hakaman.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːkəmə/, U.S.

/ˈhɑkəmə/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, hakamas.

Forms:

α. 1800s haka-ma, 1800s hakkama, 1800s– hakama, 1900s– hakima (nonstandard), 1900s– hakuma (rare).

β. 1800s vakama.

Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese hakama.

Etymology: < Japanese hakama, †fakama (8th cent; 1604 as facama in the supplement to Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam, glossed as ‘trousers, long underpants’), perhaps a compound < the base of haku to wear (on the legs) + the base of mo lower garment, with assimilation of the vowels.The β. forms reflect an earlier Japanese pronunciation.

A pair of wide, loose trousers with pleats at the waist worn in Japan, now chiefly as part of formal dress or by practitioners of Japanese martial arts.In quot. 1822 in a form which reflects an earlier Japanese pronunciation (not fully naturalized in English).A hakama is frequently worn together with a haori (haori n.); see quot. 1922.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > wide or loose

slops1481

shipman's hose1540

slop1560

shipman's breek1563

drawers1567

kelsouns1568

scaling1577

scavilones1577

scabilonian1600

calzoons1615

linings1631

swabber-slopsa1658

pantaloon1686

underslops1737

trousers1773

pyjamas1801

Cossacks1820

Turkish trousers1821

hakama1822

salwar1824

slacks1824

sherwal1844

overall1845

bag1853

sack-pants1856

bloomer1862

trouser skirt1883

petticoat trousers1885

mompe1908

step-in1922

bombachas1936

baggies1962

jams1966

palazzo1970

hose-

1822 F. Shoberl tr. I. Titsingh Illustr. Japan 117 The kamisimo is a state dress, composed of two garments, a short cloak without sleeves, and breeches...The cloak is called katagenou, and the breeches, vakama.

1839 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 30 i. 100 These four classes constitute the higher orders of Japanese, and enjoy..the envied privilege of wearing two swords, and the hakama, or petticoat-trousers.

1893 A. M. Bacon Japanese Interior vii. 119 The Japanese costume of purple hakama, or kilt-plaited divided skirt, which forms the uniform of the little school-girls.

1922 J. L. Street Mysterious Japan ii. 19 One or two of them wore the graceful and dignified hakama and haori—the silk skirt and coat of formal native dress.

1983 D. Craig IAI: Art of Drawing Sword ii. 24 The hakama allows complete movement and its big bell-bottoms permit good air circulation when you are practicing Iai-do.

2004 Daily Yomiuri 23 Mar. 3/1 (caption) Female graduates wearing hakama walk carefully in the cold rain Monday morning on their way to attend the Senshu University graduation ceremony.

Compounds

General attributive and appositive.

ΚΠ

1876 W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire ii. xv. 520 Tight trowsers and the hakama petticoats,..top-knots with shaven scalps, and hair cut in foreign fashion, alternated confusedly.

1896 Nineteenth Cent. Dec. 978 The old mourning garb of Japan—wide hakama trousers of black linen, with an overdress of white, and ceremonial black hat.

1936 North-China Herald 13 May 280/4 An elderly, bearded Briton wearing the ceremonial Japanese ‘haori’, with ‘hakama’ skirt.

1963 ‘G. Black’ Dragon for Christmas iv. 67 Mr. Kishimura opened the door wearing heavy grey-black silk robes, with the hakama over-garment.

1994 D. Guterson Snow Falling on Cedars xi. 144 His father had taken..his wooden kendo practice swords.., his hakama pants, his bokken—and buried them one night in a strawberry field.

2004 Independent 15 Jan. 50/4 The designer revealed the inspiration for his floor-sweeping skirts to be the warrior's traditional hakama garment.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hakama
释义	hakaman. Brit. /ˈhɑːkəmə/, U.S. /ˈhɑkəmə/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, hakamas. Forms: α. 1800s haka-ma, 1800s hakkama, 1800s– hakama, 1900s– hakima (nonstandard), 1900s– hakuma (rare). β. 1800s vakama. Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese hakama. Etymology: < Japanese hakama, †fakama (8th cent; 1604 as facama in the supplement to Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam, glossed as ‘trousers, long underpants’), perhaps a compound < the base of haku to wear (on the legs) + the base of mo lower garment, with assimilation of the vowels.The β. forms reflect an earlier Japanese pronunciation. A pair of wide, loose trousers with pleats at the waist worn in Japan, now chiefly as part of formal dress or by practitioners of Japanese martial arts.In quot. 1822 in a form which reflects an earlier Japanese pronunciation (not fully naturalized in English).A hakama is frequently worn together with a haori (haori n.); see quot. 1922. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > wide or loose slops1481 shipman's hose1540 slop1560 shipman's breek1563 drawers1567 kelsouns1568 scaling1577 scavilones1577 scabilonian1600 calzoons1615 linings1631 swabber-slopsa1658 pantaloon1686 underslops1737 trousers1773 pyjamas1801 Cossacks1820 Turkish trousers1821 hakama1822 salwar1824 slacks1824 sherwal1844 overall1845 bag1853 sack-pants1856 bloomer1862 trouser skirt1883 petticoat trousers1885 mompe1908 step-in1922 bombachas1936 baggies1962 jams1966 palazzo1970 hose- 1822 F. Shoberl tr. I. Titsingh Illustr. Japan 117 The kamisimo is a state dress, composed of two garments, a short cloak without sleeves, and breeches...The cloak is called katagenou, and the breeches, vakama. 1839 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 30 i. 100 These four classes constitute the higher orders of Japanese, and enjoy..the envied privilege of wearing two swords, and the hakama, or petticoat-trousers. 1893 A. M. Bacon Japanese Interior vii. 119 The Japanese costume of purple hakama, or kilt-plaited divided skirt, which forms the uniform of the little school-girls. 1922 J. L. Street Mysterious Japan ii. 19 One or two of them wore the graceful and dignified hakama and haori—the silk skirt and coat of formal native dress. 1983 D. Craig IAI: Art of Drawing Sword ii. 24 The hakama allows complete movement and its big bell-bottoms permit good air circulation when you are practicing Iai-do. 2004 Daily Yomiuri 23 Mar. 3/1 (caption) Female graduates wearing hakama walk carefully in the cold rain Monday morning on their way to attend the Senshu University graduation ceremony. Compounds General attributive and appositive. ΚΠ 1876 W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire ii. xv. 520 Tight trowsers and the hakama petticoats,..top-knots with shaven scalps, and hair cut in foreign fashion, alternated confusedly. 1896 Nineteenth Cent. Dec. 978 The old mourning garb of Japan—wide hakama trousers of black linen, with an overdress of white, and ceremonial black hat. 1936 North-China Herald 13 May 280/4 An elderly, bearded Briton wearing the ceremonial Japanese ‘haori’, with ‘hakama’ skirt. 1963 ‘G. Black’ Dragon for Christmas iv. 67 Mr. Kishimura opened the door wearing heavy grey-black silk robes, with the hakama over-garment. 1994 D. Guterson Snow Falling on Cedars xi. 144 His father had taken..his wooden kendo practice swords.., his hakama pants, his bokken—and buried them one night in a strawberry field. 2004 Independent 15 Jan. 50/4 The designer revealed the inspiration for his floor-sweeping skirts to be the warrior's traditional hakama garment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1822
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