glacialadj.

/ˈɡleɪsɪəl/

/ˈɡleɪʃəl/

Forms: Also 1600s glaciale.

Etymology: < French glacial, < Latin glaciālis icy, < glaciēs ice.

a. Full of, or having the nature of, ice; cold, icy, freezing. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > [adjective]

glary1569

glacial1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Glacial, where ice is, freezing, cold.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra iv. v. §38 Snowy, or whatever else he [sc. Spinoza] means by Glacial Air, or Clouds, may serve to darken the Day, but not at all to prolong it.

1890 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 61 Unintermittent glacial rain set in.

figurative.1852 H. W. Longfellow in S. Longfellow Life H. W. Longfellow (1891) II. 229 No wonder that their stricken faculties uttered themselves in such broken accents, such glacial metres!1860 J. L. Motley Hist. United Netherlands II. xvii. 303 His frame was slight..his manner more glacial and sepulchral than ever.

b. Consisting of ice.

ΚΠ

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 409 The enormous glacial masses of the poles.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 57 The gelid flow of these glacial rivers.

a. Of chemical substances: Glass-like; crystallized. (Obsolete except as in 2b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [adjective] > relating to acids general > other acid properties

glacial1682

fuming1791

superacidified1796

binacid1808

1682 R. Boyle New Exper. Icy Noctiluca 18 I thought it not amiss to call our consistent Self-shining Substance, the Icy or Glacial Noctiluca (and for variety—Phosphorus).

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 450/2 From lb. iij. of the first matter you will have, says Rolfincius, a glaciale Butter.

1771 Watson Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 217 White vitriol, a few glacial spicula.

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 104 Phosphoric acid in a Glacial state.

b. glacial acetic acid, pure acetic acid in crystals; glacial phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid (HPO₃); glacial sulphuric acid, †glacial oil of vitriol, pure sulphuric acid in crystals.

ΚΠ

1786 H. Cavendish in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 268 The oil of vitriol prepared from green vitriol, has sometimes been obtained in such a state as to remain constantly congealed..whence it acquired its name of glacial.

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 42 Glacial sulphuric acid.

1821 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 2) I. iv. 406 When dried and fused in a crucible, a transparent glass is obtained, commonly called glacial phosphoric acid.

1843 J. Pereira Treat. Food & Diet 149 Glacial or Crystallisable Acetic Acid, the strongest procurable, contains one equivalent of water.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 357/2 The acetic acid..usually employed in photography is what is termed glacial, and should become solid at about 40°.

a. Geology. Characterized by the presence of ice. glacial epoch, glacial era, glacial period, a geological period during which it is supposed that the northern hemisphere was in great part covered by an ice-sheet. glacial sea: the sea of the glacial epoch.In America this period is also known as the drift epoch (see drift n. 10), ice-age, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [noun] > ice-age or glaciation

ice time1841

boulder-period1845

glacial epoch1846

ice age1855

stage1895

little ice age1939

1846 E. Forbes in Mem. Geol. Surv. I. 363 The remarkable strata known under the names of ‘Boulder clay’, ‘Arctic or northern drift’..including (in part) the ‘Till’ deposits, which for convenience I shall henceforth mention as glacial, or as beds of the glacial epoch.

1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) viii. 211 The rhinoceros and elephant, which lived under the latitude of the glacial sea.

1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. iv. 124 For all Holderness was a sea-bed in the ‘glacial’ period.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 541 The Drift epoch is usually called the Glacial epoch, under the idea that ice either in the form of icebergs or glaciers, was concerned in the transportation of the boulders, pebbles, and earth.

1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man xii. 283 The earlier Post~pliocene period of geology may be called the Glacial era.

b. Produced by the presence of ice in the form of glaciers, etc. or by its action upon the surface of the earth; pertaining to glaciers or ice-sheets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [adjective]

glacial1858

1858 A. Geikie Story of Boulder ii. 17 They corroborate our conclusions as to the glacial origin of the boulder-clay.

1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 120 Curious mounds of gravel, which look very like glacial moraines.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man i. 2 I shall give a description of the glacial formations of Europe and North America.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 18 The glacial mud of the Polar regions.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 164 Evidence of glacial denudation in countries which are now free from anything like glaciers or icebergs.

Derivatives

ˌglaciaˈlation n. the condition of being covered with ice or glaciers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > state of being covered with

glaciation1863

glacialation1889

1889 Standard 25 June 5/2 The plucky trip of Dr. Nansen has now rendered the entire glacialation of inner Greenland no longer a theory.

ˈglacialism n. the theory of the action of ice upon the earth's surface.

ΚΠ

1881 W. B. Dawkins in Nature 3 Feb. 309/1 Dr. James Geikie..pushes glacialism and interglacialism to an extreme.

ˈglacialized adj. acted upon by ice.

ΚΠ

1864 Reader 2 Apr. 432/2 They present characters in common with lake-basins occurring in regions which were intensely glacialized.

Draft additions 1993

4. figurative. Of the pace of any process: extremely slow. Of a process: taking place very gradually.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective]

unwinged1613

tortoise-like1645

testudineousa1652

pottering1821

soodly1821

snailish1889

glacial1922

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 660 A dwarf tree of glacial arborescence.

1954 A. Stevenson Call to Greatness 70 I strongly suspect that we in America are destined to endure in prolonged and irritable impatience the glacial pace of European integration.

1969 D. Acheson Present at Creation vii. 58 Negotiations with the Swiss moved at their glacial rate.

1977 Time 8 Aug. 40/1 I see a steady, glacial shift out of equities and into bonds.

1991 New Scientist 23 Feb. 16/3 The US was mainly to blame for the ‘glacial pace’ of the negotiations, according to the Climate Action Network for the US.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	glacial
释义	glacialn. /ˈɡleɪʃɪal//ˈɡleɪʃəl/ Etymology: < glacial adj. A glacial epoch or period. ΚΠ 1935 Discovery Nov. 317/2 Hardly one of the species present in England today could possibly have persisted here from the Tertiary Period through the glacials. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 49 High lake levels in equatorial Africa represent pluvial periods corresponding to the glacials. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2019). glacialadj. /ˈɡleɪsɪəl//ˈɡleɪʃəl/ Forms: Also 1600s glaciale. Etymology: < French glacial, < Latin glaciālis icy, < glaciēs ice. 1. a. Full of, or having the nature of, ice; cold, icy, freezing. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > [adjective] glary1569 glacial1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Glacial, where ice is, freezing, cold. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra iv. v. §38 Snowy, or whatever else he [sc. Spinoza] means by Glacial Air, or Clouds, may serve to darken the Day, but not at all to prolong it. 1890 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 61 Unintermittent glacial rain set in. figurative.1852 H. W. Longfellow in S. Longfellow Life H. W. Longfellow (1891) II. 229 No wonder that their stricken faculties uttered themselves in such broken accents, such glacial metres!1860 J. L. Motley Hist. United Netherlands II. xvii. 303 His frame was slight..his manner more glacial and sepulchral than ever. b. Consisting of ice. ΚΠ 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 409 The enormous glacial masses of the poles. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 57 The gelid flow of these glacial rivers. 2. a. Of chemical substances: Glass-like; crystallized. (Obsolete except as in 2b.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [adjective] > relating to acids general > other acid properties glacial1682 fuming1791 superacidified1796 binacid1808 1682 R. Boyle New Exper. Icy Noctiluca 18 I thought it not amiss to call our consistent Self-shining Substance, the Icy or Glacial Noctiluca (and for variety—Phosphorus). 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ix. 450/2 From lb. iij. of the first matter you will have, says Rolfincius, a glaciale Butter. 1771 Watson Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 217 White vitriol, a few glacial spicula. 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 104 Phosphoric acid in a Glacial state. b. glacial acetic acid, pure acetic acid in crystals; glacial phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid (HPO₃); glacial sulphuric acid, †glacial oil of vitriol, pure sulphuric acid in crystals. ΚΠ 1786 H. Cavendish in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 268 The oil of vitriol prepared from green vitriol, has sometimes been obtained in such a state as to remain constantly congealed..whence it acquired its name of glacial. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 42 Glacial sulphuric acid. 1821 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 2) I. iv. 406 When dried and fused in a crucible, a transparent glass is obtained, commonly called glacial phosphoric acid. 1843 J. Pereira Treat. Food & Diet 149 Glacial or Crystallisable Acetic Acid, the strongest procurable, contains one equivalent of water. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 357/2 The acetic acid..usually employed in photography is what is termed glacial, and should become solid at about 40°. 3. a. Geology. Characterized by the presence of ice. glacial epoch, glacial era, glacial period, a geological period during which it is supposed that the northern hemisphere was in great part covered by an ice-sheet. glacial sea: the sea of the glacial epoch.In America this period is also known as the drift epoch (see drift n. 10), ice-age, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [noun] > ice-age or glaciation ice time1841 boulder-period1845 glacial epoch1846 ice age1855 stage1895 little ice age1939 1846 E. Forbes in Mem. Geol. Surv. I. 363 The remarkable strata known under the names of ‘Boulder clay’, ‘Arctic or northern drift’..including (in part) the ‘Till’ deposits, which for convenience I shall henceforth mention as glacial, or as beds of the glacial epoch. 1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) viii. 211 The rhinoceros and elephant, which lived under the latitude of the glacial sea. 1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. iv. 124 For all Holderness was a sea-bed in the ‘glacial’ period. 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. 541 The Drift epoch is usually called the Glacial epoch, under the idea that ice either in the form of icebergs or glaciers, was concerned in the transportation of the boulders, pebbles, and earth. 1873 J. W. Dawson Story Earth & Man xii. 283 The earlier Post~pliocene period of geology may be called the Glacial era. b. Produced by the presence of ice in the form of glaciers, etc. or by its action upon the surface of the earth; pertaining to glaciers or ice-sheets. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [adjective] glacial1858 1858 A. Geikie Story of Boulder ii. 17 They corroborate our conclusions as to the glacial origin of the boulder-clay. 1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 120 Curious mounds of gravel, which look very like glacial moraines. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man i. 2 I shall give a description of the glacial formations of Europe and North America. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 18 The glacial mud of the Polar regions. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 164 Evidence of glacial denudation in countries which are now free from anything like glaciers or icebergs. Derivatives ˌglaciaˈlation n. the condition of being covered with ice or glaciers. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > state of being covered with glaciation1863 glacialation1889 1889 Standard 25 June 5/2 The plucky trip of Dr. Nansen has now rendered the entire glacialation of inner Greenland no longer a theory. ˈglacialism n. the theory of the action of ice upon the earth's surface. ΚΠ 1881 W. B. Dawkins in Nature 3 Feb. 309/1 Dr. James Geikie..pushes glacialism and interglacialism to an extreme. ˈglacialized adj. acted upon by ice. ΚΠ 1864 Reader 2 Apr. 432/2 They present characters in common with lake-basins occurring in regions which were intensely glacialized. Draft additions 1993 4. figurative. Of the pace of any process: extremely slow. Of a process: taking place very gradually. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] unwinged1613 tortoise-like1645 testudineousa1652 pottering1821 soodly1821 snailish1889 glacial1922 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 660 A dwarf tree of glacial arborescence. 1954 A. Stevenson Call to Greatness 70 I strongly suspect that we in America are destined to endure in prolonged and irritable impatience the glacial pace of European integration. 1969 D. Acheson Present at Creation vii. 58 Negotiations with the Swiss moved at their glacial rate. 1977 Time 8 Aug. 40/1 I see a steady, glacial shift out of equities and into bonds. 1991 New Scientist 23 Feb. 16/3 The US was mainly to blame for the ‘glacial pace’ of the negotiations, according to the Climate Action Network for the US. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1935adj.1656
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glacialn.

glacialadj.

Derivatives

Draft additions 1993