grassmann.

Brit.

/ˈɡrɑːsmən/,

/ˈɡrasmən/, U.S.

/ˈɡræsmən/, Scottish English

/ˈɡrasmən/

Inflections: Plural grassmen.

Forms: see grass n.¹ and man n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: grass n.¹, man n.¹

Etymology: < grass n.¹ + man n.¹ With sense 1 compare Old Swedish grässäte.Earlier currency of sense 1 is implied by post-classical Latin grasmannus, gresmannus, gressemannus (from 12th cent. in British sources; < English); e.g.:c1150 in A. C. Lawrie Early Sc. Charters (1905) 146 De hurdmannis et bondis et gresmannis.1304–6 in N. Neilson Customary Rents (1910) 174 (note) De operibus bondorum, gressemen' et cotariorum.

Now historical.

1. A feudal tenant who occupies a cottage in return for providing labour; a cottier, cottager; esp. one who occupies a cottage with no land attached to it but has grazing rights (cf. cottar n. 1). In later use chiefly Scottish. J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (Suppl. 1825) (at cited word) states: ‘This word has now fallen into disuse, but is still perfectly intelligible to elderly people, Aberd., who recollect the time when Girseman and Cottar were used as quite synon[ymous].’

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar

cotsetlac1000

grassman1282

carla1300

villeina1325

tike1377

villeiness1611

serf1761

cotset1809

cottar1809

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > villein

laeta1000

cotsetlac1000

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

grassman1282

husbanda1300

youngerman?c1300

boundec1320

villeina1325

tike1377

carla1400

cotset1809

cottar1809

1282 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 133/31/3) m. 1 Item sunt in foresta quidam qui vocantur Gresmen [qui] dant de suo pro herbagio.

1391 in F. Collins Reg. Freemen York (1897) I. 90 (MED) Joh. de Hemleswell, gresman.

1461 Will in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 100 Item lego cuilibet husbandman de Nid, xijd. Item cuilibet gresman de eadem, vjd.

1521 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 134 Item I will that every house of gresse men w^tin the towne of Besynby have ijd. a pece.

1607 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 94 Rich. Taylor, grasseman presented for using the trade of a badger.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 359 Thair wes not ane lok, key, band, dur nor wyndo left onbrokin doun daylie to the poor tennentis, cotteris, and girssmen.

1735 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 32 The said James Moore obliges himself & forsaids, not to allow or have any grassmen or crofters, nor any other families besides his own upon the said possession except one family if he thinks proper.

1892 D. G. Barron Court Bk. of Barony of Urie p. xlii It was the duty of the cottars and grassmen to watch the common-fold or cattle-pen from Rood Day till Michaelmas.

1977 Hist. Workshop Spring 186 Below the tenants was a class of sub-tenants and lower in the scale were the grassmen who had some pasturage and share of the corn in return for work in the common field and the peat moss.

2006 Jrnl. Soc. Hist. 40 464 The collection reached deep down into society to encompass humble sub-tenants (cottars and grassmen), assessed at only a half-penny.

2. (The title of) an elected or appointed officer in charge of the common land in a parish, district, etc., and responsible for its condition. Now rare (in later use chiefly English regional (northern)).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > official in charge of common lands

grassman1579

1579 in J. Barmby Memorials St. Giles's, Durham (1896) 9 Expenses for this present yere 1579 beeing gyrsmen John taylor & Robert Hudspethe.

1646 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 192–3 Itt is ordered by the 24^tie thatt the Grasemen for the yeares 1644 and 1645 shall make accompt of all receipts and disbursements to the new elected Grasemen.

1676 W. Penn Continued Cry of Oppressed for Justice 77 Samuel Wright of Nedlington Gras-man in the parish of Holden, sued in the Bishop of Chester's Court by Lanc. Clark and John Hewson parish Clarks of Holden, for their Sallery.

1727 in J. Barmby Memorials St. Giles's, Durham (1896) 111 The Acc^t Continued by James Fynney Esq^re and James Celsey Grassmen for the year 1727.

1846 W. E. Brockett J. T. Brockett's Gloss. North Country Words (ed. 3) Grassmen, officers of great antiquity in the borough of Gateshead, whose duty was to look after the herbage or grass.

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Grassmen.

1953 Agric. Hist. Rev. 1 23 So great was the feeding capacity of Crowle commons that the village regularly took in stock in summer from other places. Four grassmen, appointed by the townsfolk, supervised the arrangements.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grassman
释义	grassmann. Brit. /ˈɡrɑːsmən/, /ˈɡrasmən/, U.S. /ˈɡræsmən/, Scottish English /ˈɡrasmən/ Inflections: Plural grassmen. Forms: see grass n.¹ and man n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: grass n.¹, man n.¹ Etymology: < grass n.¹ + man n.¹ With sense 1 compare Old Swedish grässäte.Earlier currency of sense 1 is implied by post-classical Latin grasmannus, gresmannus, gressemannus (from 12th cent. in British sources; < English); e.g.:c1150 in A. C. Lawrie Early Sc. Charters (1905) 146 De hurdmannis et bondis et gresmannis.1304–6 in N. Neilson Customary Rents (1910) 174 (note) De operibus bondorum, gressemen' et cotariorum. Now historical. 1. A feudal tenant who occupies a cottage in return for providing labour; a cottier, cottager; esp. one who occupies a cottage with no land attached to it but has grazing rights (cf. cottar n. 1). In later use chiefly Scottish. J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (Suppl. 1825) (at cited word) states: ‘This word has now fallen into disuse, but is still perfectly intelligible to elderly people, Aberd., who recollect the time when Girseman and Cottar were used as quite synon[ymous].’ ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar cotsetlac1000 grassman1282 carla1300 villeina1325 tike1377 villeiness1611 serf1761 cotset1809 cottar1809 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > villein laeta1000 cotsetlac1000 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 grassman1282 husbanda1300 youngerman?c1300 boundec1320 villeina1325 tike1377 carla1400 cotset1809 cottar1809 1282 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 133/31/3) m. 1 Item sunt in foresta quidam qui vocantur Gresmen [qui] dant de suo pro herbagio. 1391 in F. Collins Reg. Freemen York (1897) I. 90 (MED) Joh. de Hemleswell, gresman. 1461 Will in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 100 Item lego cuilibet husbandman de Nid, xijd. Item cuilibet gresman de eadem, vjd. 1521 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 134 Item I will that every house of gresse men w^tin the towne of Besynby have ijd. a pece. 1607 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 94 Rich. Taylor, grasseman presented for using the trade of a badger. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 359 Thair wes not ane lok, key, band, dur nor wyndo left onbrokin doun daylie to the poor tennentis, cotteris, and girssmen. 1735 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 32 The said James Moore obliges himself & forsaids, not to allow or have any grassmen or crofters, nor any other families besides his own upon the said possession except one family if he thinks proper. 1892 D. G. Barron Court Bk. of Barony of Urie p. xlii It was the duty of the cottars and grassmen to watch the common-fold or cattle-pen from Rood Day till Michaelmas. 1977 Hist. Workshop Spring 186 Below the tenants was a class of sub-tenants and lower in the scale were the grassmen who had some pasturage and share of the corn in return for work in the common field and the peat moss. 2006 Jrnl. Soc. Hist. 40 464 The collection reached deep down into society to encompass humble sub-tenants (cottars and grassmen), assessed at only a half-penny. 2. (The title of) an elected or appointed officer in charge of the common land in a parish, district, etc., and responsible for its condition. Now rare (in later use chiefly English regional (northern)). ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > official in charge of common lands grassman1579 1579 in J. Barmby Memorials St. Giles's, Durham (1896) 9 Expenses for this present yere 1579 beeing gyrsmen John taylor & Robert Hudspethe. 1646 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 192–3 Itt is ordered by the 24^tie thatt the Grasemen for the yeares 1644 and 1645 shall make accompt of all receipts and disbursements to the new elected Grasemen. 1676 W. Penn Continued Cry of Oppressed for Justice 77 Samuel Wright of Nedlington Gras-man in the parish of Holden, sued in the Bishop of Chester's Court by Lanc. Clark and John Hewson parish Clarks of Holden, for their Sallery. 1727 in J. Barmby Memorials St. Giles's, Durham (1896) 111 The Acc^t Continued by James Fynney Esq^re and James Celsey Grassmen for the year 1727. 1846 W. E. Brockett J. T. Brockett's Gloss. North Country Words (ed. 3) Grassmen, officers of great antiquity in the borough of Gateshead, whose duty was to look after the herbage or grass. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Grassmen. 1953 Agric. Hist. Rev. 1 23 So great was the feeding capacity of Crowle commons that the village regularly took in stock in summer from other places. Four grassmen, appointed by the townsfolk, supervised the arrangements. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1282
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