groundseln.¹

/ˈɡraʊndsəl/

Forms: α. Old English gundæsuelg(i)æ, gundesuilge, grundeswel(i)ge, grundeswylige, Middle English grundeswulie, Middle English grundeswilie, grundeswylie, Middle English grounswili, Middle English groundeswele, groundesueli, grondeswyle, groundis walle, 1500s grundeswell, groundswel(l, 1500s–1600s grownswell, grunswel(l, (1800s dialect groundie-, grundy-swallow, grundy-swally, grinning-swallow, etc.). β. 1500s grounsel, 1500s–1700s groundsell, 1500s– groundsel. γ. 1500s–1600s grunsell, 1600s (1800s dialect) grunsel, (1800s dialect grinsel).

Etymology: Old English gundæswelg(i)æ (7th cent.), grundeswylige (10th cent.); of difficult etymology. Unless the word be corruptly adopted from some foreign language, the second element must be connected with swelgan to swallow, absorb. The earliest recorded form gundæswelgiæ has the appearance of being < gund pus (see gound n.); the resulting sense ‘pus-absorber’ is plausible, as the chopped leaves of the plant are still (in country places) used in poultices for reducing abscesses. If this be the true etymology, the form grundeswylige , whence the modern word is descended, must be due to popular etymology, the word being associated with grund ground n., as if meaning ‘ground-swallower’, with reference to the rapid spread of the weed. There is, however, an unexplained difficulty in the form of the first element (gundæ- instead of the normal gund-); and it cannot be positively affirmed that the form without the r is not a mistake, as the three glossaries in which it occurs are too closely related to be considered independent witnesses.

Any plant belonging to the genus Senecio (N.O. Compositæ), esp. S. vulgaris (‘common groundsel’), a common European weed, which is given as food to cage-birds and was formerly largely used for medical purposes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > groundsel (common groundsel)

groundsela700

sencionc1440

senacion1526

erigeron1601

simson1674

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > ragwort

groundsela700

ragwortc1300

bunweeda1525

senecio1562

St. James's wort1578

rugwort1592

felon-weed1597

staggerwort1597

staverwort1597

yellow-weed1597

ragweed1610

swine's grassa1697

hogs madder1707

sea-ragwort1736

dog standard1767

Jacobaea1789

swinecress1803

benweed1823

fly-dod1826

mountain groundsel1830

cushag1843

fairies' horse1866

Oxford ragwort1884

α.

a700 Epinal Gloss. 976 Senecen, gundaesuelgiae [Erfurt Gloss. gundaeswelge].

c725 Corpus Gloss. 1850 Senecen, gundesuilge.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 180 Ðeos wyrt ðe man senecio, & oðrum naman grundeswylige nemneð.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 124 Genim grunde swelgean þe on eorþan weaxeþ.

c1250 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 558/12 Iregerontis..grundeswilie.

a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 39 Senecio..grounswili.

c1400 in Henslow Med. Wks. 14th C. (1899) 9 Nyme horshouue, groundesueli, ysope [etc.].

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 135 Take grounde swele & daysyes..þe two deel of groundeswele, þe þridde part of daysyes.

c1460 Receipts in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 324 Take groundis walle that ys senchion.

1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Senecio Grunswell, & grundeswell.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. xvii. 570 The great Groundswel hath rough whitish leaves.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xlii. 276 Groundswell groweth in euery ground, and without any great care.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 311 Marcellus..addeth further, Grounswell, and the tender toppes of the Boxe-tree.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 60/1 Grunswel, or Groundsel.

1808–25 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Groundie-swallow, groundsel.

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Grundy-swallow.

β. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 132 Senecio is named..in English groundsel.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 216 The stalke of Groundsell is round.1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 629 There grow wild in the Woods, Plantane of all sorts, Groundsel [etc.].1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 25 Take a Handful of Groundsell.1830 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (1837) 319 S[enecio] viscosus. Stinking Groundsel... S. lividus. Green-scaled Groundsel... S. Sylvaticus. Mountain Groundsel.1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxxii. 219 Fresh groundsel, too, for Miss Maylie's birds.1871 H. Macmillan True Vine (1872) vii. 286 In the garden, the chickweed and the groundsel disfigure the beds of lilies and roses.γ. 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 27 Some commend a handfull of grunsell sodden in the aforesaide ale.1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cl. 228 The Latines call it Senecio..It is called in English Groundsell or Grunsell.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 89/2 Like Grunsel or a Succory leaf.1886 Chester Gloss. Grinsel, groundsel.1887 D. Donaldson Jamieson's Sc. Dict. Suppl. Grunsel, the common pron. of groundsel.

Compounds

groundsel-tree n. a North American shrub, Baccharis halimifolia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > North-American

wild tea1728

bastard indigo1730

mountain heath1731

groundsel-tree1736

amorpha1751

buttonbush1754

moosewood1778

pipestem wood1791

modesty1809

sand myrtle1814

wicopy1823

lead-plant1833

false indigo1841

sleek-leaf1845

arrow weed1848

rabbit bush1852

ribbonwood1860

rabbit brush1877

sea myrtle1883

pencil tree1884

tar-bush1884

ocean spray1906

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 340 You have also the black Hellebore now in Flower, with the Spurge Lawrel, Virginian Groundsel Tree.

1796 C. Marshall Gardening (1813) xix. 336 Groundsel tree, or ploughman's spikenard, must have a snug situation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

groundselground-silln.²

/ˈɡraʊndsəl/

/ˈɡraʊndsɪl/

Forms: Middle English gronsel, grondsil, grounselle, grownsel, growncelle, Middle English–1500s groundsille, Middle English–1600s grownsell, 1500s grunsell, grounsyll, 1500s–1600s groundsyll, groundcell, grounde sill, 1500s–1700s groundsell, 1600s groundcel, grunsill (also 1800s) grunsel, 1600s–1700s grundsil(l, groundsil, (1800s grounsel), 1500s– groundsel, groundsill.

Etymology: First in Middle English; apparently < ground n. + sill n.¹, but the earliest examples already show the second element reduced in form to a mere termination.

a. A timber serving as a foundation to carry a superstructure, esp. a wooden building; the lowest member of a wooden framework; a ground-plate; hence, the foundation or lowest part of any structure. Now rare except in technical use.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)

staddlea900

ground-stathelnessa1300

foundation1398

groundsel1433

ground-pinning1448

underpinning1538

groundworka1557

footing1611

substruction1624

under-filling1624

substructure1726

found1818

pinninga1825

well1832

soling1838

masonite1840

ground-statheling-

1406–7 Winchester College Acc. Roll In stipendiis ij positorum ponencium lez gronsell domus stauri.]

1433 J. Lydgate Legend St. Edmund iii. 1205 Oon at the grownsel [v.r. growncelle] lowe gan to myne.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 15 No stoon to be steryd of my graue, but a pet to be maad vnder the ground sille ther my lady Schardelowe was wont to sitte.

1486 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 253 For a grondsill of tymber.

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 473/2 He sheweth himself as wise, as one that lest hys rotten house should fall, wold..pull vp y^e groundsel to vndershore the sides with the same.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie iii. 16 No parte hath rest From roofe to groundsill.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 186 They first vndermined the groundsills, they beate downe the walles.

1611 R. Fenton Treat. Vsurie ii. vii. 64 If they find the foundation or groundcels vnsound, they haue great reason to suspect the building.

1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 37 The house must needs be in danger, when the groundsels are loosen'd.

1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 17 The Ground-cills, or Bottom-pieces of these Frames.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) Contents 13 The Groundsel of the Lantern applied and fitted to the Stone work.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. vi. 263 Patriotism rushes in,..from grundsel up to ridge-tile, through all rooms and passages.

1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) at Ground-plate After the fire of London it became usual to set the posts that carry the bressumer of a shop front on a ground sill.

1869 R. B. Smyth Gold Fields Victoria 612 Groundsill is that part of a drive-set of timber which is laid on the floor of a drive.

in extended use.1837 Medwin in Fraser's Mag. 16 232 Tear the firm-set groundsel of the world Up from its roots.

b. figurative. The foundation on which something (immaterial) is built up; an underlying principle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom

principlea1387

maximc1450

first principle1525

ground1528

principal1545

principium1550

protasis1572

theorem1588

postulate1590

axiom1593

groundsel1604

postulatuma1620

praecognitum1624

datum1646

self-evident1675

philosopheme1678

dictum of all and none1697

dictum of Aristotle1827

prius1882

ground rule1890

posit1900

1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vi. i. 2 The basis and groundsill of all militarie architecture.

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 322 An Heresie subuerting the maine ground-cel of our Religion.

1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. iv. 179 The barley-corne, the (Grownsell as it were, and simplest principle of Measures).

?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. iii. 39 The two main Groundsels of Priest-Craft's Antichristian Throne, is Avarice and Ambition.

2. The lower framing-timber of a door; a door-sill, threshold. †Also, a window-sill.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > threshold or door-step

thresholdeOE

hirst1513

groundsel1523

treadsole1543

door-sill1570

sill1600

step-stone1605

doorstep1810

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lv. 77 They made them to fall downe on the grounsyll of the gate.

1576 A. Fleming tr. P. Manutius in Panoplie Epist. 319 My threshold is even worn away, with the feete of right worshipful..men, that..thinke not scorne to step over and treade upon my groundcell.

a1633 G. Herbert Outlandish Prov. (1640) sig. B3^v The groundsell speakes not save what it heard at the hinges.

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 148 If the Window-Frame stands on a Timber-house, the Head and Groundsell are sometimes Tennanted into the Posts of the Carcass.

1709 Brit. Apollo 15–20 July Here prostrating low as the Groundsil.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 16/2 Doors..shou'd be of the heighth of the Diagonal of a Square whereof the Groundsell is one of the Sides.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 288 The groundsel, side-posts, and lintel of a barn-door.

3. attributive, as groundsel-bar, groundsel-edge, groundsel-plot.

ΚΠ

1598 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Colonies 19 Of the meanest townes to lay the grunsill-plot.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 460 Head and hands lopt off In his own Temple, on the grunsel edge, Where he fell flat.

1700 J. Addison Milton's Stile Imitated 77 He dash't and broke 'em on the grundsil edge.]

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 196 The Ground-sil bars of wrought iron.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† groundselgroundsillv.

Etymology: < groundsel n.²

transitive. To lay the foundation or threshold of.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > lay foundations

grounda1300

foundc1330

groundsel1486

lay1594

1486 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 255 For stonne and for ground~sillyng..of þe same bothes.

c1535 in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1886) 9 322 A howse..growncellyd w^t stone.

1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. xiv. 298 The milder glaunces sparkled on the Ground, And grunsild ev'ry doore with Diamond.

1651 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 188 Ye Carpenters account that did groundcell the Meetinghouse.

figurative.1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 99 They..groundsell their estates with damages, roof them with detriments.

Derivatives

ˈgroundselling n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations

foundationc1385

pinning1418

underpinning1486

groundselling1579

1579 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 182 For makyng of the chymney at the Fre Scole, and grounselyng of alle the house.

1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 687 Substructio, ..an vnderpinning, or groundsilling of an house, or making of a foundation vnder.

1623–4 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 388 Workmanshippe for planckinge, grondsellinge [etc.].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.¹a700

n.²1433

v.1486

单词	groundsel
释义	groundseln.¹ /ˈɡraʊndsəl/ Forms: α. Old English gundæsuelg(i)æ, gundesuilge, grundeswel(i)ge, grundeswylige, Middle English grundeswulie, Middle English grundeswilie, grundeswylie, Middle English grounswili, Middle English groundeswele, groundesueli, grondeswyle, groundis walle, 1500s grundeswell, groundswel(l, 1500s–1600s grownswell, grunswel(l, (1800s dialect groundie-, grundy-swallow, grundy-swally, grinning-swallow, etc.). β. 1500s grounsel, 1500s–1700s groundsell, 1500s– groundsel. γ. 1500s–1600s grunsell, 1600s (1800s dialect) grunsel, (1800s dialect grinsel). Etymology: Old English gundæswelg(i)æ (7th cent.), grundeswylige (10th cent.); of difficult etymology. Unless the word be corruptly adopted from some foreign language, the second element must be connected with swelgan to swallow, absorb. The earliest recorded form gundæswelgiæ has the appearance of being < gund pus (see gound n.); the resulting sense ‘pus-absorber’ is plausible, as the chopped leaves of the plant are still (in country places) used in poultices for reducing abscesses. If this be the true etymology, the form grundeswylige , whence the modern word is descended, must be due to popular etymology, the word being associated with grund ground n., as if meaning ‘ground-swallower’, with reference to the rapid spread of the weed. There is, however, an unexplained difficulty in the form of the first element (gundæ- instead of the normal gund-); and it cannot be positively affirmed that the form without the r is not a mistake, as the three glossaries in which it occurs are too closely related to be considered independent witnesses. Any plant belonging to the genus Senecio (N.O. Compositæ), esp. S. vulgaris (‘common groundsel’), a common European weed, which is given as food to cage-birds and was formerly largely used for medical purposes. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > groundsel (common groundsel) groundsela700 sencionc1440 senacion1526 erigeron1601 simson1674 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > ragwort groundsela700 ragwortc1300 bunweeda1525 senecio1562 St. James's wort1578 rugwort1592 felon-weed1597 staggerwort1597 staverwort1597 yellow-weed1597 ragweed1610 swine's grassa1697 hogs madder1707 sea-ragwort1736 dog standard1767 Jacobaea1789 swinecress1803 benweed1823 fly-dod1826 mountain groundsel1830 cushag1843 fairies' horse1866 Oxford ragwort1884 α. a700 Epinal Gloss. 976 Senecen, gundaesuelgiae [Erfurt Gloss. gundaeswelge]. c725 Corpus Gloss. 1850 Senecen, gundesuilge. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 180 Ðeos wyrt ðe man senecio, & oðrum naman grundeswylige nemneð. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 124 Genim grunde swelgean þe on eorþan weaxeþ. c1250 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 558/12 Iregerontis..grundeswilie. a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 39 Senecio..grounswili. c1400 in Henslow Med. Wks. 14th C. (1899) 9 Nyme horshouue, groundesueli, ysope [etc.]. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 135 Take grounde swele & daysyes..þe two deel of groundeswele, þe þridde part of daysyes. c1460 Receipts in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 324 Take groundis walle that ys senchion. 1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria at Senecio Grunswell, & grundeswell. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. xvii. 570 The great Groundswel hath rough whitish leaves. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. xlii. 276 Groundswell groweth in euery ground, and without any great care. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 311 Marcellus..addeth further, Grounswell, and the tender toppes of the Boxe-tree. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 60/1 Grunswel, or Groundsel. 1808–25 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Groundie-swallow, groundsel. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Grundy-swallow. β. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 132 Senecio is named..in English groundsel.1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 216 The stalke of Groundsell is round.1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 629 There grow wild in the Woods, Plantane of all sorts, Groundsel [etc.].1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 25 Take a Handful of Groundsell.1830 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (1837) 319 S[enecio] viscosus. Stinking Groundsel... S. lividus. Green-scaled Groundsel... S. Sylvaticus. Mountain Groundsel.1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxxii. 219 Fresh groundsel, too, for Miss Maylie's birds.1871 H. Macmillan True Vine (1872) vii. 286 In the garden, the chickweed and the groundsel disfigure the beds of lilies and roses.γ. 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 27 Some commend a handfull of grunsell sodden in the aforesaide ale.1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cl. 228 The Latines call it Senecio..It is called in English Groundsell or Grunsell.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 89/2 Like Grunsel or a Succory leaf.1886 Chester Gloss. Grinsel, groundsel.1887 D. Donaldson Jamieson's Sc. Dict. Suppl. Grunsel, the common pron. of groundsel. Compounds groundsel-tree n. a North American shrub, Baccharis halimifolia. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > North-American wild tea1728 bastard indigo1730 mountain heath1731 groundsel-tree1736 amorpha1751 buttonbush1754 moosewood1778 pipestem wood1791 modesty1809 sand myrtle1814 wicopy1823 lead-plant1833 false indigo1841 sleek-leaf1845 arrow weed1848 rabbit bush1852 ribbonwood1860 rabbit brush1877 sea myrtle1883 pencil tree1884 tar-bush1884 ocean spray1906 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 340 You have also the black Hellebore now in Flower, with the Spurge Lawrel, Virginian Groundsel Tree. 1796 C. Marshall Gardening (1813) xix. 336 Groundsel tree, or ploughman's spikenard, must have a snug situation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021). groundselground-silln.² /ˈɡraʊndsəl/ /ˈɡraʊndsɪl/ Forms: Middle English gronsel, grondsil, grounselle, grownsel, growncelle, Middle English–1500s groundsille, Middle English–1600s grownsell, 1500s grunsell, grounsyll, 1500s–1600s groundsyll, groundcell, grounde sill, 1500s–1700s groundsell, 1600s groundcel, grunsill (also 1800s) grunsel, 1600s–1700s grundsil(l, groundsil, (1800s grounsel), 1500s– groundsel, groundsill. Etymology: First in Middle English; apparently < ground n. + sill n.¹, but the earliest examples already show the second element reduced in form to a mere termination. 1. a. A timber serving as a foundation to carry a superstructure, esp. a wooden building; the lowest member of a wooden framework; a ground-plate; hence, the foundation or lowest part of any structure. Now rare except in technical use. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s) staddlea900 ground-stathelnessa1300 foundation1398 groundsel1433 ground-pinning1448 underpinning1538 groundworka1557 footing1611 substruction1624 under-filling1624 substructure1726 found1818 pinninga1825 well1832 soling1838 masonite1840 ground-statheling- 1406–7 Winchester College Acc. Roll In stipendiis ij positorum ponencium lez gronsell domus stauri.] 1433 J. Lydgate Legend St. Edmund iii. 1205 Oon at the grownsel [v.r. growncelle] lowe gan to myne. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 15 No stoon to be steryd of my graue, but a pet to be maad vnder the ground sille ther my lady Schardelowe was wont to sitte. 1486 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 253 For a grondsill of tymber. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 473/2 He sheweth himself as wise, as one that lest hys rotten house should fall, wold..pull vp y^e groundsel to vndershore the sides with the same. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie iii. 16 No parte hath rest From roofe to groundsill. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 186 They first vndermined the groundsills, they beate downe the walles. 1611 R. Fenton Treat. Vsurie ii. vii. 64 If they find the foundation or groundcels vnsound, they haue great reason to suspect the building. 1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 37 The house must needs be in danger, when the groundsels are loosen'd. 1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 17 The Ground-cills, or Bottom-pieces of these Frames. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) Contents 13 The Groundsel of the Lantern applied and fitted to the Stone work. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. vi. 263 Patriotism rushes in,..from grundsel up to ridge-tile, through all rooms and passages. 1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) at Ground-plate After the fire of London it became usual to set the posts that carry the bressumer of a shop front on a ground sill. 1869 R. B. Smyth Gold Fields Victoria 612 Groundsill is that part of a drive-set of timber which is laid on the floor of a drive. in extended use.1837 Medwin in Fraser's Mag. 16 232 Tear the firm-set groundsel of the world Up from its roots. b. figurative. The foundation on which something (immaterial) is built up; an underlying principle. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom principlea1387 maximc1450 first principle1525 ground1528 principal1545 principium1550 protasis1572 theorem1588 postulate1590 axiom1593 groundsel1604 postulatuma1620 praecognitum1624 datum1646 self-evident1675 philosopheme1678 dictum of all and none1697 dictum of Aristotle1827 prius1882 ground rule1890 posit1900 1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vi. i. 2 The basis and groundsill of all militarie architecture. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 322 An Heresie subuerting the maine ground-cel of our Religion. 1627 G. Hakewill Apologie iii. iv. 179 The barley-corne, the (Grownsell as it were, and simplest principle of Measures). ?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. iii. 39 The two main Groundsels of Priest-Craft's Antichristian Throne, is Avarice and Ambition. 2. The lower framing-timber of a door; a door-sill, threshold. †Also, a window-sill. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > threshold or door-step thresholdeOE hirst1513 groundsel1523 treadsole1543 door-sill1570 sill1600 step-stone1605 doorstep1810 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lv. 77 They made them to fall downe on the grounsyll of the gate. 1576 A. Fleming tr. P. Manutius in Panoplie Epist. 319 My threshold is even worn away, with the feete of right worshipful..men, that..thinke not scorne to step over and treade upon my groundcell. a1633 G. Herbert Outlandish Prov. (1640) sig. B3^v The groundsell speakes not save what it heard at the hinges. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 148 If the Window-Frame stands on a Timber-house, the Head and Groundsell are sometimes Tennanted into the Posts of the Carcass. 1709 Brit. Apollo 15–20 July Here prostrating low as the Groundsil. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 16/2 Doors..shou'd be of the heighth of the Diagonal of a Square whereof the Groundsell is one of the Sides. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 288 The groundsel, side-posts, and lintel of a barn-door. 3. attributive, as groundsel-bar, groundsel-edge, groundsel-plot. ΚΠ 1598 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Colonies 19 Of the meanest townes to lay the grunsill-plot. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 460 Head and hands lopt off In his own Temple, on the grunsel edge, Where he fell flat. View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Addison Milton's Stile Imitated 77 He dash't and broke 'em on the grundsil edge.] 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 196 The Ground-sil bars of wrought iron. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † groundselgroundsillv. Etymology: < groundsel n.² transitive. To lay the foundation or threshold of. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > lay foundations grounda1300 foundc1330 groundsel1486 lay1594 1486 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 255 For stonne and for ground~sillyng..of þe same bothes. c1535 in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1886) 9 322 A howse..growncellyd w^t stone. 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. xiv. 298 The milder glaunces sparkled on the Ground, And grunsild ev'ry doore with Diamond. 1651 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 188 Ye Carpenters account that did groundcell the Meetinghouse. figurative.1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 99 They..groundsell their estates with damages, roof them with detriments. Derivatives ˈgroundselling n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations foundationc1385 pinning1418 underpinning1486 groundselling1579 1579 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 182 For makyng of the chymney at the Fre Scole, and grounselyng of alle the house. 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 687 Substructio, ..an vnderpinning, or groundsilling of an house, or making of a foundation vnder. 1623–4 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 388 Workmanshippe for planckinge, grondsellinge [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹a700n.²1433v.1486
随便看	monogrammal monogrammatic monogrammatical monogrammatize monogrammed monogrammer monogrammers monogrammic monogrammical monogramming monogrammist monogrammous monograms monograph monographed monographer monographers monographes monographic monographical monographically monographies monographing monographist monographists

groundseln.1

Compounds

groundselground-silln.2

† groundselgroundsillv.

Derivatives

groundseln.¹

groundselground-silln.²