medieval Latin heri- , hereberga lodging, quarters (for an army, etc.), < Old High German and Old Low German heriberga lit. ‘shelter for an army’, < hari , heri , host, army + -berga (= Old English -berg , -beorg ) protection, shelter, < bergan to protect. Already in Old High German this word had been extended from the original military sense, to mean ‘place of entertainment, lodging’: see harbour n.¹ The form herbegere , occurring in Old French and Middle English, was in the latter changed to herbenger , whence, with har- for her- (as also sometimes in Old French), the current harbinger : compare passenger , messenger , wharfinger . See also harbourer n.

†1. One who provides lodging; an entertainer, a host; a harbourer n. common herberger, a common lodging-house keeper. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [noun] > with temporary accommodation > provider of lodging

harbingerc1175

lodger1533

landlord1692

society > leisure > social event > hospitality > hospitable person > [noun] > host

harbingerc1175

hostelerc1300

host1303

entertainer1525

landlord1725

Amphitryon1807

feast-giver1820

hospitator1851

guester1890

α.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 143 Þe herbe [r] gers, þe þolemode, þe elmesfulle..sculen beon icleoped on þe fader riht halue.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Robberes and kueade herbergeres [MS. herberȝeres] þet berobbeþ þe pilgrimes an þe marchons.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. xvi. 23 Gayus, my herborgere [a1425 L.V. oost], greetith ȝou wel.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 235/2 Herberiowre, hospiciarius.

c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. viij^v/2 Comon herburgers in the same cite and in the subbarbes..as wel as od' comon harburgers free & of the same fraunches.

β. c1400 Rom. Rose 5000 Gronyng and Grucchyng, hir herbeiours..tellen hir, erliche and late, That Deth stondith armed at hir gate.c1400 Rom. Rose 7585 With sory happe to youre bihove, Am I to day youre herbegere! Go, herber yow elleswhere than heere.

2. One sent on before to purvey lodgings for an army, a royal train, etc.; a purveyor of lodgings; in plural, an advance company of an army sent to prepare a camping-ground; a pioneer who prepares the way. Historical and archaic. †Knight Harbinger: an officer in the Royal Household (the office was abolished in 1846).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > one who secures accommodation or lodging

harbingerc1386

furrier1525

furriel1598

α.

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 899 The fame anon thurgh out the toun is born..By herbergeours [v.r. -jours], that wenten hym biforn.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 2448 Thane come þe herbariours, harageous knyghtez.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 228/2 Harberger, fourrier du roy.

?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 45 His harbergers passyng byfore to provyde lodgynges for his trayn.

β. 1460 C. Hansson in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 216 The h [ar] byger [Letters lost at hole in paper] of my lord of Marche.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxviii Thenne ther cam the herbegeours from kynge Arthur for to herborowe hym and his kynges.c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Nij ^v Men must wyn the marshall, or ellys herbegere With pryce or with prayer.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxxvj^v The English cariers that came with the harbeshers to take ground..toke certayne wagons with beere and vitayle.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Harbiger, to appoint lodginges for the traine of princes, epistathmi.?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter cv. 300 To them as herbeger, Lo Joseph sold to servitude.γ. 1471 Arriv. Edw. IV (Camden) 27 Theyr herbengars were come afore them as ferre as Sudberrye.1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 115 He shalle not sett his men too coyne uppon the Kinges subjectes..but by bille made by the arbinger.1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxxviii. [cxxiv.] 364 They had sent before their herbyngers to take vp their lodgynges.1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood ii. xii. 185 Where the Herbinger had before marked the lodgings for Otho.1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth iv. 205 The chiefe Magistrate..as an Harbinger appoynted out their billet.1708 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. ii. xii. 105 They have a gentleman harbinger to provide lodging for them.1743 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 35) ii. 190 William Cowper, Esq.; Knight-Harbinger.1875 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxiii, in Monthly Packet Mar. 223 Harbingers were sent before, to prepare quarters for all this train.

3. One that goes before and announces the approach of some one; a forerunner. Mostly in transferred and figurative senses, and in literary language.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > announcer or proclaimer > harbinger or usher

heraldc1330

forayer1340

forager1377

foregangera1500

usher1548

harbingera1550

avant-courier1603

go-before1633

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > as a harbinger or messenger

messengerc1230

foregoer1393

fourrier1481

fore-rider1513

fore-currour1548

usher1548

harbingera1550

vaunt-courier1561

van-courier1581

herald1597

usherer1598

outrunner1891

β.

a1550 Hye way Spyttel Hous 834 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 60 These to our place have dayly herbegers.

γ. 1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre cxliv, in Posies sig. Iviii^v Hope is harbenger of all mishappe.a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) iii. 702 His Harbinger John had now finished his Message.1645 J. Milton Song: On May Morning in Poems 26 Now the bright morning Star, Dayes harbinger, Comes dancing from the East, and leads with her the Flowry May.1765 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto iii First came two harbingers with wands. Next a herald.1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st xxxviii. 20 Proud harbinger of day..Fell chanticleer!1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 359 The boding cry of the tree-toad, that harbinger of storm.1874 W. H. Ainsworth Merry Eng. i. iv A harbinger, apparelled in the royal livery, had been sent on to announce the approach of the Princess.1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xiv. 72 The prophet and harbinger of better days coming.

†4. = harbourer n. 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 209 In Harbouring the Hart, the Huntsman or Harbinger must..put his Hound before him, and beat the Outside of the Springs or Thickets.

5. harbinger of spring n. A small umbelliferous herb of North America, Erigenia bulbosa, which flowers in March in the Central States. In its tuberous root, twice ternate leaves, and small white flowers, it resembles the Earth-nut of Great Britain.

ΚΠ

1868 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 5)

Derivatives

ˈharbingership n. the office or position of a harbinger.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > as a harbinger or messenger > position of

heraldry1593

harbingership1613

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 242 Thou shalt go one houre before; and presently caused his head to be smitten off. An unhappie Harbengership in regard of his Art.

ˈharbingery n. the act or function of a harbinger (in sense 3).Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1887 G. Saintsbury Hist. Elizabethan Lit. ii. 46 They do not come in with the somewhat ostentatious usherment and harbingery which, for instance, laid the even more splendid bursts of Jeremy Taylor open to the sharp sarcasm of South.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	harbinger
释义	harbingern. /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ Forms: α. Middle English–1600s herberger(e, Middle English herborgere, Middle English–1600s herbergeour, Middle English herberjoure, herberjowre, Middle English–1600s herberjour, herbarjour, 1500s herburger, harburger, 1500s–1600s harberger, harbergeour. β. Middle English–1500s herbeger(e, harbyger, herbejeour, 1500s herbegeour, herbigeour, harbiger, harbagar, harbesher. γ. Middle English herbengar, Middle English–1700s herbenger, 1500s herbynger, 1500s–1600s herbinger, harbenger, 1500s– harbinger, (1500s arbinger). Etymology: Early Middle English herbergere and herbergeour , < Old French herbergere (-begiere , habergiere ), in oblique case herbergeor (-geur , -geour , -jur , heb- , hab- ) one who provides shelter or lodgings (= medieval Latin heribergātor , herebergiātor ), agent-noun from verb herbergier (-bargier , -begier , -bager , -bigier , har- ) to provide lodgings for (= medieval Latin heribergāre ), < Old French herberge = medieval Latin heri- , hereberga lodging, quarters (for an army, etc.), < Old High German and Old Low German heriberga lit. ‘shelter for an army’, < hari , heri , host, army + -berga (= Old English -berg , -beorg ) protection, shelter, < bergan to protect. Already in Old High German this word had been extended from the original military sense, to mean ‘place of entertainment, lodging’: see harbour n.¹ The form herbegere , occurring in Old French and Middle English, was in the latter changed to herbenger , whence, with har- for her- (as also sometimes in Old French), the current harbinger : compare passenger , messenger , wharfinger . See also harbourer n. †1. One who provides lodging; an entertainer, a host; a harbourer n. common herberger, a common lodging-house keeper. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [noun] > with temporary accommodation > provider of lodging harbingerc1175 lodger1533 landlord1692 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > hospitable person > [noun] > host harbingerc1175 hostelerc1300 host1303 entertainer1525 landlord1725 Amphitryon1807 feast-giver1820 hospitator1851 guester1890 α. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 143 Þe herbe [r] gers, þe þolemode, þe elmesfulle..sculen beon icleoped on þe fader riht halue. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Robberes and kueade herbergeres [MS. herberȝeres] þet berobbeþ þe pilgrimes an þe marchons. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. xvi. 23 Gayus, my herborgere [a1425 L.V. oost], greetith ȝou wel. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 235/2 Herberiowre, hospiciarius. c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. viij^v/2 Comon herburgers in the same cite and in the subbarbes..as wel as od' comon harburgers free & of the same fraunches. β. c1400 Rom. Rose 5000 Gronyng and Grucchyng, hir herbeiours..tellen hir, erliche and late, That Deth stondith armed at hir gate.c1400 Rom. Rose 7585 With sory happe to youre bihove, Am I to day youre herbegere! Go, herber yow elleswhere than heere. 2. One sent on before to purvey lodgings for an army, a royal train, etc.; a purveyor of lodgings; in plural, an advance company of an army sent to prepare a camping-ground; a pioneer who prepares the way. Historical and archaic. †Knight Harbinger: an officer in the Royal Household (the office was abolished in 1846). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > one who secures accommodation or lodging harbingerc1386 furrier1525 furriel1598 α. c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 899 The fame anon thurgh out the toun is born..By herbergeours [v.r. -jours], that wenten hym biforn. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2448 Thane come þe herbariours, harageous knyghtez. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 228/2 Harberger, fourrier du roy. ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 45 His harbergers passyng byfore to provyde lodgynges for his trayn. β. 1460 C. Hansson in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 216 The h [ar] byger [Letters lost at hole in paper] of my lord of Marche.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vii. xxviii Thenne ther cam the herbegeours from kynge Arthur for to herborowe hym and his kynges.c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Nij ^v Men must wyn the marshall, or ellys herbegere With pryce or with prayer.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxxvj^v The English cariers that came with the harbeshers to take ground..toke certayne wagons with beere and vitayle.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Harbiger, to appoint lodginges for the traine of princes, epistathmi.?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter cv. 300 To them as herbeger, Lo Joseph sold to servitude.γ. 1471 Arriv. Edw. IV (Camden) 27 Theyr herbengars were come afore them as ferre as Sudberrye.1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 115 He shalle not sett his men too coyne uppon the Kinges subjectes..but by bille made by the arbinger.1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxxviii. [cxxiv.] 364 They had sent before their herbyngers to take vp their lodgynges.1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood ii. xii. 185 Where the Herbinger had before marked the lodgings for Otho.1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth iv. 205 The chiefe Magistrate..as an Harbinger appoynted out their billet.1708 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. ii. xii. 105 They have a gentleman harbinger to provide lodging for them.1743 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 35) ii. 190 William Cowper, Esq.; Knight-Harbinger.1875 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxiii, in Monthly Packet Mar. 223 Harbingers were sent before, to prepare quarters for all this train. 3. One that goes before and announces the approach of some one; a forerunner. Mostly in transferred and figurative senses, and in literary language. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > announcer or proclaimer > harbinger or usher heraldc1330 forayer1340 forager1377 foregangera1500 usher1548 harbingera1550 avant-courier1603 go-before1633 the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > as a harbinger or messenger messengerc1230 foregoer1393 fourrier1481 fore-rider1513 fore-currour1548 usher1548 harbingera1550 vaunt-courier1561 van-courier1581 herald1597 usherer1598 outrunner1891 β. a1550 Hye way Spyttel Hous 834 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 60 These to our place have dayly herbegers. γ. 1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre cxliv, in Posies sig. Iviii^v Hope is harbenger of all mishappe.a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) iii. 702 His Harbinger John had now finished his Message.1645 J. Milton Song: On May Morning in Poems 26 Now the bright morning Star, Dayes harbinger, Comes dancing from the East, and leads with her the Flowry May.1765 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto iii First came two harbingers with wands. Next a herald.1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st xxxviii. 20 Proud harbinger of day..Fell chanticleer!1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 359 The boding cry of the tree-toad, that harbinger of storm.1874 W. H. Ainsworth Merry Eng. i. iv A harbinger, apparelled in the royal livery, had been sent on to announce the approach of the Princess.1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xiv. 72 The prophet and harbinger of better days coming. †4. = harbourer n. 2. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 209 In Harbouring the Hart, the Huntsman or Harbinger must..put his Hound before him, and beat the Outside of the Springs or Thickets. 5. harbinger of spring n. A small umbelliferous herb of North America, Erigenia bulbosa, which flowers in March in the Central States. In its tuberous root, twice ternate leaves, and small white flowers, it resembles the Earth-nut of Great Britain. ΚΠ 1868 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 5) Derivatives ˈharbingership n. the office or position of a harbinger.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > as a harbinger or messenger > position of heraldry1593 harbingership1613 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 242 Thou shalt go one houre before; and presently caused his head to be smitten off. An unhappie Harbengership in regard of his Art. ˈharbingery n. the act or function of a harbinger (in sense 3).Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1887 G. Saintsbury Hist. Elizabethan Lit. ii. 46 They do not come in with the somewhat ostentatious usherment and harbingery which, for instance, laid the even more splendid bursts of Jeremy Taylor open to the sharp sarcasm of South. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). harbingerv. Etymology: < harbinger n. (in sense 3).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈharbinger. transitive. To act as a harbinger to; to announce, presage. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)] forecomea1300 to say beforec1384 signifyc1384 pretendc1425 prefigurec1429 preostendc1429 prefigurate1530 prefigurate1530 adumbrate1537 promise1556 premonstrate1562 foresignify1565 presignify1570 shadow1574 foreshadow1577 presage1583 fore-run1590 presign1590 fore-read1591 figure1595 type forth, out1596 fore-point1601 foreshow1601 prophesy1608 foretella1616 foretypea1618 forebode1656 harbingera1657 pretypify1658 pretype1659 forespeak1667 to figure out1721 forecast1883 favour1887 precourse1888 precursea1892 society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] > before hand heraldc1384 annunciate1533 harbingera1657 announce1749 fore-announce1847 harbinge1868 a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) I. 24 To Harbinger his learned name. 1662 A. Cokayne Trag. Ovid i. i, in Poems Before..I for this untimely Courtesy, Make thee to harbinger my Soul, in death. 1797 S. T. Coleridge Relig. Musings (new ed.) in Poems (ed. 2) 119 More bright than all the Angel blaze, That harbinger'd thy birth. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xviii. 299 The star that harbingers a glorious day. 1875 R. W. Emerson Lett. & Social Aims v. 131 Heralded and harbingered by smiles and greetings. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.c1175v.a1657
随便看	to lose a dinner to lose a ewe for a halfpennyworth of tar to lose a fine to lose a hog for a halfpennyworth of tar to lose a loss to lose a mint to lose a mint of money to lose a sheep for a halfpennyworth of tar to make do and mend to make do force to make dog's meat of to make dogmeat of to make dole to make dolour to make domino to make doubt to make down to make draw a wry face or mouth to make draw a wry face or mouth wry faces to make draw a wry face or mouth wry mouths to make ducks and drakes of or with to make easting to make easy to make english to make entry

harbingern.

Derivatives

harbingerv.