gramen.

/ɡreɪm/

Forms: α. Old English–Middle English grama, Middle English–1500s gram, (Middle English graim, 1500s gramm), Middle English– grame. β. Middle English grome.

Etymology: Old English grama , related to gram grame adj. Compare greme n.

Obsolete exc. archaic.

†1. Anger, wrath, ire. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [noun]

irrec825

gramec1000

brathc1175

wrathc1175

mooda1225

ortha1225

felonyc1290

irea1300

greme13..

thro1303

wrathhead1303

errorc1320

angera1325

gremth1340

iroura1380

brethc1380

couragec1386

heavinessc1386

felona1400

follya1400

wrathnessc1440

choler1530

blast1535

malice1538

excandescency1604

stomachosity1656

bad blood1664

corruption1799

needle1874

irateness1961

α.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xix. 25 God towearp þa swa mid graman þa burga.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 120 Wel hi sind Dere gehatene forðan ðe hi sind fram graman generode.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Þa nam he mulcene gramen and andan to ðan mannum.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 2423 Þe king was radd for godds gram.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 596 Olyuere stert vp hol & sound & spekeþ til him wyþ grame.

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1223 Hyt ys grete schame On a hors to wreke thy grame!

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) ii. l. 990 in Shorter Poems (1967) 66 Out on sik gram I wyll serue na repreif.

1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Psalm ii. 5 Grame, grimnesse or fierceness of countenance.

β. a1225 Juliana 26 Þe reue rudnede ant o grome grede.c1300 Passion our Lord 72 in Old Eng. Misc. 39 Þe Gywes..þerof hi hedde grome.c1325 Body & Soul 70 Mid Godes grom.

2. Grief, sorrow; harm. In plural. Troubles.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]

sorec888

teeneOE

sorrowOE

workOE

wrakeOE

careOE

gramec1000

harmOE

howc1000

trayOE

woweOE

angec1175

derfnessc1175

sytec1175

unwinc1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

derf?c1225

grief?c1225

misease?c1225

misliking?c1225

ofthinkingc1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

pinec1275

distress1297

grievancea1300

penancea1300

cumbermentc1300

languorc1300

cumbering1303

were1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

woea1325

painc1330

tribulationc1330

illa1340

threst1340

constraintc1374

troublenessc1380

afflictiona1382

bruisinga1382

miseasetya1382

pressurec1384

exercisec1386

miscomfortc1390

mislikea1400

smarta1400

thronga1400

balec1400

painfulnessc1400

troublancec1400

smartness?c1425

painliness1435

perplexity?a1439

penalty?1462

calamity1490

penality1496

cumber?a1513

sussy1513

tribule1513

afflict?1529

vexation of spirit1535

troublesomeness1561

hoe1567

grievedness1571

tribulance1575

languishment1576

thrall1578

tine1590

languorment1593

aggrievedness1594

obturbation1623

afflictedness1646

erumny1657

pathos1684

shock1705

dree1791

vex1815

wrungnessa1875

dukkha1886

thinkache1892

sufferation1976

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun]

rueeOE

teeneOE

sorrowOE

gramec1000

sytec1175

ruthc1225

dolea1240

balec1275

sighinga1300

dolour13..

ermingc1300

heartbreakc1330

discomfortc1350

griefa1375

tristourc1380

desolation1382

sichinga1387

tristesse1390

compassiona1400

rueinga1400

smarta1400

displeasure14..

gremec1400

heavity14..

dillc1420

notea1425

discomforturec1450

dolefulnessc1450

wandremec1450

regratec1485

doleance1490

trista1510

mispleasance1532

pathologiesa1586

balefulness1590

drearing1591

distressedness1592

woenessa1600

desertion1694

ruesomeness1881

schmerz1887

α.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 212 Æppla gaderian graman ge[tacnað].

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 67 Mid te bitere grame þat alle synfulle men schule þolen on domes dai.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiv. 4 Þat..he dide to his neghburgh iuel ne gram.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8405 He is wis and o redi tung, þat neuer serued grefe ne grame.

c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 1030 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 259 That valyaunt knyght am I, That saued youe thre tymes fro grame.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 161 All ȝour solace sall returne in gram.

?1565 Smyth that forged New Dame sig. B.i ^v Age doth me muche grame.

1597 N. Mother's Blessing E 6 Gif thou haue an euill name It will turne the to grame.

1865 A. C. Swinburne Masque Queen Bersabe 114 By Termagaunt that maketh grame.

1872 D. G. Rossetti Staff & Scrip in Poems (ed. 6) 49 God's strength shall be my trust, Fall it to good or grame 'Tis in his name.

β. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 719 Ȝe doð þan kinge muchel scome þer-fore ȝe sculen han grome [c1300 Otho grame].c1275 Sinners Beware 335 in Old Eng. Misc. 83 Þu vs hauest iwroht þes schome And alle þene eche grome.c1306 Pol. Songs (Camden) 219 Oure wajour turneth us to grome.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† grameadj.

Forms: α. Old English gram, Middle English Orm. gramm, Middle English gram, Middle English– grame. β. Old English, Middle English grom.

Etymology: Old English gram , grǫm = Old High German, Old Saxon gram , Old Norse gram-r , < Germanic root *gram- , grem- : see grim n.

Obsolete.

1. (a) Angry; vexed; furious; (transferred of heat) fierce. (b) Grieved, sorrowful.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]

irrec825

gramec893

wemodc897

wrothc950

bolghenc1000

gramelyc1000

hotOE

on fireOE

brathc1175

moodyc1175

to-bollenc1175

wrethfulc1175

wraw?c1225

agrameda1300

wrathfula1300

agremedc1300

hastivec1300

irousa1340

wretheda1340

aniredc1350

felonc1374

angryc1380

upreareda1382

jealous1382

crousea1400

grieveda1400

irefula1400

mada1400

teena1400

wraweda1400

wretthy14..

angryc1405

errevousa1420

wrothy1422

angereda1425

passionatec1425

fumous1430

tangylc1440

heavy1452

fire angry1490

wrothsomea1529

angerful?1533

wrothful?1534

wrath1535

provoked1538

warm1547

vibrant1575

chauffe1582

fuming1582

enfeloned1596

incensed1597

choleric1598

inflameda1600

raiseda1600

exasperate1601

angried1609

exasperated1611

dispassionate1635

bristlinga1639

peltish1648

sultry1671

on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672

nangry1681

ugly1687

sorea1694

glimflashy1699

enraged1732

spunky1809

cholerous1822

kwaai1827

wrathy1828

angersome1834

outraged1836

irate1838

vex1843

raring1845

waxy1853

stiff1856

scotty1867

bristly1872

hot under the collar1879

black angry1894

spitfire1894

passionful1901

ignorant1913

hairy1914

snaky1919

steamed1923

uptight1934

broigus1937

lemony1941

ripped1941

pissed1943

crooked1945

teed off1955

ticked off1959

ripe1966

torqued1967

bummed1970

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]

sorelyc888

gramec893

sorrowfuleOE

unblithec897

sorryeOE

carefulOE

charyOE

sickOE

yomerOE

sorry-moodOE

sweerc1000

yomerlyOE

sorrilyOE

woea1200

balec1220

sorry?c1225

sorec1275

gremefula1300

sada1300

ruthlyc1300

thoughtfulc1300

woebegonea1325

heavyc1330

grievousc1374

woefula1375

sorrowya1382

dereful?a1400

sorousa1400

sytefula1400

teenfula1400

wrotha1400

balefulc1400

tristy?c1400

tristc1420

dolefulc1430

wapped in woec1440

yhevidc1440

dolenta1450

condolentc1460

discomforted1477

tristfula1492

sorrow1496

dram?a1513

dolorous1513

earnful?1527

troublous1535

amort1546

mournfula1558

passioned1560

sadded1566

tristive1578

distressed1586

passionate1586

sorrowed1596

distressful1601

passionful1605

sighful1606

contristed1625

anguishinga1642

sadful1658

saddened1665

tristitious1694

sick as a parrot1705

pangful1727

woesome1778

grieving1807

ruesome1833

yearned1838

doleant1861

mournsome1869

thoughted1869

tragical1887

grief-stricken1905

α.

OE Beowulf 777 Þær þa graman wunnon.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 10 Hwi synt ȝe grame [L. molesti] þysum wife?

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7145 Maþþew..seȝȝþ..Þatt tatt unnfæle herode king. Wass gramm. & grill.

c1275 Laȝamon Brut 24774 Þe he greteþ mid his grame wordes.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2469 God was him gram.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1228 Bi ðe desert a-wei che nam, In ard weie and hete gram.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 106 Hir dede dos him fulle gram.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^* To greif thair gomys gramest that wer.

1560 Proude Wyues Pater noster 190 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 160 Forbere your husbonde whan he is grame.

β. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. ii. iv. §6 He swa grom wearð on his mode.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 992 Hweþer is betere of twere twom, That mon beo bliþe oþer grom.

2. absol. as n. plural. Devils. [So Old Saxon gramon, Old Norse gramer.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > collectively

gramec1175

potestatec1384

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 103 He..maceð of cristes leoman heoranna [read horena] leoman and of godes husa gromena wuniunge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† gramev.

Forms: α. Middle English gramie(n, Middle English– grame. β. Middle English gromien.

Etymology: < grame adj. Compare greme v.

Obsolete.

1. impersonal as in (it) grames me: I am grieved, vexed, displeased, in distress.

ΚΠ

α.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 69 Þanne ne þarf us noðer gramien, ne shamien.

c1275 Laȝamon Brut 25216 Fol sore ous may samie and wel sore gramie.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 691 Oþer weys þee schal grame.

14.. Pilgrim's Sea Voy. (E.E.T.S.) i. 3 Many a man hit gramys, When they begyn to sayle.

β. a1225 Leg. Kath. 2075 Þe king walde weden, swa him gromede wið ham.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12584 Ful swiðe us mæi scomien and ful swiðe us mai gromien [c1300 Otho gramie].

2. intransitive. To be vexed or displeased; to fret.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed [verb (intransitive)]

gramea1225

aruea1230

irkc1330

teena1400

it irks (me)1483

heavec1540

vex1592

chagrin1728

α.

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles Prol. 41 I wolde be gladde þat his gost myȝte..grame if it greued him.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17836 Wid þair hertis gun þai grame.

a1420 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems (1892) 43 Stif stande in þat & yee shuln greeue & grame.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fi ^v The crane and the curlewe thereat gan to grame.

β. a1225 Juliana 66 Þe reue gromede þat he grispatede aȝein þet wod he walde iwurðen.

3. transitive. To anger, grieve, vex.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry

wrethec900

abelgheeOE

abaeileOE

teenOE

i-wrathec1075

wratha1200

awratha1250

gramec1275

forthcalla1300

excitea1340

grieve1362

movea1382

achafea1400

craba1400

angerc1400

mada1425

provokec1425

forwrecchec1450

wrothc1450

arage1470

incensea1513

puff1526

angry1530

despite1530

exasperate1534

exasper1545

stunt1583

pepper1599

enfever1647

nanger1675

to put or set up the back1728

roil1742

outrage1818

to put a person's monkey up1833

to get one's back up1840

to bring one's nap up1843

rouse1843

to get a person's shirt out1844

heat1855

to steam up1860

to get one's rag out1862

steam1922

to burn up1923

to flip out1964

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1603 Ah þu me hauest sore igramed [a1300 Jesus Oxf. igremed] Þat min heorte is wel neh alamed.

c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 548 And for a lytyl wurde þou wylt men grame.

c1350 Barlam & Jos. (Bodl.) 908 Þæt þu me hast gramyd þin hert auȝt be sor.

c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 27 Gret schame it is us nakyd to se, Our lord God thus to grame.

c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 348 Þan may þe sewere his lord serue & neythur of yow be gramed.

Derivatives

† ˈgraming n. and adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 A þer [in helle] is waning and graming and toþen grisbating.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3054 Þa seide Gudlakes sune. mid gromiende [c1300 Otho gram] speche. Ȝif [etc.].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.c1000

adj.c893

v.c1175

单词	grame
释义	gramen. /ɡreɪm/ Forms: α. Old English–Middle English grama, Middle English–1500s gram, (Middle English graim, 1500s gramm), Middle English– grame. β. Middle English grome. Etymology: Old English grama , related to gram grame adj. Compare greme n. Obsolete exc. archaic. †1. Anger, wrath, ire. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] irrec825 gramec1000 brathc1175 wrathc1175 mooda1225 ortha1225 felonyc1290 irea1300 greme13.. thro1303 wrathhead1303 errorc1320 angera1325 gremth1340 iroura1380 brethc1380 couragec1386 heavinessc1386 felona1400 follya1400 wrathnessc1440 choler1530 blast1535 malice1538 excandescency1604 stomachosity1656 bad blood1664 corruption1799 needle1874 irateness1961 α. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xix. 25 God towearp þa swa mid graman þa burga. c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 120 Wel hi sind Dere gehatene forðan ðe hi sind fram graman generode. a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Þa nam he mulcene gramen and andan to ðan mannum. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2423 Þe king was radd for godds gram. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 596 Olyuere stert vp hol & sound & spekeþ til him wyþ grame. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1223 Hyt ys grete schame On a hors to wreke thy grame! ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) ii. l. 990 in Shorter Poems (1967) 66 Out on sik gram I wyll serue na repreif. 1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Psalm ii. 5 Grame, grimnesse or fierceness of countenance. β. a1225 Juliana 26 Þe reue rudnede ant o grome grede.c1300 Passion our Lord 72 in Old Eng. Misc. 39 Þe Gywes..þerof hi hedde grome.c1325 Body & Soul 70 Mid Godes grom. 2. Grief, sorrow; harm. In plural. Troubles. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] rueeOE teeneOE sorrowOE gramec1000 sytec1175 ruthc1225 dolea1240 balec1275 sighinga1300 dolour13.. ermingc1300 heartbreakc1330 discomfortc1350 griefa1375 tristourc1380 desolation1382 sichinga1387 tristesse1390 compassiona1400 rueinga1400 smarta1400 displeasure14.. gremec1400 heavity14.. dillc1420 notea1425 discomforturec1450 dolefulnessc1450 wandremec1450 regratec1485 doleance1490 trista1510 mispleasance1532 pathologiesa1586 balefulness1590 drearing1591 distressedness1592 woenessa1600 desertion1694 ruesomeness1881 schmerz1887 α. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 212 Æppla gaderian graman ge[tacnað]. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 67 Mid te bitere grame þat alle synfulle men schule þolen on domes dai. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiv. 4 Þat..he dide to his neghburgh iuel ne gram. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8405 He is wis and o redi tung, þat neuer serued grefe ne grame. c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 1030 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 259 That valyaunt knyght am I, That saued youe thre tymes fro grame. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 161 All ȝour solace sall returne in gram. ?1565 Smyth that forged New Dame sig. B.i ^v Age doth me muche grame. 1597 N. Mother's Blessing E 6 Gif thou haue an euill name It will turne the to grame. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Masque Queen Bersabe 114 By Termagaunt that maketh grame. 1872 D. G. Rossetti Staff & Scrip in Poems (ed. 6) 49 God's strength shall be my trust, Fall it to good or grame 'Tis in his name. β. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 719 Ȝe doð þan kinge muchel scome þer-fore ȝe sculen han grome [c1300 Otho grame].c1275 Sinners Beware 335 in Old Eng. Misc. 83 Þu vs hauest iwroht þes schome And alle þene eche grome.c1306 Pol. Songs (Camden) 219 Oure wajour turneth us to grome. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † grameadj. Forms: α. Old English gram, Middle English Orm. gramm, Middle English gram, Middle English– grame. β. Old English, Middle English grom. Etymology: Old English gram , grǫm = Old High German, Old Saxon gram , Old Norse gram-r , < Germanic root gram- , grem-* : see grim n. Obsolete. 1. (a) Angry; vexed; furious; (transferred of heat) fierce. (b) Grieved, sorrowful. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] irrec825 gramec893 wemodc897 wrothc950 bolghenc1000 gramelyc1000 hotOE on fireOE brathc1175 moodyc1175 to-bollenc1175 wrethfulc1175 wraw?c1225 agrameda1300 wrathfula1300 agremedc1300 hastivec1300 irousa1340 wretheda1340 aniredc1350 felonc1374 angryc1380 upreareda1382 jealous1382 crousea1400 grieveda1400 irefula1400 mada1400 teena1400 wraweda1400 wretthy14.. angryc1405 errevousa1420 wrothy1422 angereda1425 passionatec1425 fumous1430 tangylc1440 heavy1452 fire angry1490 wrothsomea1529 angerful?1533 wrothful?1534 wrath1535 provoked1538 warm1547 vibrant1575 chauffe1582 fuming1582 enfeloned1596 incensed1597 choleric1598 inflameda1600 raiseda1600 exasperate1601 angried1609 exasperated1611 dispassionate1635 bristlinga1639 peltish1648 sultry1671 on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672 nangry1681 ugly1687 sorea1694 glimflashy1699 enraged1732 spunky1809 cholerous1822 kwaai1827 wrathy1828 angersome1834 outraged1836 irate1838 vex1843 raring1845 waxy1853 stiff1856 scotty1867 bristly1872 hot under the collar1879 black angry1894 spitfire1894 passionful1901 ignorant1913 hairy1914 snaky1919 steamed1923 uptight1934 broigus1937 lemony1941 ripped1941 pissed1943 crooked1945 teed off1955 ticked off1959 ripe1966 torqued1967 bummed1970 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] sorelyc888 gramec893 sorrowfuleOE unblithec897 sorryeOE carefulOE charyOE sickOE yomerOE sorry-moodOE sweerc1000 yomerlyOE sorrilyOE woea1200 balec1220 sorry?c1225 sorec1275 sorec1275 gremefula1300 sada1300 ruthlyc1300 thoughtfulc1300 woebegonea1325 heavyc1330 grievousc1374 woefula1375 sorrowya1382 dereful?a1400 sorousa1400 sytefula1400 teenfula1400 wrotha1400 balefulc1400 tristy?c1400 tristc1420 dolefulc1430 wapped in woec1440 yhevidc1440 dolenta1450 condolentc1460 discomforted1477 tristfula1492 sorrow1496 dram?a1513 dolorous1513 earnful?1527 troublous1535 amort1546 mournfula1558 passioned1560 sadded1566 tristive1578 distressed1586 passionate1586 sorrowed1596 distressful1601 passionful1605 sighful1606 contristed1625 anguishinga1642 sadful1658 saddened1665 tristitious1694 sick as a parrot1705 pangful1727 woesome1778 grieving1807 ruesome1833 yearned1838 doleant1861 mournsome1869 thoughted1869 tragical1887 grief-stricken1905 α. OE Beowulf 777 Þær þa graman wunnon. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 10 Hwi synt ȝe grame [L. molesti] þysum wife? c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7145 Maþþew..seȝȝþ..Þatt tatt unnfæle herode king. Wass gramm. & grill. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 24774 Þe he greteþ mid his grame wordes. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2469 God was him gram. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1228 Bi ðe desert a-wei che nam, In ard weie and hete gram. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 106 Hir dede dos him fulle gram. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^* To greif thair gomys gramest that wer. 1560 Proude Wyues Pater noster 190 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 160 Forbere your husbonde whan he is grame. β. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. ii. iv. §6 He swa grom wearð on his mode.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 992 Hweþer is betere of twere twom, That mon beo bliþe oþer grom. 2. absol. as n. plural. Devils. [So Old Saxon gramon, Old Norse gramer.] ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > collectively gramec1175 potestatec1384 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 103 He..maceð of cristes leoman heoranna [read horena] leoman and of godes husa gromena wuniunge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † gramev. Forms: α. Middle English gramie(n, Middle English– grame. β. Middle English gromien. Etymology: < grame adj. Compare greme v. Obsolete. 1. impersonal as in (it) grames me: I am grieved, vexed, displeased, in distress. ΚΠ α. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 69 Þanne ne þarf us noðer gramien, ne shamien. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 25216 Fol sore ous may samie and wel sore gramie. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 691 Oþer weys þee schal grame. 14.. Pilgrim's Sea Voy. (E.E.T.S.) i. 3 Many a man hit gramys, When they begyn to sayle. β. a1225 Leg. Kath. 2075 Þe king walde weden, swa him gromede wið ham.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12584 Ful swiðe us mæi scomien and ful swiðe us mai gromien [c1300 Otho gramie]. 2. intransitive. To be vexed or displeased; to fret. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed [verb (intransitive)] gramea1225 aruea1230 irkc1330 teena1400 it irks (me)1483 heavec1540 vex1592 chagrin1728 α. 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles Prol. 41 I wolde be gladde þat his gost myȝte..grame if it greued him. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17836 Wid þair hertis gun þai grame. a1420 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems (1892) 43 Stif stande in þat & yee shuln greeue & grame. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fi ^v The crane and the curlewe thereat gan to grame. β. a1225 Juliana 66 Þe reue gromede þat he grispatede aȝein þet wod he walde iwurðen. 3. transitive. To anger, grieve, vex. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry wrethec900 abelgheeOE abaeileOE teenOE i-wrathec1075 wratha1200 awratha1250 gramec1275 forthcalla1300 excitea1340 grieve1362 movea1382 achafea1400 craba1400 angerc1400 mada1425 provokec1425 forwrecchec1450 wrothc1450 arage1470 incensea1513 puff1526 angry1530 despite1530 exasperate1534 exasper1545 stunt1583 pepper1599 enfever1647 nanger1675 to put or set up the back1728 roil1742 outrage1818 to put a person's monkey up1833 to get one's back up1840 to bring one's nap up1843 rouse1843 to get a person's shirt out1844 heat1855 to steam up1860 to get one's rag out1862 steam1922 to burn up1923 to flip out1964 c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1603 Ah þu me hauest sore igramed [a1300 Jesus Oxf. igremed] Þat min heorte is wel neh alamed. c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 548 And for a lytyl wurde þou wylt men grame. c1350 Barlam & Jos. (Bodl.) 908 Þæt þu me hast gramyd þin hert auȝt be sor. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 27 Gret schame it is us nakyd to se, Our lord God thus to grame. c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 348 Þan may þe sewere his lord serue & neythur of yow be gramed. Derivatives † ˈgraming n. and adj. Obsolete ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 A þer [in helle] is waning and graming and toþen grisbating. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3054 Þa seide Gudlakes sune. mid gromiende [c1300 Otho gram] speche. Ȝif [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1000adj.c893v.c1175
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