goldfinchn.

Brit.

/ˈɡəʊl(d)fɪn(t)ʃ/, U.S.

/ˈɡoʊl(d)ˌfɪn(t)ʃ/

Forms: see gold n.¹ and adj. and finch n.; also English regional 1800s goolfrench (south-western), 1800s–1900s goldflinch (northern); Scottish 1800s goldflinch (south-western).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: gold n.¹, finch n.

Etymology: < gold n.¹ + finch n.Compare post-classical Latin auricinctus (10th and 11th centuries in British glossarial sources; compare quot. eOE at sense 1a), probably in sense ‘goldfinch’ ( < classical Latin aurum gold (see aurum n.) + cinctus , past participle of cingere to encircle: see cinct adj.). Compare yellow finch at yellow adj. and n. Compounds 2b(a). In quot. OE at sense 1a translating post-classical Latin florentius goldfinch (first half of the 10th cent. in British glossarial sources; also florulus ; compare florula in continental sources in senses ‘greenfinch, warbler’ (11th and 12th centuries)). Specific forms. The regional forms goolfrench, goldflinch show development of an epenthetic consonant.

a. A small Eurasian finch, Carduelis carduelis, which has a red face, black and white head, and a yellow bar on the black wings, formerly popular as a cage bird.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis carduelis (goldfinch)

goldfincheOE

goldspinka1522

carduel?1530

thistle-finch1589

thistlewarp1598

fool's coata1682

grey pate1728

tailor-warbler1783

redcap1785

sheriff's man1796

goldie?1800

King Harry1824

sweet-william1848

tailor1848

thistle-bird1872

thistle-feeder1904

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 72 Auricinctus, goldfinc.

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 72 Florentius, goldfinc.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1130 Pinnuc goldfinc rok ne crowe Ne dar þar neuer cumen ihende.

c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 24* Roke Rauen and goldefynch.

c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 84 (MED) On grapes þe goldfinch [?c1450 Pierpont Morgan goldefynches] þei gladen and glees.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Cook's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 3 Gaillard he was as goldfynch in the shawe.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi A Cherme of Goldefynches.

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.ii^v Euery byrde in his laye The goldfynche, the wagtayle [etc.].

1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. Pref., in 2nd Pt. Herball Flockinge byrdes..linnettes, goldfinches, sparrowes and twyes.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 308 The Gold-finch liueth among bushes and thorns.

1675 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 2) x. §4. 214 [margin] Gold-finches. These Birds are also very injurious to the Goosberry-buds..cleansing a whole Garden of them immediately.

1750 R. Heath Nat. & Hist. Acct. Scilly 299 They have Linnets, Gold finches, Ruddocks,..and many other common Birds.

1767 G. White Let. 4 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 35 Might not Canary birds be naturalized..provided their eggs were put..into the nests of some of their congeners, as goldfinches, greenfinches, &c.?

1795 W. Cowper Faithful Friend in Poems (ed. 6) II. 359 Two goldfinches, whose sprightly song Had been their mutual solace long.

1824 Eclectic Rev. Jan. 91 Philip for a sparrow, Jacob for a starling, and King Harry, alias Jack Nicker, for a gold-finch.

1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist xiii. 270 The goldfinch is also a good singing bird.

1934 D. Thomas Let. 2 May (1987) 127 Short stories of the sort I write hardly make anything... And poetry wouldn't keep a goldfinch alive.

1974 E. Pollard et al. Hedges (1977) x. 119 Hedges provide..hawthorn berries for fieldfares, thistles for goldfinches, ash keys for bullfinches.

2013 Leics. & Rutland Life Jan. 59/3 Nyjer seeds are nirvana for goldfinches and siskins.

b. Chiefly North American. Any of three small migratory North American finches of the genus Spinus, with more or less yellow plumage; esp. (more fully American goldfinch) S. tristis, the male of which is predominantly bright yellow in the breeding season.

ΚΠ

1670 J. Ogilby America ii. ii. 175 There are abundance of Storks, Ravens, Crows, Owls, Swallows, Gold-finches, Ice birds, Kites, Quails, Pheasants, and Winter Kings.

1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. 43 The American Goldfinch..agrees, in size and Shape, with our Gold-finch.

1831 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. I. 172 The American Goldfinch..passes over the State of Louisiana in the beginning of January.

1858 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 22 Dec. in Writings (1906) XI. vi. 374 There may be thirty goldfinches, very brisk and pretty tame.

1913 W. T. Hornaday Our Vanishing Wild Life ii. xxiii. 223 The American Goldfinch as a weed destroyer has few equals.

1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 12 Jan. 36/4 The diminutive finches of winter (goldfinches, redpolls and siskins) can extract the very small seeds of thistles.

2007 T. Floyd Atlas Breeding Birds Nevada 526/1 The tiny Lesser Goldfinch has become one of the most visible inhabitants of the residential neighborhoods.

c. English regional and Irish English (northern). The yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words Gold-finch, Yellow-hammer.

1865 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip Feb. 36/1 The yellow-hammer..in Cheshire..is generally known as a ‘goldfinch’, a name which it..merits more than the real goldfinch.

1908 Nature Notes May 91 The only bird known to us as the Goldfinch, or ‘Goolie’, as we used to generally call it [in Lincolnshire], was the Yellowhammer.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 150/1 Goldfinch, a bird: the yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella.

†2. figurative and in figurative contexts (colloquial).

a. A gold coin; a guinea; a sovereign. Cf. canary n.⁵ 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings

goldfinch1602

Harry sovereign1615

piece1631

jingle-boya1640

yellow boy1654

quid1661

marigold1663

broad-piece1678

pound piecea1715

gold penny1736

sovereign1817

dragon1827

sov1829

chip?1836

couter1846

thick 'un1848

monarch1851

James1858

skiv1858

Victoria1870

goblin1887

red one1890

Jimmy1899

quidlet1902

Jimmy O'Goblin1931

pound coin1931

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings

goldfinch1602

piece1631

yellow boy1654

Guinea1666

broad gold1688

meg1688

broad1710

George's guinea1721

yellow1722

canary bird1785

stranger1785

yellow George1785

Geordie1786

spade-guinea1853

George guinea1880

1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. F2 If this Gold-finch, that with sweet notes flyes, And wakes the dull eye euen of a puritaine; Can worke.

1655 J. Shirley Gentleman of Venice iii. 27 Marcello, whom I employ'd..To my most Costive Uncle for some goldfinches.

1780 G. Steevens Note on Sir John Oldcastle Pt I in E. Malone Suppl. Shakspeare's Plays II. 279 The vulgar still call our gold coins, gold-finches.

1828 Sporting Mag. Mar. 367/2 He was backed by a number of individuals not overburthened with goldfinches.

1842 Punch 2 168 Two Canaries = one Goldfinch.

1896 Pall Mall Mag. May 10 You've not a crown in your pocket, and ours a-bulging out with goldfinches.

b. A person who has plenty of gold. In later use: such a person as a target for thieves. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person

rich manOE

richOE

Divesc1386

richlingc1445

stuffed manc1460

cob1548

wealthling1581

tercel-gentle1597

good liver1602

goldfinch1603

fill-sack1641

dorado1643

wealth-monger1654

a man, etc. of fortune1732

nabob1760

nawab1826

rico1844

abounder1876

high roller1876

fat cat1928

richie1954

wealth-holder1957

jet-setter1959

1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D2 Mary no Diues was within to send him [sc. Lazarus] a crum, (for all your Gold-finches were fled to the woods).

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Gold-finch, he that has alwaies a Purse or Cod of Gold in his Fob.

1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain I. xiv. 93 There are a set of men and women, in Paris and Lyons, who live elegantly by lying in wait and catching every bird of passage?—but particularly the English gold-finch.

1848 ‘N. Buntline’ Mysteries & Miseries N.Y. i. iv. 37 Was the swell a gold-finch?

3. Angling. A kind of artificial fly used in salmon fishing which is predominantly bright yellow in colour, having a wing made of crest-feathers from a male golden pheasant. Cf. canary n.⁵ 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > salmon flies

salmon fly1704

kingfisher?1758

tartan1837

goldfinch1845

parr-tail1847

baker1848

butcher1860

Jock Scott1866

claret1867

colonel1867

king1867

major1867

Shannon fly1867

wasp1867

chimney-sweep1872

Jack Scott1874

hornet1876

winesop black1876

mystery1880

1845 O'gorman Pract. Angling Ireland II. l. 222 In the Shannon, the most esteemed [flies] are the following:..goldfinch entire yellow body, yellow heckle.

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling x. 309 The Goldfinch... The handsomest..specimen of a showy salmon fly.

1907 Baily's Mag. Sports & Pastimes Nov. 396/2 I have chosen the simplest flies... The orange goshawk is the first example. In Galway it is called the goldfinch.

2012 M. Radencich Classic Salmon Fly Patterns 92/2 (caption) Goldfinch dressed by Damian Lee Welsh.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	goldfinch
释义	goldfinchn. Brit. /ˈɡəʊl(d)fɪn(t)ʃ/, U.S. /ˈɡoʊl(d)ˌfɪn(t)ʃ/ Forms: see gold n.¹ and adj. and finch n.; also English regional 1800s goolfrench (south-western), 1800s–1900s goldflinch (northern); Scottish 1800s goldflinch (south-western). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: gold n.¹, finch n. Etymology: < gold n.¹ + finch n.Compare post-classical Latin auricinctus (10th and 11th centuries in British glossarial sources; compare quot. eOE at sense 1a), probably in sense ‘goldfinch’ ( < classical Latin aurum gold (see aurum n.) + cinctus , past participle of cingere to encircle: see cinct adj.). Compare yellow finch at yellow adj. and n. Compounds 2b(a). In quot. OE at sense 1a translating post-classical Latin florentius goldfinch (first half of the 10th cent. in British glossarial sources; also florulus ; compare florula in continental sources in senses ‘greenfinch, warbler’ (11th and 12th centuries)). Specific forms. The regional forms goolfrench, goldflinch show development of an epenthetic consonant. 1. a. A small Eurasian finch, Carduelis carduelis, which has a red face, black and white head, and a yellow bar on the black wings, formerly popular as a cage bird. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis carduelis (goldfinch) goldfincheOE goldspinka1522 carduel?1530 thistle-finch1589 thistlewarp1598 fool's coata1682 grey pate1728 tailor-warbler1783 redcap1785 sheriff's man1796 goldie?1800 King Harry1824 sweet-william1848 tailor1848 thistle-bird1872 thistle-feeder1904 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 72 Auricinctus, goldfinc. OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 72 Florentius, goldfinc. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1130 Pinnuc goldfinc rok ne crowe Ne dar þar neuer cumen ihende. c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 24* Roke Rauen and goldefynch. c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 84 (MED) On grapes þe goldfinch [?c1450 Pierpont Morgan goldefynches] þei gladen and glees. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Cook's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 3 Gaillard he was as goldfynch in the shawe. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi A Cherme of Goldefynches. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.ii^v Euery byrde in his laye The goldfynche, the wagtayle [etc.]. 1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. Pref., in 2nd Pt. Herball Flockinge byrdes..linnettes, goldfinches, sparrowes and twyes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 308 The Gold-finch liueth among bushes and thorns. 1675 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 2) x. §4. 214 [margin] Gold-finches. These Birds are also very injurious to the Goosberry-buds..cleansing a whole Garden of them immediately. 1750 R. Heath Nat. & Hist. Acct. Scilly 299 They have Linnets, Gold finches, Ruddocks,..and many other common Birds. 1767 G. White Let. 4 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 35 Might not Canary birds be naturalized..provided their eggs were put..into the nests of some of their congeners, as goldfinches, greenfinches, &c.? 1795 W. Cowper Faithful Friend in Poems (ed. 6) II. 359 Two goldfinches, whose sprightly song Had been their mutual solace long. 1824 Eclectic Rev. Jan. 91 Philip for a sparrow, Jacob for a starling, and King Harry, alias Jack Nicker, for a gold-finch. 1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist xiii. 270 The goldfinch is also a good singing bird. 1934 D. Thomas Let. 2 May (1987) 127 Short stories of the sort I write hardly make anything... And poetry wouldn't keep a goldfinch alive. 1974 E. Pollard et al. Hedges (1977) x. 119 Hedges provide..hawthorn berries for fieldfares, thistles for goldfinches, ash keys for bullfinches. 2013 Leics. & Rutland Life Jan. 59/3 Nyjer seeds are nirvana for goldfinches and siskins. b. Chiefly North American. Any of three small migratory North American finches of the genus Spinus, with more or less yellow plumage; esp. (more fully American goldfinch) S. tristis, the male of which is predominantly bright yellow in the breeding season. ΚΠ 1670 J. Ogilby America ii. ii. 175 There are abundance of Storks, Ravens, Crows, Owls, Swallows, Gold-finches, Ice birds, Kites, Quails, Pheasants, and Winter Kings. 1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. 43 The American Goldfinch..agrees, in size and Shape, with our Gold-finch. 1831 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. I. 172 The American Goldfinch..passes over the State of Louisiana in the beginning of January. 1858 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 22 Dec. in Writings (1906) XI. vi. 374 There may be thirty goldfinches, very brisk and pretty tame. 1913 W. T. Hornaday Our Vanishing Wild Life ii. xxiii. 223 The American Goldfinch as a weed destroyer has few equals. 1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 12 Jan. 36/4 The diminutive finches of winter (goldfinches, redpolls and siskins) can extract the very small seeds of thistles. 2007 T. Floyd Atlas Breeding Birds Nevada 526/1 The tiny Lesser Goldfinch has become one of the most visible inhabitants of the residential neighborhoods. c. English regional and Irish English (northern). The yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella. Now rare. ΚΠ 1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words Gold-finch, Yellow-hammer. 1865 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip Feb. 36/1 The yellow-hammer..in Cheshire..is generally known as a ‘goldfinch’, a name which it..merits more than the real goldfinch. 1908 Nature Notes May 91 The only bird known to us as the Goldfinch, or ‘Goolie’, as we used to generally call it [in Lincolnshire], was the Yellowhammer. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 150/1 Goldfinch, a bird: the yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella. †2. figurative and in figurative contexts (colloquial). a. A gold coin; a guinea; a sovereign. Cf. canary n.⁵ 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings goldfinch1602 Harry sovereign1615 piece1631 jingle-boya1640 yellow boy1654 quid1661 marigold1663 broad-piece1678 pound piecea1715 gold penny1736 sovereign1817 dragon1827 sov1829 chip?1836 couter1846 thick 'un1848 monarch1851 James1858 skiv1858 Victoria1870 goblin1887 red one1890 Jimmy1899 quidlet1902 Jimmy O'Goblin1931 pound coin1931 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings goldfinch1602 piece1631 yellow boy1654 Guinea1666 broad gold1688 meg1688 broad1710 George's guinea1721 yellow1722 canary bird1785 stranger1785 yellow George1785 Geordie1786 spade-guinea1853 George guinea1880 1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. F2 If this Gold-finch, that with sweet notes flyes, And wakes the dull eye euen of a puritaine; Can worke. 1655 J. Shirley Gentleman of Venice iii. 27 Marcello, whom I employ'd..To my most Costive Uncle for some goldfinches. 1780 G. Steevens Note on Sir John Oldcastle Pt I in E. Malone Suppl. Shakspeare's Plays II. 279 The vulgar still call our gold coins, gold-finches. 1828 Sporting Mag. Mar. 367/2 He was backed by a number of individuals not overburthened with goldfinches. 1842 Punch 2 168 Two Canaries = one Goldfinch. 1896 Pall Mall Mag. May 10 You've not a crown in your pocket, and ours a-bulging out with goldfinches. b. A person who has plenty of gold. In later use: such a person as a target for thieves. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person rich manOE richOE Divesc1386 richlingc1445 stuffed manc1460 cob1548 wealthling1581 tercel-gentle1597 good liver1602 goldfinch1603 fill-sack1641 dorado1643 wealth-monger1654 a man, etc. of fortune1732 nabob1760 nawab1826 rico1844 abounder1876 high roller1876 fat cat1928 richie1954 wealth-holder1957 jet-setter1959 1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D2 Mary no Diues was within to send him [sc. Lazarus] a crum, (for all your Gold-finches were fled to the woods). 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Gold-finch, he that has alwaies a Purse or Cod of Gold in his Fob. 1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain I. xiv. 93 There are a set of men and women, in Paris and Lyons, who live elegantly by lying in wait and catching every bird of passage?—but particularly the English gold-finch. 1848 ‘N. Buntline’ Mysteries & Miseries N.Y. i. iv. 37 Was the swell a gold-finch? 3. Angling. A kind of artificial fly used in salmon fishing which is predominantly bright yellow in colour, having a wing made of crest-feathers from a male golden pheasant. Cf. canary n.⁵ 5. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > salmon flies salmon fly1704 kingfisher?1758 tartan1837 goldfinch1845 parr-tail1847 baker1848 butcher1860 Jock Scott1866 claret1867 colonel1867 king1867 major1867 Shannon fly1867 wasp1867 chimney-sweep1872 Jack Scott1874 hornet1876 winesop black1876 mystery1880 1845 O'gorman Pract. Angling Ireland II. l. 222 In the Shannon, the most esteemed [flies] are the following:..goldfinch entire yellow body, yellow heckle. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling x. 309 The Goldfinch... The handsomest..specimen of a showy salmon fly. 1907 Baily's Mag. Sports & Pastimes Nov. 396/2 I have chosen the simplest flies... The orange goshawk is the first example. In Galway it is called the goldfinch. 2012 M. Radencich Classic Salmon Fly Patterns 92/2 (caption) Goldfinch dressed by Damian Lee Welsh. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
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