† hamen.¹

Forms: Old English ham, (in combination) -hama, -homa (Middle English haum), Middle English–1500s hame.

Etymology: Old English -hama = Old Saxon, Old High German -hamo in combination ‘covering, garment’, Middle High German -hame , -ham ; also Old Norse hams , (Danish ham ) snake's slough, compare hames in quot. a1400².

Obsolete.

A covering, esp. a natural covering, integument; skin, membrane, slough (of a serpent).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily substance > membrane > [noun]

rimeOE

hameOE

skina1398

caul1398

shrine1398

tunicle1398

panniclea1400

pelliculea1400

slougha1400

membrane?a1425

pellicle?a1425

pellet?1440

enfolder1545

kell1545

involucre1578

skinlet1598

striffena1612

swathe1615

veil1639

tunic1661

swath-band1668

involucruma1676

wall1682

panniculus1702

theca1807

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > outer covering

hameOE

curtel1398

pelliculea1400

coatc1400

pellicle?a1425

investment1646

tegument1646

cataphragm1656

integument1664

cortexa1676

vagina1683

vaginula1698

scabbard1753

sheath1805

calyx1851

ocrea1890

tunica adventitia1890

OE Beowulf 1568 Bil eal ðurhwod fægne flæschoman.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 276/23 Camisa, ham.

a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 391 Offe he cast his dragons hame.

a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 385 Neptenabus..takeþ hym hames of dragon.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 224/2 Hame, thyn skynne of an eye, or oþer lyke, membranula.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iii. 1132 All þis ilk tyme þer was a hame Of blyndenes be-for þis ermytes yȝe.

1546 T. Phaer Bk. Children x. 5 The hame or skynne of an adder or a snake, that she casteth.

1560 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Life (rev. ed.) sig. Cvi An Adders hame sodden in wine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

hamen.²

Brit.

/heɪm/, U.S.

/heɪm/

Forms: Also 1500s haame, haume, holme, 1700s dialect hawm, 1800s heam, dialect haam, Scottish haim, hem.

Etymology: Not known before 1300. Corresponds to Middle Dutch hame, haem, Middle High German dialect hame, Dutch haam, Low German Westph. ham: perhaps from an Old Germanic root *ham- to hold against, hinder.

Each of two curved pieces of wood or metal placed over, fastened to, or forming, the collar of a draught horse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > collar > part of

hame13..

tee1494

bearing gear1616

pole piece1619

pole chain1725

afterwale1833

oxbow key1882

barge1908

13.. Gloss W. de Biblesw. (Arun. 220) lf. 302 in A. Way Promptorium Parvulorum (1865) 33 Les cous de chiuaus portunt esteles (gloss hames, MS. Phill. hamberwes). Coleres de quyr (gloss beruhames).

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 11496 Ȝyt wyl þey neuer shryue here shame, So are þey bounde yn þe fendes hame.

1483 Cath. Angl. 172/2 A Hame of a horse.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. x They must haue hombers, or collers holmes withed about [?1530 hombers or collers, holmes withed about] the[i]r tresses.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 425 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Euyr hamys [1579 Edinb. hamis] conuenient for sic note, And raw silk brechamys ouyr thair halsys hyngis.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11^v Collers, Bridle reynes, Headstalles..Haames.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Attelles, the haumes of a draught horses collar; the two flat sticks that incompasse it.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) 538 Horses with open collars, and large hames.

1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 167 Heams are the two irons which are placed round the neck collar.

1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Hem, a horse-collar.

1883 J. P. Groves From Cadet to Captain xxii. 223 Harnessing..Nellie's ponies..he managed to get the hames upside down, with the kidney-links on the top of the collars.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as hame-loop, hame-maker, hame-mounting, hame-rein, hame-strap, hame-terret, hame-tug.

ΚΠ

1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 160 The Heam Tugs..are rivetted to the heam loops.

1826 Sporting Mag. 18 393 A pole-chain may be unhooked, or a hame strap get loose.

1847–8 H. Miller First Impr. Eng. v. 73 Not a piece of hem-mounting or trace-chain, not a cart-axle or wheel-rim, was secure.

1902 Daily Chron. 9 July 3/6 Why a tight hame rein should be used on so many builders' and other carts is..a puzzle.

1908 Notes & Queries 10th Ser. X. 106 At the foot of a hill leading from Blackrock, near Brighton, to Rottingdean is a board with the inscription: ‘Please slacken hame-rein on going uphill.’

Draft additions March 2022

Irish English. to make a hames of: to do (something) very badly or ineptly; to make a mess of.In quot. 1909 apparently: to bring (a person) into disrepute; to ruin. [Perhaps originally with reference to the ease with which the curved hames could be positioned the wrong way up; compare quot. 1883 at main sense.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > bungle

botch1530

bungle1530

mumble1588

muddle1605

mash1642

bumble?1719

to fall through ——1726

fuck1776

blunder1805

to make a mull of1821

bitch1823

mess1823

to make a mess of1834

smudge1864

to muck up1875

boss1887

to make balls of1889

duff1890

foozle1892

bollocks1901

fluff1902

to make a muck of1903

bobble1908

to ball up1911

jazz1914

boob1915

to make a hash of1920

muff1922

flub1924

to make a hat of1925

to ass up1932

louse1934

screw1938

blow1943

to foul up1943

eff1945

balls1947

to make a hames of1947

to arse up1951

to fuck up1967

dork1969

sheg1981

bodge1984

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > make a mess of [verb (transitive)]

blow1943

to make a hames of1947

to cock up1948

goof1960

to fuck up1967

1909 Wicklow (Ireland) News-lett. 5 June 10/1 It was a lie to say he stole those things and he wanted to put a stop to the complainant ‘making a hames of him’.]

1947 Cork (Ireland) Examiner 19 June (City Special ed.) 7/5 Mr. Dillon said..that the Minister, as he..warned the House when the Minister was appointed, had made a hames of it.

1955 Irish Press 23 May 2 Drivers who are..continuously making a ‘hames’ of their driving..are a danger.

2019 Irish News (Nexis) 15 July a10 [He] should have had a goal when his man Sean Mullooly made a hames of a short kick-out.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hame
释义	† hamen.¹ Forms: Old English ham, (in combination) -hama, -homa (Middle English haum), Middle English–1500s hame. Etymology: Old English -hama = Old Saxon, Old High German -hamo in combination ‘covering, garment’, Middle High German -hame , -ham ; also Old Norse hams , (Danish ham ) snake's slough, compare hames in quot. a1400². Obsolete. A covering, esp. a natural covering, integument; skin, membrane, slough (of a serpent). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily substance > membrane > [noun] rimeOE hameOE skina1398 caul1398 shrine1398 tunicle1398 panniclea1400 pelliculea1400 slougha1400 membrane?a1425 pellicle?a1425 pellet?1440 enfolder1545 kell1545 involucre1578 skinlet1598 striffena1612 swathe1615 veil1639 tunic1661 swath-band1668 involucruma1676 wall1682 panniculus1702 theca1807 the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > outer covering hameOE curtel1398 pelliculea1400 coatc1400 pellicle?a1425 investment1646 tegument1646 cataphragm1656 integument1664 cortexa1676 vagina1683 vaginula1698 scabbard1753 sheath1805 calyx1851 ocrea1890 tunica adventitia1890 OE Beowulf 1568 Bil eal ðurhwod fægne flæschoman. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 276/23 Camisa, ham. a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 391 Offe he cast his dragons hame. a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 385 Neptenabus..takeþ hym hames of dragon. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 224/2 Hame, thyn skynne of an eye, or oþer lyke, membranula. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iii. 1132 All þis ilk tyme þer was a hame Of blyndenes be-for þis ermytes yȝe. 1546 T. Phaer Bk. Children x. 5 The hame or skynne of an adder or a snake, that she casteth. 1560 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Life (rev. ed.) sig. Cvi An Adders hame sodden in wine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021). hamen.² Brit. /heɪm/, U.S. /heɪm/ Forms: Also 1500s haame, haume, holme, 1700s dialect hawm, 1800s heam, dialect haam, Scottish haim, hem. Etymology: Not known before 1300. Corresponds to Middle Dutch hame, haem, Middle High German dialect hame, Dutch haam, Low German Westph. ham: perhaps from an Old Germanic root ham- to hold against, hinder. Each of two curved pieces of wood or metal placed over, fastened to, or forming, the collar of a draught horse. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > collar > part of hame13.. tee1494 bearing gear1616 pole piece1619 pole chain1725 afterwale1833 oxbow key1882 barge1908 13.. Gloss W. de Biblesw.* (Arun. 220) lf. 302 in A. Way Promptorium Parvulorum (1865) 33 Les cous de chiuaus portunt esteles (gloss hames, MS. Phill. hamberwes). Coleres de quyr (gloss beruhames). 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 11496 Ȝyt wyl þey neuer shryue here shame, So are þey bounde yn þe fendes hame. 1483 Cath. Angl. 172/2 A Hame of a horse. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. x They must haue hombers, or collers holmes withed about [?1530 hombers or collers, holmes withed about] the[i]r tresses. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 425 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Euyr hamys [1579 Edinb. hamis] conuenient for sic note, And raw silk brechamys ouyr thair halsys hyngis. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11^v Collers, Bridle reynes, Headstalles..Haames. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Attelles, the haumes of a draught horses collar; the two flat sticks that incompasse it. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) 538 Horses with open collars, and large hames. 1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 167 Heams are the two irons which are placed round the neck collar. 1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Hem, a horse-collar. 1883 J. P. Groves From Cadet to Captain xxii. 223 Harnessing..Nellie's ponies..he managed to get the hames upside down, with the kidney-links on the top of the collars. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as hame-loop, hame-maker, hame-mounting, hame-rein, hame-strap, hame-terret, hame-tug. ΚΠ 1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 160 The Heam Tugs..are rivetted to the heam loops. 1826 Sporting Mag. 18 393 A pole-chain may be unhooked, or a hame strap get loose. 1847–8 H. Miller First Impr. Eng. v. 73 Not a piece of hem-mounting or trace-chain, not a cart-axle or wheel-rim, was secure. 1902 Daily Chron. 9 July 3/6 Why a tight hame rein should be used on so many builders' and other carts is..a puzzle. 1908 Notes & Queries 10th Ser. X. 106 At the foot of a hill leading from Blackrock, near Brighton, to Rottingdean is a board with the inscription: ‘Please slacken hame-rein on going uphill.’ Draft additions March 2022 Irish English. to make a hames of: to do (something) very badly or ineptly; to make a mess of.In quot. 1909 apparently: to bring (a person) into disrepute; to ruin. [Perhaps originally with reference to the ease with which the curved hames could be positioned the wrong way up; compare quot. 1883 at main sense.] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > bungle botch1530 bungle1530 mumble1588 muddle1605 mash1642 bumble?1719 to fall through ——1726 fuck1776 blunder1805 to make a mull of1821 bitch1823 mess1823 to make a mess of1834 smudge1864 to muck up1875 boss1887 to make balls of1889 duff1890 foozle1892 bollocks1901 fluff1902 to make a muck of1903 bobble1908 to ball up1911 jazz1914 boob1915 to make a hash of1920 muff1922 flub1924 to make a hat of1925 to ass up1932 louse1934 screw1938 blow1943 to foul up1943 eff1945 balls1947 to make a hames of1947 to arse up1951 to fuck up1967 dork1969 sheg1981 bodge1984 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > make a mess of [verb (transitive)] blow1943 to make a hames of1947 to cock up1948 goof1960 to fuck up1967 1909 Wicklow (Ireland) News-lett. 5 June 10/1 It was a lie to say he stole those things and he wanted to put a stop to the complainant ‘making a hames of him’.] 1947 Cork (Ireland) Examiner 19 June (City Special ed.) 7/5 Mr. Dillon said..that the Minister, as he..warned the House when the Minister was appointed, had made a hames of it. 1955 Irish Press 23 May 2 Drivers who are..continuously making a ‘hames’ of their driving..are a danger. 2019 Irish News (Nexis) 15 July a10 [He] should have had a goal when his man Sean Mullooly made a hames of a short kick-out. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²13..
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† hamen.1

hamen.2

Compounds

Draft additions March 2022

† hamen.¹

hamen.²