gudgeonn.1
/ˈɡʌdʒən/ 1. † b. Applied to fishes of the genus Gobius or family Gobiidæ: see goby n.2 sea gudgeon, the Black Goby or Rock-fish. Obsolete.
a. A small European freshwater fish ( Gobio fluviatilis), much used for bait.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Gobioidei > family Gobiidae > member of genus Gobius
gudgeonc1425
black goby1769
pollywog1836
leopard-spotted goby1959
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > gobio fluviatilis (gudgeon)
grundel14..
gudgeonc1425
gull1495
flexpeng?a1500
quab1598
groundling1601
quabling1617
c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 642/20 Hic gobio, gojune.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 60 Goions fryid.
a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883 15 Ye schall angle..for the wexen Roche the bleke and the gogyn & þe Roffe with a lynne of ii herys.
1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 11 Loches gogeorns.
1558 Act 1 Eliz. c. 17 §4 Places where Smelts, Loches, Minnies, Bulheads, Gudgions or Eels, have been used to be taken.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Niv/2 A Gogeon, fish, gobio.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta iv. 81 The Gudgion, and other such little fishes are of pleasant taste.
1627 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman (rev. ed.) xviii. 305 The Gudgin, Roch and Dace, which are Fish of eager byte and soonest deceiued.
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 11 Bait your Hooks with..Menowes, or Gudgins.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xi. 203 The Gudgion is an excellent fish to eat. View more context for this quotation
1712 Proposals for printing Treat. Art of Political Lying 16 When there is too great a Quantity of Worms, it is hard to catch Gudgeons.
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 535 Gudgeons must be scaled, gutted and washed, then floured and put into the hot lard.
1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 483 Minnows and gudgeons gorge the unwholesome food.
1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) III. 82 The food of the Gudgeon consists of aquatic plants, worms, the larvae of water insects, and the spawn of fish.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xi. 91 Gudgeons had to be caught for bait.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Gobioidei > family Gobiidae > member of (goby)
gull1495
gudgeon1584
quab1598
quabling1617
goby1769
gobioid1845
sea-gudgeon1864
gobiid1883
oysterfish1903
sand goby1911
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Gobioidei > family Gobiidae > member of genus Gobius > gobius niger (sea gudgeon)
sea gudgeon1584
rockfish1605
sea-cob1655
bergylt1809
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health clxxvii. 143 Gogion..is found as well in the Sea as in fresh waters.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 205 Sea Gudgions, called Paganelli, and by some Sea Cobs, are a most sound, light, wholesome, and nourishing meat.
1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 174 The Black Goby... Sea Gudgeon. Rock-fish.
1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 308 Aristotle mentions the gudgeon in two places; once as a river fish, and again as a species that was gregarious: in a third place he describes it as a sea fish.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 307 The Gobius or Gudgeon.
2. figurative.
a. One that will bite at any bait or swallow anything: a credulous, gullible person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > [noun] > gullible person, dupe
foola1382
woodcockc1430
geckc1530
cousinc1555
cokes1567
milch cow1582
gudgeon1584
coney1591
martin1591
gull1594
plover1599
rook1600
gull-finch1604
cheatee1615
goata1616
whirligig1624
chouse1649
coll1657
cully1664
bubble1668
lamb1668
Simple Simon?1673
mouth1680
dupe1681
cull1698
bub1699
game1699
muggins1705
colour1707
milk cow1727
flat1762
gulpin1802
slob1810
gaggee1819
sucker1838
hoaxee1840
softie1850
foozle1860
lemon1863
juggins1882
yob1886
patsy1889
yapc1894
fall guy1895
fruit1895
meemaw1895
easy mark1896
lobster1896
mark1896
wise guy1896
come-on1897
pushover1907
John1908
schnookle1908
Gretchen1913
jug1914
schnook1920
soft touch1924
prospect1931
steamer1932
punter1934
dill1941
Joe Soap1943
possum1945
Moreton Bay1953
easy touch1959
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xii. xvi. 257 They would doo no harme, were it not to make fooles, and catch gudgins.
1657 M. Hawke Killing is Murder & No Murder 51 They will not swallow this Impostors principles of knavery, which none but fools and gudgeons will.
1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man i. 8 Did ever two old Gudgeons swallow so Greedily?
1728 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 165 You are a mere wag, sister, to think London ladies such gudgeons as to bite at anything.
1786 J. Wolcot Bozzy & Piozzi ii. 11 In vain at glory gudgeon Boswell snaps.
1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. i. iv. 35 A conjecture..too tempting not to be immediately snapped at by the gudgeons of learning.
1839 in Spirit Metrop. Conservative Press (1840) I. 141 The stupid gudgeons who swallowed the Hanover lie in 1837.
b. A bait, something swallowed greedily or credulously: in to gape for gudgeons, to swallow a gudgeon, to give a gudgeon.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > [noun]
neteOE
angleOE
grinc1000
trapc1175
caltropa1300
lacec1330
girnc1375
espyc1380
webc1400
hook1430
settingc1430
lure1463
stall?a1500
stalea1529
toil1548
intrap1550
hose-net1554
gudgeon1577
mousetrap1577
trapfall1596
ensnarementa1617
decoy1655
cobweba1657
trepan1665
snap1844
deadfall1860
Judas1907
tanglefoot1908
catch-221963
trip-wire1971
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 91/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Do you thinke that James was so madde, as to gape for Gogions, or so vngracious, as to sell his trueth for a peece of Ireland?
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 34 But what fishe soeuer you bee you haue made both mee and Philautus to swallow a Gudgen.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 42 b To force us to beleeve that which is false, which is nothing else but to give us a gudgin, and flout us.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Sciarpellone, a grosse ly, an vnluckie tale, as we say a gudgeon or lying for the whetstone.
1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. sig. B3v Heres a most sweet Gudgeon swallowed, is there not?
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse Ep. to Rdr. 2 I know right well thou usest not to gape after gougins.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote IV. xxix. 221 The Gullings and Gudgeons that he had given him.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng (1725) 122 Readers would never be induced to swallow such a Gudgeon, as that seven-penny Men should be fed with Venison.
1892 National Observer 23 July 235/1 It has educated Hodge into an increased readiness to gorge any gudgeon that may be offered him.
Compounds
General attributive. C1.
gudgeon-dole n.
ΚΠ
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 61 I haue distributed gudgeon dole amongst them, as Gods plenty as any stripling of my slender portion of witte farre or neere.
gudgeon-fish n.
ΚΠ
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ghiozzo,..some take it for a Gudgeon-fish.
gudgeon-fishing n.
ΚΠ
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Fishing Gudgeon Fishing.
1889 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Bk. All-round Angler (new ed.) i. 99 The Thames method of Gudgeon-fishing.
gudgeon-gift n.
ΚΠ
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. T.iii The fisher man doth count no care, To cast hys nets to wracke or wast, And in reward of eche mans share. A gogen gift is much imbrast.
gudgeon-prince n.
ΚΠ
a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Poverty (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1730) I. 90 This is a bait they often throw out to such gudgeon-princes as will nibble at it.
gudgeon-rake n.
ΚΠ
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 59 When you angle for them, be provided with a gudgeon-rake, with which rake the ground every ten minutes which gathers them together.
gudgeon-swim n.
ΚΠ
1889 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Bk. All-round Angler (new ed.) i. 99 By the side of the gudgeon-swim.
C2.
gudgeon-like adj.
ΚΠ
1792 J. Wolcot Epist. to Sir W. Hamilton in Wks. (1812) III. 188 Gudgeon-like prepared to bite.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
gudgeonn.2
/ˈɡʌdʒən/ 1. A pivot, usually of metal, fixed on or let into the end of a beam, spindle, axle, etc., and on which a wheel turns, a bell swings, or the like; in later use more widely applied to various kinds of journals (journal n. 10) and similar parts of machinery.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > parts of > journal
gudgeon1400
journal1814
journey1814
axle-journal1849
1400 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 195 Payd to ed. Smyth, for a gudyon and kays.
1408 Durham Acc. Roll in Eng. Hist. Rev. XIV. 518 Soluta..pro..ii gogoynes ferri..emptis pro fine del axeltre rotae aquaticae.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 201/2 Goione of a poleyn (MS. Harl. 2274 goyvn off a polene) vertibulum, C.F. cardo.
1555 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 86 Item a gogon for a possenet, jd.
1555 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 62 For mendynge gugyne, and settynge upright the secound belle..xijd.
1587–8 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 136 Mending of a Goudgen of the great bell.
1634 J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art (1654) 52 The gudgins of this wheel must be set to turn in strong brasse sockets.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 462/1 The Guggions, great Iron pins put in the Head stock, for the Bell to turn with.
1762 B. Franklin Let. 13 July in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1769) 431 The spindle which is of hard iron..is made to turn on brass gudgeons at each end.
1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 296 Iron plates, in which the gudgeons of the fore wheel are placed.
1805 D. Brewster in Ferguson's Lect. Mech. (new ed.) II. 82 The extremities of an axle or spindle..are called gudgeons when the wheels are large.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 47 The gudgeons of a water-wheel should never rest on the wall of the building. It shakes it.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 750 The gudgeons..move in brass bushes fixed upon iron supports.
1884 R. D. Blackmore Hist. Sir T. Upmore I. 275 He would lend them a spare wheel-barrow, if they would put new gudgeons in.
2. The ring or ‘eye’ in the ‘heel’ of a gate which turns on the hook or pintle in the gatepost.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg > on which anything turns
swivel1307
pivot1398
gudgeon1496
turning-pin1591
tampion1611
trunniona1625
pole1633
swipple1691
spill1731
millier1778
turn-pin1862
hinge-pin1881
1496 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 291 For a gogion to þe Town Hall dore.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xlvi. 602 In the same Manner as we fix the Gudgeons of a Door in Stone, by melting Lead into the Cavities.
1886 in R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester
3. Nautical.
a. A metal socket in which the pintle of a rudder turns.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > rudder > pin or socket
pintle1486
gudgeon1589
brace1850
1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 124 Our pinnesse broke one of the gudgions of her rudder.
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 3 The Carpenter..is to haue the..rudder-irons, called pintels and gudgions.
1723 London Gaz. No. 6224/5 The Middle Gudgeon of her Rudder broken off.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Googings,..clamps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon to hang the rudder, and keep it steddy.
1815 ‘J. Mathers’ Hist. Mr. John Decastro & Brother Bat I. 313 Madam Stickleback..turned round in it [her bed] as if Madam Stickleback's body moved upon a gudgeon and pintle exactly in the middle of her bed.
1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 77 Sometimes the braces or gudgeons for the rudder are forged to the post.
Categories »
b. One of ‘the notches made in the carrick-bits for receiving the metal bushes wherein the spindle of a windlass works’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > [noun] > mass or lump of
gobbeta1382
gudgeon14..
mass1477
14.. Siege Jerusalem 26/467 A which of white seluere; wal[w]ynde þer-ynne On four goions of gold, þat hit fram grounde bar.
1488 in P. F. Tytler Inventory Jewels James III (1864) II. 393 Item a grete gugeoune of gold.
5. A metallic pin used for securing together two blocks or slabs of stone, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg > for fastening stone slabs
gudgeon1873
1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 387/2 Marble workers mount and fasten their works upon plaster mixed with a third-part of dust... These are joined together by cramps and gudgeons of iron and copper.
6. attributive, as gudgeon end, gudgeon-pin, gudgeon-plate.
ΚΠ
1839 A. Bywater Sheffield Dial. (new ed.) 26 Dustah kno what sooat on a thing 't north powl is, Jerra? J. Hah sloik e doo. Its't gudgen end o 't world axeltree, wot sticks aht.
1879 Man. Siege & Garrison Artillery Exercises iii. §7. 101 6 and 7 hand the gun roller to No. 1, who places it in the lower steps of the gudgeon plates.
1891 Times 12 Oct. 10/6 Previous to leaving the persistent heating and scoring of her gudgeon-pins had been effectually overcome by the substitution of wrought-iron case-hardened pins for the original ones made of steel.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
gudgeonv.
/ˈɡʌdʒən/ a. intransitive. To play the gudgeon (see quot. 1785).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > set a trap [verb (intransitive)] > be ensnared
in by the week1534
bite1752
gudgeon1785
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Gudgeon, to swallow the bait, or fall into a trap, from the fish of that name which is easily taken.
b. transitive. To cheat, defraud of, delude into.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)]
deceivec1330
defraud1362
falsec1374
abuse?a1439
fraud1563
visure1570
cozen1583
coney-catch1592
to fetch in1592
cheat1597
sell1607
mountebanka1616
dabc1616
nigglea1625
to put it on1625
shuffle1627
cuckold1644
to put a cheat on1649
tonya1652
fourbe1654
imposturea1659
impose1662
slur1664
knap1665
to pass upon (also on)1673
snub1694
ferret1699
nab1706
shool1745
humbug1750
gag1777
gudgeon1787
kid1811
bronze1817
honeyfuggle1829
Yankee1837
middle1863
fuck1866
fake1867
skunk1867
dead-beat1888
gold-brick1893
slicker1897
screw1900
to play it1901
to do in1906
game1907
gaff1934
scalp1939
sucker1939
sheg1943
swizz1961
butt-fuck1979
1787 Generous Attachm. I. 197 Mr. and Mrs. Angle..will have the satisfaction of seeing..every person in Bath gudgeoned into an idea of their importance.
1826 W. Scott Woodstock II. iv. 106 To be..gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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