crashn.¹

Brit.

/kraʃ/, U.S.

/kræʃ/

Etymology: < crash v.

1. The loud and sudden sound as of a hard body or number of bodies broken by violent percussion, as by being dashed to the ground or against each other; also transferred to the sound of thunder, loud music, etc. (It is often impossible to separate the sound from the action as exemplified in sense 2.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [noun] > of impact or concussion > crash, clash, or smash

rackc1300

crushc1330

crashingc1440

rasha1450

reela1450

frush1487

clasha1522

crash1574

clush-clash1582

crush-crash1582

rouncival1582

clashing1619

rack1671

smash1808

1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1463 A crashe, the noise of a thing that is broken. Fragor.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 479 Stoopes to his base; and with a hiddious crash Takes prisoner Pirrhus eare.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 147 The windows were..demolished with a terrible crash.

1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. vi. 145 The thunder burst with a terrific crash.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 12 The echos of the first crash.

a. The breaking to pieces of any heavy hard body or bodies by violent percussion; the shock of such bodies striking and smashing each other.

ΚΠ

1716 Let. in A. Pope Corr. (1956) I. 381 The decay of beauty, and the crash of worlds. [But cf. crush n.]

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 928 The whole Forest in one Crash descends.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. i. 39 The oak..when, with far-sounding crash, it falls.

b. figurative. The action of falling to ruin suddenly and violently; spec. sudden collapse or failure of a financial undertaking, or of mercantile credit generally.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [noun] > commercial failure

failing1671

failure1702

crash1817

smash1839

smashdom1859

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [noun] > commercial failure > general

crash1817

money-quake1841

1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 97 A rapid series of explosions (in mercantile language, a Crash) and a consequent precipitation of the general system.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 663 With what a crash..would the whole vast fabric of society have fallen!

1889 R. Giffen Case against Bimetallism (1892) 119 At the cost of a financial crash to which the world has yet seen no parallel.

1890 Spectator 12 July A great crash is expected in South America. Both in the Argentine Republic and Uruguay, everybody has been over-speculating.

†3. A bout of revelry, amusement, fighting, etc.; a short spell, spurt. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > spell of some action

whilec1175

stint1533

crash1549

fleech1589

spell1707

return1763

run1864

fling period1885

go-round1911

jag1913

brannigan1928

1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Nij^v To recreate theim selves with sportyng tales a crashe.

c1575 W. Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 40 But first he must rayle a crash at the forsaken Protestantes.

1591 R. Turnbull Expos. Epist. St. Iames f. 75 They haue a spirt, a crash, a fit at the worde, and leaue off.

a1652 R. Brome New Acad. iii. i. 48 in Five New Playes (1659) Come Gentlemen, shall we have a crash at cards?

1767 W. Hanbury Hist. Rise Charitable Found. Church-Langton 168 We could not have a friendly crash, but we must be troubled with one or more of those fellows [musical performers] to fill up the parts.

4. Hunting. The outcry made by hounds when they find the game. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > cry of hounds

bayc1300

mutea1375

questc1400

music1600

crash1781

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > sound made by > in hunting

bayc1300

mutea1375

music1600

crash1781

1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xiii. 167 Where are all your sorrows..one halloo has dispelled them all.—What a crash they make!

1837 ‘Nimrod’ Chace, Turf, & Road 50 There is no crash now, and not much music... At the pace these hounds are going there is no time for babbling.

1919 J. Masefield Reynard the Fox 85 But the whimpering rose to a crying crash By the hollow ruin of Tineton Ash.

1949 C. E. Hare Lang. Field Sports (ed. 2) xi. 136 Hounds may speak..with:..Many cries: e.g. on hitting off the line on a screaming scent (a crash). This is more like a ‘muffled roar’.

5. Theatre.

a. (See quots. 1891, 1947¹.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > machinery for effects > for thunder

mustard-bowl1674

thunder-trunk1767

thunder-drum1807

thundering-machine1826

bronteon1849

crash1891

thunder-sheet1913

thunder run1944

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > machinery for effects > others

red fire1680

lightning box1825

blue fire1826

rain box1867

crash1891

wind-machine1906

1891 J. S. Farmer Slang II. 206/2 Crash, the machine used to suggest the roar of thunder; a noise of desperate (and unseen) conflict; an effect of ‘alarums, excursions’ generally.

1947 Gloss. Techn. Theatr. Terms 12 Crash, a hand-operated, magnified version of the watchman's wooden rattle.

1947 Gloss. Techn. Theatr. Terms 13 Thunder... Sometimes an ordinary wine or beer barrel..charged with cobble stones.., thus Thunder Crash.

b. A noise of breaking; the glass, etc., used to imitate the sound of the breaking of windows, etc.

ΚΠ

1921 R. M. Heath A.B.C. of Production 70 ‘Glass crash’, ready off L. up stage.

1952 W. Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 52 Crash, any ‘crash’ effect. Splintering glass is known as a glass crash... A door slam is a door crash; breaking crockery is a china crash.

a. Aeronautics, Motoring, etc. The act, or an instance, of crashing. (See crash v. 6a.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > collision or accident

car accident1834

street accident1835

accident1836

smash-up1856

car crash1877

car wreck1877

motor accident1910

wreck1912

crash1917

rollover1955

prang1959

shunt1959

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > crash landing > crashing (aircraft)

crash1917

pranging1942

1917 Sphere 3 Mar. 190/1 This particular victim of a ‘crash’ had been compelled to lie abed..for several weeks.

a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 167 It is the ambition of every youthful pilot to down a Hun in our lines—and then land a crash alongside.

a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 185 About the end of May I had my first crash, on a Bristol Scout that I was delivering to J—— G——.

1923 Motor Cycling 26 Sept. 659/2 Lowe's retirement was due to a crash caused by a burst front tyre.

1929 Star 21 Aug. 8/2 Air crash that caused 7 deaths.

1970 Times 22 Oct. 4/6 The pilot, who was alone in the plane, was killed in the crash.

1971 Daily Tel. 1 Jan. 4/4 (headline) 70 feared dead in rail crash.

b. Computing. A sudden failure which puts a system out of action, often with the loss of data.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > system failure

crash1972

1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 203/1 If there is a crash, we have an armoury of little programs to aid the system programmers in sorting out the system.

1977 G. Wiederhold Database Design xi. 503 Most vulnerable are the most recent records. In a crash some of these may be lost in buffers which have not yet been written.

1982 What's New in Computing Nov. 40/3 Common cable ducts..have resulted in a great deal of crosstalk with resultant system crashes.

1984 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Jan. 16/1 Wouldn't it be great to be able to program or enter data to a computer verbally? No clumsy typing, no program crashes because of missing or wrong punctuation, no eye-straining monitors.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.

crash barrier n. a barrier erected to halt an aeroplane, car, etc., that goes off its intended course.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > barrier

crash barrier1947

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > to stop a vehicle which runs off course

crash barrier1947

Armco1961

1947 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 51 823/1 Crash barriers, as they were first called, were introduced into the Royal Navy in 1938.

1970 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 1/7 About 50 miles of the 680 miles of motorway in use have crash barriers.

crash boat n. originally U.S. a boat used to rescue those involved in a crash at sea.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > lifeboat or raft

boatlOE

lifeboat1797

safety boat1814

life raft1819

life craft1844

raft1849

redningskoite1906

Carley float1915

crash boat1936

1936 Sun (Baltimore) 3 June 24/5 The crash boat pulled the midshipman and Wood from the water.

1946 L. G. Green So Few are Free (1948) v. 81 Until war brought crash boats into Cape waters, the record for the run from Table Bay to Dassen was held by a harbour tug.

crash cymbal n. a cymbal hung in such a way as to make a crashing noise when struck with a drumstick.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > [noun] > cymbal

cymbalc825

chimea1300

chime-bellc1300

basinsa1350

target1696

zill1754

cymbalon1824

finger cymbal1845

crash cymbal1927

choke-cymbal1934

sock cymbal1936

sizzle cymbal1944

top cymbal1948

ride1956

splash cymbal1961

1927 Melody Maker Apr. 387/1 It is impossible to execute this properly on the crash cymbal, because, as this crash has to be damped out to get the proper rhythm, both hands are occupied.

1961 A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 34 ‘Dance cymbals’ is a general classification which includes: ‘fast’.., ‘splash’.., ‘bounce’, ‘ride’ or ‘crash’ (specially tapered cymbals).

crash-dive n. (a) a sudden dive made by a submarine when surprised or in imminent danger; (b) a dive made by an aircraft, ending in a crash.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > diving or surfacing of submarines

dive1915

crash-dive1919

surfacing1922

1919 Times 22 Mar. 8/1 The submarine commander, if the flying boats were sighted, could do a ‘crash dive’.

1922 E. K. Chatterton Q-Ships viii. 97 The U-boat would then make a crash-dive towards the bottom.

crash-dive v. transitive and intransitive (also transferred).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > cause submarine to dive suddenly

crash-dive1928

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > submerge or travel under water (of submarine)

dive1872

submerge1903

crash-dive1928

to do a porpoise1929

snort1953

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > crash-dive

crash-dive1928

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > descend > suddenly and steeply

dive1908

volplane1911

nosedive1915

crash-dive1928

power-dive1929

1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xii. 177 As soon as those aboard the submarine saw the seaplane, they ‘crash-dived’ the boat.

1942 Air News Aug. 38/2 A legend became current that the Nipponese pilots would crash-dive their airplanes rather than permit their capture intact.

1943 Times 6 Dec. 4/5 The U-boat crash-dived and results were not observed.

1945 Daily Express 20 Apr. Luftwaffe pilots have adopted Japanese suicide tactics... Pilots crash-dived on Russian bridges over the Oder, destroying three of them.

crash-halt n. of a motor vehicle: an abrupt halt; also transferred.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > stopping > abrupt halt

crash-halt1959

crash-stop1959

1959 A. C. Clarke Across Sea of Stars 204 Davis brought the jeep to its usual crash-halt in the parking space.

crash-helmet n. a helmet worn, esp. by motorcyclists, to protect the head.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > helmet > types of

hard hatc1400

smoke helmet1900

crash-helmet1918

skid-lid1958

1918 W. G. McMinnies Pract. Flying 228 Crash helmet, a specially-made flying helmet designed to save the pilot's head in case of a crash.

1923 Motor Cycle 20 Sept. p. xlvii (advt.) 5,000 New Crash Helmets..ex-R.A.F.

1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier ii. 28 The wooden crash-helmets—a comparatively recent invention—are a godsend..and so strong that you can take a violent blow on the head without feeling it.

1959 Times 30 Sept. 12/6 Girls in crash-helmets and jeans.

crash-helmeted adj. wearing a crash-helmet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing headgear > wearing a helmet

helmedc1275

helmeted1552

crash-helmeted1959

1959 News Chron. 26 Sept. 3/3 A crash-helmeted youth wheeling his motor-bike down the path.

1969 Daily Tel. 31 Oct. 15/2 Zoot-suited spivs and crash-helmeted police.

crash landing n. a landing involving damage to the aircraft.

ΘΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > crash landing

hard landing1840

crash landing1928

prang1942

1928 Literary Digest 12 May 74/2 A ‘Chinese three-point landing’ is a crash landing.

1942 Time 23 Feb. 21/3 The pilot..glided in for a crash landing.

crash-land v. [as a back-formation] (intransitive) also figurative.

ΘΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land > make crash landing

pile1841

to come down1909

crash1912

crash-land1941

prang1943

1941 P. Richey Fighter Pilot 27 We learnt that Killy had got his Hun after all: it had crash-landed near Macon.

1946 R. Lehmann Gipsy's Baby and Other Stories 156 The stage rocked madly on its trestles, John crash-landed beside her, bellowed in her ear.

1959 Listener 22 Jan. 163/1 A body moving in a Lunik-type path will not normally crash-land upon the Moon..unless it is given a fresh impulse at the critical moment.

crash pad n. (a) a shock-absorbing buffer for protection of passengers in aircraft, motor cars, etc.; (b) slang a place to sleep, esp. for a single night or in an emergency.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > place to sleep

beda1300

bedding1393

libken1567

bedroom1600

snooze1819

pad1914

skipper1925

crash pad1939

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > shock-absorbing pad

crash pad1939

1939 Collier's 24 June 55/1 In minor scrapes with death, pilots..shatter their goggles as their heads bang into crash pads—doughnuts of resilient material.

1959 Engineering 27 Feb. 265/2 Instrument clusters under foam-filled crash pads.

1968 Listener 31 Oct. 566/3 The hang-outs and crash pads..resound with the uncontrollable chattering of sour high-school drop-outs.

1970 Guardian 28 Oct. 13/1 I have..lived ‘underground’, slept in ‘crash pads’ and taken my food on charity.

crash programme n. a course of research, training, etc., undertaken with rapidity and intensive effort, e.g. in an emergency.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of

summer session1594

evening class1762

summer school1793

training course1822

shop class1844

elective1850

optional1855

night class1870

correspondence class1876

Chautauqua1884

correspondence course1902

gut1902

holiday course1906

shop1912

pud1917

training seminar1917

film school1929

day school1931

refresher1939

farm shop1941

survey course1941

weekend course1944

crash programme1947

sandwich course1955

thick sandwich1962

module1966

bird course1975

1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War 49 In these ‘crash’ programmes there was more difficulty in arranging to make the sets than the valves.

1957 Economist 21 Sept. 958/2 Once this crash programme of vaccination has been completed, the demand for vaccine will fall off sharply.

1958 Optima Mar. 51/2 This consultation en masse resembles a crash programme—it is calculated to solve a large-scale problem in the most effective manner in the shortest possible period of time.

crash-stop n. = crash-halt n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > stopping > abrupt halt

crash-halt1959

crash-stop1959

1959 Manch. Guardian 6 July 2/3 We went on as fast as before, and we were lucky to have only one crash-stop when we met a tractor.

1963 I. Fleming On Her Majesty's Secret Service xvii. 193 A girl..came to a crash-stop in front of Bond.

crash-tackle v. Football (transitive and intransitive) to tackle with great vigour.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > play football [verb (transitive)] > actions or manoeuvres

place-kick1845

punt1845

dribble1863

head1871

tackle1884

mark1887

foot1900

boot1914

rumble1954

late-tackle1957

dummy1958

crash-tackle1960

to pick up1961

nod1965

slot1970

welly1986

1960 Times 1 Feb. 15/1 As Jackson was crash-tackled he let fly from just inside the penalty area.

1960 Times 2 Nov. 17/4 Stowe crash-tackled with such fury Oundle could not go far.

crash-tackling adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > [adjective] > quality of player

two-footed1948

crash-tackling1954

wantaway1965

box-to-box1983

1954 J. B. G. Thomas On Tour 11 I have had the pleasure of playing first with Sale, alongside the crash-tackling Claude Davey.

crash truck n. originally U.S. an emergency vehicle equipped for aid after an aeroplane crash, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > emergency vehicle for crash

crash wagon1938

crash truck1943

1943 Sci. News Let. 387 (caption) Crash Truck..ready to rush to the scene of a crash and shoot hundreds of gallons of water on a burning plane.

crash wagon n. = crash truck n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > emergency vehicle for crash

crash wagon1938

crash truck1943

1938 Time 5 Sept. 51 (advt.) Known to the Navy as ‘Crash Wagons’, these three White trucks represent the last word in modern emergency equipment.

1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose v. 215 At three hundred feet she was still spinning, and I shouted to the men to get the crash wagon.

C2. attributive passing into adj. Undertaken with rapidity or intensive effort; organized for an emergency. Cf. crash-dive vb. at Compounds 1 and crash programme n. at Compounds 1 above.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > undertaken quickly

crash1952

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > acting expeditiously (of persons) > organized for rapid action

crash1952

1952 Sun (Baltimore) 28 Feb. 1/1 The construction of the bases was undertaken as a ‘crash’ job, that is, a job to be done with all possible speed.

1954 Newsweek 30 Aug. 46/1 Crash teams of doctors, nurses, and physical therapists for all important diagnosis and initial treatment cannot be sent to critical areas in sufficient numbers.

1958 Economist 6 Dec. 866/1 The minister has already made what he thinks is adequate provision in the crash training college scheme announced last August.

1970 Observer 10 May 27/7 Don't go on a crash diet. You'll only put it back on again.

Draft additions September 2013

crash mat n. Sport a thick padded mat used in sports such as gymnastics, pole-vaulting, trampolining, etc., to cushion a landing or fall.

ΚΠ

1972 Transcript (North Adams, Mass.) 28 Nov. 9/3 The proceeds will be used to purchase a crash mat.

1984 New Yorker 18 June 42/1 Hank was the state champion pole-vaulter... While all the other athletes ran around..Hank lay on the crash mats..sunbathing.

1994 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 6 Feb. 5 He was astonished that there were no nets or crash-mats at the place where Maier fell and broke her neck in the Garmisch downhill eight days ago.

1997 Independent (Nexis) 11 Jan. 25 The tumblers queue for the trampette; they've graduated to mid-air somersaults, trying to hit the crash-mat—doubled up now so it's 4ft thick—upright.

2011 R. Brightbart tr. S. Rochhausen Teaching Parkour Sports in School Gymnastics vii. 90/2 (caption) The crash mat provides additional grip because it allows the hands to sink into the foam.

Draft additions December 2005

crash cart n. Medicine colloquial (chiefly North American) a trolley carrying the drugs and equipment used for emergency resuscitation in cases of cardiac arrest; cf. crash v. Additions.

ΚΠ

1964 Nevada State Jrnl. 25 June 4/4 Mobile units called ‘crash carts’ are always on hand, completely equipped with every possible life-saving instrument.

2002 Good Housek. (Electronic ed.) Oct. When the line monitoring his heart went flat,..she heard the code-blue alarm sound and saw the crash cart fly past.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

crashn.²

Brit.

/kraʃ/, U.S.

/kræʃ/

Etymology: Of uncertain origin: compare Russian krashenīna coloured linen.

a. A coarse kind of linen, used for towels, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > coarse

linsey1435

buckram1436

osnaburg1448

straiken1531

noggen1564

barras1640

Ticklenburgs1696

treillis1706

rough1784

toile de Leon1794

crash1812

Forfars1882

linen crash1895

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 125 A coarse sort of narrow Russia Linen..commonly called Crash, and generally used as Towelling.

1867 F. H. Ludlow Little Brother 79 There is crash upon the wide surface of the parlour floors!

1892 Daily News 3 Sept. 2/6 Coarse linens, such as canvas and crashes.

b. attributive. Made of crash.

ΚΠ

1875 I. L. Bird Hawaiian Archipel. xi. 106 A basin, crash towels, a carafe.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 June 14/1 Strong white ‘crash’ bags.

2. The name of a tint in textile fabrics, the colour of unbleached cotton.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [noun] > off-white or dirty white

sheep's-colour1551

whey-colour1662

sullied white1681

crash1927

off-white1927

natural1930

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > white or pale > colour of

crash1927

1927 Daily Express 2 Apr. 6 In shades of Peach, Bracken, Sunburn, Caramel, Gold, Crash, White.

1927 Daily Mail 12 July 1 Colours:..Silver, Blush, Crash, etc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

crashv.

Brit.

/kraʃ/, U.S.

/kræʃ/

Forms: Also Middle English crassche, Middle English craschyn, crayschyn, Middle English–1500s crasshe.

Etymology: An onomatopœic word having the same relation to crack that clash has to clack and clap : see clash v., dash v. There are possible associations also with crase, craze (though here the a has been long, and the s pronounced as z probably from the 14th cent.). The modern Scandinavian languages show Icelandic krassa ‘perfricare, dilacerare’ (Haldors.), Swedish krasa, Danish krase to crackle, and the phrases Swedish slå i kras, Danish gå i kras to dash in pieces, break to shivers; but these are apparently only analogous formations.

a. transitive. To break in pieces with violence and noise; to dash in pieces, shiver, shatter, smash. (Now somewhat rare.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > with a noise

crackc1300

to-clattera1375

crash?a1400

knack1546

scrash1640

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1109 The creest and þe coronalle..with his clubb he crasschede doune.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos ii. C Beholde, I wil crasshe you in sonder.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Crash, to kill.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 602 The pond'rous Stone..crash'd the solid Bone.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lix. 277 Crashing the branches as he went.

1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. x. 171 The tempest that crashes down the forest.

1854 W. S. Landor Lett. Amer. 41 To see the valorous and adventurous crasht by the portentous concurrence of brute matter.

†b. figurative. To discuss with violence and noise; to ‘thrash out’. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > hold discussions about, debate [verb (transitive)] > exhaustively

beat1470

hammer1594

extund1610

crasha1670

to thresh out1805

to thrash out1829

to hash out1916

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 42 He thought them [sc. Calvinistic controversies]..worthy of crashing in the Schools, but not in the Church.

c. To force or drive with a crash or with crashing; to cause to come or go with a crash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > make (more) violent [verb (transitive)] > force or drive violently

crash1831

1831 T. Carlyle Let. 17 Aug. in Coll. Lett. T. &. J. W. Carlyle (1976) V. 338 Two women literally crashing hoarse thunder out of a piano.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. ii. 97 Two other knights crashed their horses through the brushwood.

d. To pass by (a traffic-light) when it is on the point of changing to red or has already done so.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > drive past a red traffic light

run1935

crash1937

jump1938

1937 L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland iii. 32 Traffic and changing lights, crashing the amber.

1967 Punch 10 May 662/2 Motorists who saw the bullion robbery van crash the lights in Holloway Road that day.

a. intransitive. To break or fall to pieces with noise, as when dashed down or violently struck; to smash, break up. rare. (First quot. of doubtful sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > shatter or break to pieces or burst > with noise

clattera1225

crash1535

snap1602

go1798

unsnap1867

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos ii. C Like as a wayne crassheth, y^t is full of sheaues.

1803 J. Bryant in Naval Chron. 9 240 At the first blow his head crashed.

b. To move or go with crashing. Now frequently with adverb. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > move in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move noisily > with crash

crash1694

1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 44 Crashing and grinding against each other.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) i. 89 The rocks..overlap, and crumble, and crack, as if they would crash over you.

1860 T. Martin tr. Horace Odes 179 He crash'd through the fray with his terrible spear.

1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 24 Some..hand would crash through them and leave them dangling brokenly.

1886 ‘M. Gray’ Silence of Dean Maitland I. iii. iv He longed for the..high stone roof to crash in and hide him from that terrible gaze.

1893 M. E. Mann In Summer Shade xxviii Bob..crashed over and fell in his blood at his murderer's feet.

1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood v She was prepared for some new development which must crash in on her ignorance.

1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 190 Seats had crashed over.

†3.

a. transitive. To strike (the teeth) together with noise; to gnash. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth)

gnasta1300

crashc1440

grash1563

grind1573

gnash1590

grit1797

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth)

grind1340

grunta1400

crashc1440

graislea1522

grate1555

jar1568

beat1597

champ1775

grit1797

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 100 Craschyn, as tethe, fremo, frondeo.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 I knowe a foole that wyll crasshe his tethe togyther.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vii. xlii. 125 He shakt his head and crasht his teeth for ire.

1646 F. Hawkins tr. Youths Behaviour (ed. 4) 2 Rub not thy teeth, nor crash them.

†b. to crash with the teeth, in same sense. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth

gristbitec900

grindc1000

gnasta1300

grinta1300

gnacche13..

chirka1387

grenta1425

grunt1426

gristc1460

gnash1496

to crash with the teeth1530

grash1563

granch1736

chark1825

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 500/2 I crasshe with my tethe togyther, je grinche.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1464 He crasheth terribly with his teeth.

†c. To crush with the teeth; to craunch v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (transitive)] > crunch or with teeth

crash1530

craunch1632

crunch1814

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > munch or crunch

gruse?c1225

maungec1400

muncha1425

champ1530

crash1530

cham1531

chank1567

scranch1620

grouze1628

craunch1632

crump1647

denticate1799

crinch1808

crunch1814

scrunch1825

chomp1848

chump1854

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 Herke howe he crassheth these grystels bytwene his tethe.

1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks ii. 21 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucoliks Swine haue also crashed and broken akorns.

1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket iv. 147 A Lyon shall crash their bones.

1622 Bp. J. Hall Serm. Thebalds 27 Some crashed in peeces by the teeth of Lions.

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) To Cranch, (scranch or crunch) between the Teeth; v. To Crash. [To Crash,..to break with the Teeth with a Noise, as in eating green Fruit].

†d. intransitive (for passive. To go to pieces noisily between the teeth. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > give way under force or pressure [verb (intransitive)] > become crisp > go to pieces as crisp thing

crash1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 I crasshe, as a thynge dothe that is cryspe or britell bytwene ones tethe, je crespe.

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. K Betwene thy tethe, oftyme the coles crasshes.

4. To make the noise that a hard body does when dashed to pieces or smashed; to make a loud confused noise as of many hard bodies dashing and breaking together. †Formerly also, to make a crackling noise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > crackle

brastlec1000

rashetOE

spranklea1387

sprinklea1398

graislea1522

crash1563

crackle?1570

crick-crackle1608

decrepitate1677

crump1789

happer1825

crumple1837

crickle1849

crick-crack1850

crepitate1853

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [verb (intransitive)] > of impact or concussion > crash, clash, or smash

crush1398

clash?1518

swash1556

crash1563

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 67^v Tinn is..very porose..which causeth it to crashe, when it is broken or bitten.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 3 Crash do the rent tacklings [L. stridorque rudentum].

1653 H. More Antidote Atheism (1662) 99 Something yet crash'd in his belly, as if there were a Bag of Glass in it.

1768 T. Gray Fatal Sisters in Poems 81 Pikes must shiver..Hauberk crash, and helmet ring.

1822 Ld. Byron Vision of Judgm. lix Here crash'd a sturdy oath of stout John Bull.

1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 69 O'erhead the rolling thunders crash.

5. The verb stem is used adverbially, usually with the verb go: cf. bang v.¹ 8c, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [adverb] > crash, clash, or smash

swash?1548

swashly1582

crash1762

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 50 Crash went half a dozen dragons upon the marble hearth stone.

1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. vi. 231 Crash with that The Image fell.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. vii. 122 Crash went the slight deal boards.

a. intransitive. Of an aircraft or its pilot: to fall or come down violently with the machine out of control. Also of a motor car, motor cycle, or train, or its occupant(s): to suffer damage in an accident. Also figurative of a business or its proprietor: to suffer financial ruin.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (intransitive)] > suffer financial ruin

crash1912

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [verb (intransitive)] > suffer an accident

crash1912

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land > make crash landing

pile1841

to come down1909

crash1912

crash-land1941

prang1943

1912 Manch. Courier 1 Sept. 3/1 The machine crashed down into the meadow.

1915 War Illustr. 6 Nov. 288/2 Cpl. Bennett disabled the German machine, which crashed to earth.

a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 122 One of our machines had crashed about a mile away and..both occupants were dead.

a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 164 The Hun went down and crashed.

1919 P. Bewsher Green Balls 231 He's getting very low! My God! Did you hear that! He's crashed!

1923 Motor Cycling 26 Sept. 657/2 The first casualty was..one of the favourites, who crashed on Bray Hill, his machine catching fire.

1928 F. E. Baily Golden Vanity xv Secretaryships to magnates are so precarious. Moreover, if French crashed, who would give his ex-secretary a job?

a1935 R. Loraine in W. Loraine Robert Loraine (1938) vi. 106 The machine leapt higher,..then—paff!—I came to earth, having stalled and crashed.

1970 Times 22 Oct. 4/6 A light aeroplane which crashed near a caravan site.

1971 Daily Tel. 8 Feb. 2/6 A car crashed into a bus stop queue in Aigburth Road, Liverpool, yesterday.

b. transitive. To damage or destroy (an aircraft) in landing; to cause damage to (a vehicle) in an accident.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > land > crash-land

pile1891

crash1915

to wash out1918

prang1941

1915 H. Rosher Let. 14 Mar. in In Royal Naval Air Service (1916) 69 Our aerodrome here is a beastly small one. I have had several narrow shaves already of running into things, and feel sure that before long I shall ‘crash’ something.

1919 A. E. Illingworth Fly Papers 26 ‘If you want a walking stick,’ I said, ‘crash a machine yourself—don't come pinching mine.’

1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station i. 44 This machine was crashed as a result of a forced landing.

1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station ix. 136 The last-named officer crashed his machine on landing (owing to the bad condition of the ground).

c. intransitive. Computing. To fail suddenly; to undergo a crash (crash n.¹ 6b).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [verb (intransitive)] > fail suddenly

crash1973

1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 43/3 A computer can ‘crash’, or fail, for any number of reasons. Usually the cause can be traced either to the failure of an electronic component or to a flaw in the program.

1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 51/2 Normally I would put this down to faulty hardware, but the system did not crash under CP/M.

1981 Kilobaud Microcomputing June 103/2 Indiscriminate poking can cause the computer to crash, resulting in the loss of the program.

1983 Daily Tel. 30 Apr. 25/2 Many people, when they find that long programmes keep on crashing, feel the urge to stamp on the computer.

1985 Listener 25 Apr. 38/3 At any moment a change in voltage can wipe out what one has written before ‘saving to disk’ and, even when one has saved, a disk can ‘crash’.

7. colloquial.

a. (originally U.S.). To break into (a place); to gain admission to (a place, party, etc.) without the proper credentials or an invitation; to gatecrash. Also transferred, to ‘break into’ or enter (a group, profession, etc.). So to crash the gate: to gatecrash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner > without ticket or invitation

to crash the gate1922

crash1929

gatecrash1931

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner > without ticket or invitation

crash1922

gatecrash1931

society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > be guest [verb (intransitive)] > uninvited

to crash the gate1922

crash1929

gatecrash1931

lig1960

society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > [verb (transitive)] > enter as uninvited guest

crash1922

gatecrash1931

1922 Dial. Notes 5 147 (Bryn Mawr College) We crashed the gate at a swell joint like some finale hoppers.

1924 G. C. Henderson Keys to Crookdom ii. 20 The grand larcenist..will burglarize a place quickly enough, but the petty thief is too timid as a rule to ‘crash a joint’.

1937 Rotarian Nov. 11/1 To ‘crash a party’.

1938 P. G. Wodehouse Code of Woosters vi. 106 Staring at me..as if I had been a ticket-of-leave man who had got in by crashing the gate.

1951 N.Y. Herald Tribune 12 Dec. 27/3 I'm glad to see [he]..crashed television successfully.

1953 R. Fuller Second Curtain v. 80 I hope you'll forgive me crashing your excellent party.

1958 Economist 11 Jan. 117/2 To crash a party—to come uninvited—was branded as inexcusable.

b. intransitive. With in, into.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner > without ticket or invitation

to crash the gate1922

crash1929

gatecrash1931

society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > be guest [verb (intransitive)] > uninvited

to crash the gate1922

crash1929

gatecrash1931

lig1960

1929 P. Dunning & G. Abbott Broadway iii. 104 Some of Scar Edwards' playmates might try to crash in, looking for trouble.

1931 D. Runyon Guys & Dolls (1932) ii. 40 He hears rumours of the party, and just crashes in.

1942 O. Nash Face is Familiar 80 The prominent and respectable dignitary who..crashed into a thousand anthologies by remarking, There but for the grace of God go I.

1950 T. S. Eliot Cocktail Party iii. 147 She told me you were giving a party... So I said, I really must crash in.

c. slang. To sleep, esp. for a single night or in an emergency. Cf. crash pad n. (b) at crash n.¹ Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > other specific conditions

lulla1450

to lie in the woollen1600

to have or get one's sleep out1685

bundle1781

crash1969

1969 Win 1 Sept. 21/1 The two people who had come for help agreed to take these guys home with them, turn them on, feed them, give them a place to crash, love them a lot and keep them close to them all the next day.

1970 Guardian 31 Mar. 11/1 The homeless one was sure that someone would always offer him a place ‘to crash’.

Draft additions December 2005

Medicine colloquial (chiefly North American). Of a patient: to suffer cardiac arrest; to deteriorate precipitously, with imminent circulatory and respiratory failure.

ΚΠ

1983 Santa Barbara News-Press 18 Dec. 1 Courtney..had ‘crashed’. Five nurses and the doctor were bent over the baby, trying to restart her failing heart.

1990 Jrnl. Trauma 30 1548 Failure to do these may put a physician at legal risk..if the patient crashes after being discharged from the emergency department while still impaired by alcohol.

2004 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 15 July The second time she crashed, Dee was rushed in for a five-hour triple heart bypass operation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1549

n.²1812

v.?a1400

单词	crash
释义	crashn.¹ Brit. /kraʃ/, U.S. /kræʃ/ Etymology: < crash v. 1. The loud and sudden sound as of a hard body or number of bodies broken by violent percussion, as by being dashed to the ground or against each other; also transferred to the sound of thunder, loud music, etc. (It is often impossible to separate the sound from the action as exemplified in sense 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [noun] > of impact or concussion > crash, clash, or smash rackc1300 crushc1330 crashingc1440 rasha1450 reela1450 frush1487 clasha1522 crash1574 clush-clash1582 crush-crash1582 rouncival1582 clashing1619 rack1671 smash1808 1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1463 A crashe, the noise of a thing that is broken. Fragor. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 479 Stoopes to his base; and with a hiddious crash Takes prisoner Pirrhus eare. View more context for this quotation 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 147 The windows were..demolished with a terrible crash. 1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. vi. 145 The thunder burst with a terrific crash. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 12 The echos of the first crash. 2. a. The breaking to pieces of any heavy hard body or bodies by violent percussion; the shock of such bodies striking and smashing each other. ΚΠ 1716 Let. in A. Pope Corr. (1956) I. 381 The decay of beauty, and the crash of worlds. [But cf. crush n.] 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 928 The whole Forest in one Crash descends. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. i. 39 The oak..when, with far-sounding crash, it falls. b. figurative. The action of falling to ruin suddenly and violently; spec. sudden collapse or failure of a financial undertaking, or of mercantile credit generally. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [noun] > commercial failure failing1671 failure1702 crash1817 smash1839 smashdom1859 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [noun] > commercial failure > general crash1817 money-quake1841 1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 97 A rapid series of explosions (in mercantile language, a Crash) and a consequent precipitation of the general system. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 663 With what a crash..would the whole vast fabric of society have fallen! 1889 R. Giffen Case against Bimetallism (1892) 119 At the cost of a financial crash to which the world has yet seen no parallel. 1890 Spectator 12 July A great crash is expected in South America. Both in the Argentine Republic and Uruguay, everybody has been over-speculating. †3. A bout of revelry, amusement, fighting, etc.; a short spell, spurt. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > spell of some action whilec1175 stint1533 crash1549 fleech1589 spell1707 return1763 run1864 fling period1885 go-round1911 jag1913 brannigan1928 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Nij^v To recreate theim selves with sportyng tales a crashe. c1575 W. Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory (1577) 40 But first he must rayle a crash at the forsaken Protestantes. 1591 R. Turnbull Expos. Epist. St. Iames f. 75 They haue a spirt, a crash, a fit at the worde, and leaue off. a1652 R. Brome New Acad. iii. i. 48 in Five New Playes (1659) Come Gentlemen, shall we have a crash at cards? 1767 W. Hanbury Hist. Rise Charitable Found. Church-Langton 168 We could not have a friendly crash, but we must be troubled with one or more of those fellows [musical performers] to fill up the parts. 4. Hunting. The outcry made by hounds when they find the game. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > cry of hounds bayc1300 mutea1375 questc1400 music1600 crash1781 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > sound made by > in hunting bayc1300 mutea1375 music1600 crash1781 1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xiii. 167 Where are all your sorrows..one halloo has dispelled them all.—What a crash they make! 1837 ‘Nimrod’ Chace, Turf, & Road 50 There is no crash now, and not much music... At the pace these hounds are going there is no time for babbling. 1919 J. Masefield Reynard the Fox 85 But the whimpering rose to a crying crash By the hollow ruin of Tineton Ash. 1949 C. E. Hare Lang. Field Sports (ed. 2) xi. 136 Hounds may speak..with:..Many cries: e.g. on hitting off the line on a screaming scent (a crash). This is more like a ‘muffled roar’. 5. Theatre. a. (See quots. 1891, 1947¹.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > machinery for effects > for thunder mustard-bowl1674 thunder-trunk1767 thunder-drum1807 thundering-machine1826 bronteon1849 crash1891 thunder-sheet1913 thunder run1944 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > machinery for effects > others red fire1680 lightning box1825 blue fire1826 rain box1867 crash1891 wind-machine1906 1891 J. S. Farmer Slang II. 206/2 Crash, the machine used to suggest the roar of thunder; a noise of desperate (and unseen) conflict; an effect of ‘alarums, excursions’ generally. 1947 Gloss. Techn. Theatr. Terms 12 Crash, a hand-operated, magnified version of the watchman's wooden rattle. 1947 Gloss. Techn. Theatr. Terms 13 Thunder... Sometimes an ordinary wine or beer barrel..charged with cobble stones.., thus Thunder Crash. b. A noise of breaking; the glass, etc., used to imitate the sound of the breaking of windows, etc. ΚΠ 1921 R. M. Heath A.B.C. of Production 70 ‘Glass crash’, ready off L. up stage. 1952 W. Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 52 Crash, any ‘crash’ effect. Splintering glass is known as a glass crash... A door slam is a door crash; breaking crockery is a china crash. 6. a. Aeronautics, Motoring, etc. The act, or an instance, of crashing. (See crash v. 6a.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > collision or accident car accident1834 street accident1835 accident1836 smash-up1856 car crash1877 car wreck1877 motor accident1910 wreck1912 crash1917 rollover1955 prang1959 shunt1959 society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > crash landing > crashing (aircraft) crash1917 pranging1942 1917 Sphere 3 Mar. 190/1 This particular victim of a ‘crash’ had been compelled to lie abed..for several weeks. a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 167 It is the ambition of every youthful pilot to down a Hun in our lines—and then land a crash alongside. a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 185 About the end of May I had my first crash, on a Bristol Scout that I was delivering to J—— G——. 1923 Motor Cycling 26 Sept. 659/2 Lowe's retirement was due to a crash caused by a burst front tyre. 1929 Star 21 Aug. 8/2 Air crash that caused 7 deaths. 1970 Times 22 Oct. 4/6 The pilot, who was alone in the plane, was killed in the crash. 1971 Daily Tel. 1 Jan. 4/4 (headline) 70 feared dead in rail crash. b. Computing. A sudden failure which puts a system out of action, often with the loss of data. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > system failure crash1972 1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 203/1 If there is a crash, we have an armoury of little programs to aid the system programmers in sorting out the system. 1977 G. Wiederhold Database Design xi. 503 Most vulnerable are the most recent records. In a crash some of these may be lost in buffers which have not yet been written. 1982 What's New in Computing Nov. 40/3 Common cable ducts..have resulted in a great deal of crosstalk with resultant system crashes. 1984 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Jan. 16/1 Wouldn't it be great to be able to program or enter data to a computer verbally? No clumsy typing, no program crashes because of missing or wrong punctuation, no eye-straining monitors. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations. crash barrier n. a barrier erected to halt an aeroplane, car, etc., that goes off its intended course. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > barrier crash barrier1947 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > to stop a vehicle which runs off course crash barrier1947 Armco1961 1947 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 51 823/1 Crash barriers, as they were first called, were introduced into the Royal Navy in 1938. 1970 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 1/7 About 50 miles of the 680 miles of motorway in use have crash barriers. crash boat n. originally U.S. a boat used to rescue those involved in a crash at sea. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > lifeboat or raft boatlOE lifeboat1797 safety boat1814 life raft1819 life craft1844 raft1849 redningskoite1906 Carley float1915 crash boat1936 1936 Sun (Baltimore) 3 June 24/5 The crash boat pulled the midshipman and Wood from the water. 1946 L. G. Green So Few are Free (1948) v. 81 Until war brought crash boats into Cape waters, the record for the run from Table Bay to Dassen was held by a harbour tug. crash cymbal n. a cymbal hung in such a way as to make a crashing noise when struck with a drumstick. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > [noun] > cymbal cymbalc825 chimea1300 chime-bellc1300 basinsa1350 target1696 zill1754 cymbalon1824 finger cymbal1845 crash cymbal1927 choke-cymbal1934 sock cymbal1936 sizzle cymbal1944 top cymbal1948 ride1956 splash cymbal1961 1927 Melody Maker Apr. 387/1 It is impossible to execute this properly on the crash cymbal, because, as this crash has to be damped out to get the proper rhythm, both hands are occupied. 1961 A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 34 ‘Dance cymbals’ is a general classification which includes: ‘fast’.., ‘splash’.., ‘bounce’, ‘ride’ or ‘crash’ (specially tapered cymbals). crash-dive n. (a) a sudden dive made by a submarine when surprised or in imminent danger; (b) a dive made by an aircraft, ending in a crash. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > diving or surfacing of submarines dive1915 crash-dive1919 surfacing1922 1919 Times 22 Mar. 8/1 The submarine commander, if the flying boats were sighted, could do a ‘crash dive’. 1922 E. K. Chatterton Q-Ships viii. 97 The U-boat would then make a crash-dive towards the bottom. crash-dive v. transitive and intransitive (also transferred). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > cause submarine to dive suddenly crash-dive1928 society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > submerge or travel under water (of submarine) dive1872 submerge1903 crash-dive1928 to do a porpoise1929 snort1953 society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > crash-dive crash-dive1928 society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > descend > suddenly and steeply dive1908 volplane1911 nosedive1915 crash-dive1928 power-dive1929 1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xii. 177 As soon as those aboard the submarine saw the seaplane, they ‘crash-dived’ the boat. 1942 Air News Aug. 38/2 A legend became current that the Nipponese pilots would crash-dive their airplanes rather than permit their capture intact. 1943 Times 6 Dec. 4/5 The U-boat crash-dived and results were not observed. 1945 Daily Express 20 Apr. Luftwaffe pilots have adopted Japanese suicide tactics... Pilots crash-dived on Russian bridges over the Oder, destroying three of them. crash-halt n. of a motor vehicle: an abrupt halt; also transferred. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > stopping > abrupt halt crash-halt1959 crash-stop1959 1959 A. C. Clarke Across Sea of Stars 204 Davis brought the jeep to its usual crash-halt in the parking space. crash-helmet n. a helmet worn, esp. by motorcyclists, to protect the head. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > helmet > types of hard hatc1400 smoke helmet1900 crash-helmet1918 skid-lid1958 1918 W. G. McMinnies Pract. Flying 228 Crash helmet, a specially-made flying helmet designed to save the pilot's head in case of a crash. 1923 Motor Cycle 20 Sept. p. xlvii (advt.) 5,000 New Crash Helmets..ex-R.A.F. 1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier ii. 28 The wooden crash-helmets—a comparatively recent invention—are a godsend..and so strong that you can take a violent blow on the head without feeling it. 1959 Times 30 Sept. 12/6 Girls in crash-helmets and jeans. crash-helmeted adj. wearing a crash-helmet. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing headgear > wearing a helmet helmedc1275 helmeted1552 crash-helmeted1959 1959 News Chron. 26 Sept. 3/3 A crash-helmeted youth wheeling his motor-bike down the path. 1969 Daily Tel. 31 Oct. 15/2 Zoot-suited spivs and crash-helmeted police. crash landing n. a landing involving damage to the aircraft. ΘΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > crash landing hard landing1840 crash landing1928 prang1942 1928 Literary Digest 12 May 74/2 A ‘Chinese three-point landing’ is a crash landing. 1942 Time 23 Feb. 21/3 The pilot..glided in for a crash landing. crash-land v. [as a back-formation] (intransitive) also figurative. ΘΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land > make crash landing pile1841 to come down1909 crash1912 crash-land1941 prang1943 1941 P. Richey Fighter Pilot 27 We learnt that Killy had got his Hun after all: it had crash-landed near Macon. 1946 R. Lehmann Gipsy's Baby and Other Stories 156 The stage rocked madly on its trestles, John crash-landed beside her, bellowed in her ear. 1959 Listener 22 Jan. 163/1 A body moving in a Lunik-type path will not normally crash-land upon the Moon..unless it is given a fresh impulse at the critical moment. crash pad n. (a) a shock-absorbing buffer for protection of passengers in aircraft, motor cars, etc.; (b) slang a place to sleep, esp. for a single night or in an emergency. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > place to sleep beda1300 bedding1393 libken1567 bedroom1600 snooze1819 pad1914 skipper1925 crash pad1939 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > shock-absorbing pad crash pad1939 1939 Collier's 24 June 55/1 In minor scrapes with death, pilots..shatter their goggles as their heads bang into crash pads—doughnuts of resilient material. 1959 Engineering 27 Feb. 265/2 Instrument clusters under foam-filled crash pads. 1968 Listener 31 Oct. 566/3 The hang-outs and crash pads..resound with the uncontrollable chattering of sour high-school drop-outs. 1970 Guardian 28 Oct. 13/1 I have..lived ‘underground’, slept in ‘crash pads’ and taken my food on charity. crash programme n. a course of research, training, etc., undertaken with rapidity and intensive effort, e.g. in an emergency. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course > types of summer session1594 evening class1762 summer school1793 training course1822 shop class1844 elective1850 optional1855 night class1870 correspondence class1876 Chautauqua1884 correspondence course1902 gut1902 holiday course1906 shop1912 pud1917 training seminar1917 film school1929 day school1931 refresher1939 farm shop1941 survey course1941 weekend course1944 crash programme1947 sandwich course1955 thick sandwich1962 module1966 bird course1975 1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War 49 In these ‘crash’ programmes there was more difficulty in arranging to make the sets than the valves. 1957 Economist 21 Sept. 958/2 Once this crash programme of vaccination has been completed, the demand for vaccine will fall off sharply. 1958 Optima Mar. 51/2 This consultation en masse resembles a crash programme—it is calculated to solve a large-scale problem in the most effective manner in the shortest possible period of time. crash-stop n. = crash-halt n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > stopping > abrupt halt crash-halt1959 crash-stop1959 1959 Manch. Guardian 6 July 2/3 We went on as fast as before, and we were lucky to have only one crash-stop when we met a tractor. 1963 I. Fleming On Her Majesty's Secret Service xvii. 193 A girl..came to a crash-stop in front of Bond. crash-tackle v. Football (transitive and intransitive) to tackle with great vigour. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > play football [verb (transitive)] > actions or manoeuvres place-kick1845 punt1845 dribble1863 head1871 tackle1884 mark1887 foot1900 boot1914 rumble1954 late-tackle1957 dummy1958 crash-tackle1960 to pick up1961 nod1965 slot1970 welly1986 1960 Times 1 Feb. 15/1 As Jackson was crash-tackled he let fly from just inside the penalty area. 1960 Times 2 Nov. 17/4 Stowe crash-tackled with such fury Oundle could not go far. crash-tackling adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > [adjective] > quality of player two-footed1948 crash-tackling1954 wantaway1965 box-to-box1983 1954 J. B. G. Thomas On Tour 11 I have had the pleasure of playing first with Sale, alongside the crash-tackling Claude Davey. crash truck n. originally U.S. an emergency vehicle equipped for aid after an aeroplane crash, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > emergency vehicle for crash crash wagon1938 crash truck1943 1943 Sci. News Let. 387 (caption) Crash Truck..ready to rush to the scene of a crash and shoot hundreds of gallons of water on a burning plane. crash wagon n. = crash truck n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > emergency vehicle for crash crash wagon1938 crash truck1943 1938 Time 5 Sept. 51 (advt.) Known to the Navy as ‘Crash Wagons’, these three White trucks represent the last word in modern emergency equipment. 1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose v. 215 At three hundred feet she was still spinning, and I shouted to the men to get the crash wagon. C2. attributive passing into adj. Undertaken with rapidity or intensive effort; organized for an emergency. Cf. crash-dive vb. at Compounds 1 and crash programme n. at Compounds 1 above. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > undertaken quickly crash1952 the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > acting expeditiously (of persons) > organized for rapid action crash1952 1952 Sun (Baltimore) 28 Feb. 1/1 The construction of the bases was undertaken as a ‘crash’ job, that is, a job to be done with all possible speed. 1954 Newsweek 30 Aug. 46/1 Crash teams of doctors, nurses, and physical therapists for all important diagnosis and initial treatment cannot be sent to critical areas in sufficient numbers. 1958 Economist 6 Dec. 866/1 The minister has already made what he thinks is adequate provision in the crash training college scheme announced last August. 1970 Observer 10 May 27/7 Don't go on a crash diet. You'll only put it back on again. Draft additions September 2013 crash mat n. Sport a thick padded mat used in sports such as gymnastics, pole-vaulting, trampolining, etc., to cushion a landing or fall. ΚΠ 1972 Transcript (North Adams, Mass.) 28 Nov. 9/3 The proceeds will be used to purchase a crash mat. 1984 New Yorker 18 June 42/1 Hank was the state champion pole-vaulter... While all the other athletes ran around..Hank lay on the crash mats..sunbathing. 1994 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 6 Feb. 5 He was astonished that there were no nets or crash-mats at the place where Maier fell and broke her neck in the Garmisch downhill eight days ago. 1997 Independent (Nexis) 11 Jan. 25 The tumblers queue for the trampette; they've graduated to mid-air somersaults, trying to hit the crash-mat—doubled up now so it's 4ft thick—upright. 2011 R. Brightbart tr. S. Rochhausen Teaching Parkour Sports in School Gymnastics vii. 90/2 (caption) The crash mat provides additional grip because it allows the hands to sink into the foam. Draft additions December 2005 crash cart n. Medicine colloquial (chiefly North American) a trolley carrying the drugs and equipment used for emergency resuscitation in cases of cardiac arrest; cf. crash v. Additions. ΚΠ 1964 Nevada State Jrnl. 25 June 4/4 Mobile units called ‘crash carts’ are always on hand, completely equipped with every possible life-saving instrument. 2002 Good Housek. (Electronic ed.) Oct. When the line monitoring his heart went flat,..she heard the code-blue alarm sound and saw the crash cart fly past. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). crashn.² Brit. /kraʃ/, U.S. /kræʃ/ Etymology: Of uncertain origin: compare Russian krashenīna coloured linen. 1. a. A coarse kind of linen, used for towels, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > coarse linsey1435 buckram1436 osnaburg1448 straiken1531 noggen1564 barras1640 Ticklenburgs1696 treillis1706 rough1784 toile de Leon1794 crash1812 Forfars1882 linen crash1895 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 125 A coarse sort of narrow Russia Linen..commonly called Crash, and generally used as Towelling. 1867 F. H. Ludlow Little Brother 79 There is crash upon the wide surface of the parlour floors! 1892 Daily News 3 Sept. 2/6 Coarse linens, such as canvas and crashes. b. attributive. Made of crash. ΚΠ 1875 I. L. Bird Hawaiian Archipel. xi. 106 A basin, crash towels, a carafe. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 June 14/1 Strong white ‘crash’ bags. 2. The name of a tint in textile fabrics, the colour of unbleached cotton. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [noun] > off-white or dirty white sheep's-colour1551 whey-colour1662 sullied white1681 crash1927 off-white1927 natural1930 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > white or pale > colour of crash1927 1927 Daily Express 2 Apr. 6 In shades of Peach, Bracken, Sunburn, Caramel, Gold, Crash, White. 1927 Daily Mail 12 July 1 Colours:..Silver, Blush, Crash, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). crashv. Brit. /kraʃ/, U.S. /kræʃ/ Forms: Also Middle English crassche, Middle English craschyn, crayschyn, Middle English–1500s crasshe. Etymology: An onomatopœic word having the same relation to crack that clash has to clack and clap : see clash v., dash v. There are possible associations also with crase, craze (though here the a has been long, and the s pronounced as z probably from the 14th cent.). The modern Scandinavian languages show Icelandic krassa ‘perfricare, dilacerare’ (Haldors.), Swedish krasa, Danish krase to crackle, and the phrases Swedish slå i kras, Danish gå i kras to dash in pieces, break to shivers; but these are apparently only analogous formations. 1. a. transitive. To break in pieces with violence and noise; to dash in pieces, shiver, shatter, smash. (Now somewhat rare.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > with a noise crackc1300 to-clattera1375 crash?a1400 knack1546 scrash1640 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1109 The creest and þe coronalle..with his clubb he crasschede doune. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos ii. C Beholde, I wil crasshe you in sonder. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Crash, to kill. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 602 The pond'rous Stone..crash'd the solid Bone. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lix. 277 Crashing the branches as he went. 1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. x. 171 The tempest that crashes down the forest. 1854 W. S. Landor Lett. Amer. 41 To see the valorous and adventurous crasht by the portentous concurrence of brute matter. †b. figurative. To discuss with violence and noise; to ‘thrash out’. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > hold discussions about, debate [verb (transitive)] > exhaustively beat1470 hammer1594 extund1610 crasha1670 to thresh out1805 to thrash out1829 to hash out1916 a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 42 He thought them [sc. Calvinistic controversies]..worthy of crashing in the Schools, but not in the Church. c. To force or drive with a crash or with crashing; to cause to come or go with a crash. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > make (more) violent [verb (transitive)] > force or drive violently crash1831 1831 T. Carlyle Let. 17 Aug. in Coll. Lett. T. &. J. W. Carlyle (1976) V. 338 Two women literally crashing hoarse thunder out of a piano. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. ii. 97 Two other knights crashed their horses through the brushwood. d. To pass by (a traffic-light) when it is on the point of changing to red or has already done so. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > drive past a red traffic light run1935 crash1937 jump1938 1937 L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland iii. 32 Traffic and changing lights, crashing the amber. 1967 Punch 10 May 662/2 Motorists who saw the bullion robbery van crash the lights in Holloway Road that day. 2. a. intransitive. To break or fall to pieces with noise, as when dashed down or violently struck; to smash, break up. rare. (First quot. of doubtful sense.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > shatter or break to pieces or burst > with noise clattera1225 crash1535 snap1602 go1798 unsnap1867 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos ii. C Like as a wayne crassheth, y^t is full of sheaues. 1803 J. Bryant in Naval Chron. 9 240 At the first blow his head crashed. b. To move or go with crashing. Now frequently with adverb. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > move in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move noisily > with crash crash1694 1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 44 Crashing and grinding against each other. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) i. 89 The rocks..overlap, and crumble, and crack, as if they would crash over you. 1860 T. Martin tr. Horace Odes 179 He crash'd through the fray with his terrible spear. 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1886) 24 Some..hand would crash through them and leave them dangling brokenly. 1886 ‘M. Gray’ Silence of Dean Maitland I. iii. iv He longed for the..high stone roof to crash in and hide him from that terrible gaze. 1893 M. E. Mann In Summer Shade xxviii Bob..crashed over and fell in his blood at his murderer's feet. 1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood v She was prepared for some new development which must crash in on her ignorance. 1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 190 Seats had crashed over. †3. a. transitive. To strike (the teeth) together with noise; to gnash. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth) gnasta1300 crashc1440 grash1563 grind1573 gnash1590 grit1797 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth) grind1340 grunta1400 crashc1440 graislea1522 grate1555 jar1568 beat1597 champ1775 grit1797 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 100 Craschyn, as tethe, fremo, frondeo. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 I knowe a foole that wyll crasshe his tethe togyther. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vii. xlii. 125 He shakt his head and crasht his teeth for ire. 1646 F. Hawkins tr. Youths Behaviour (ed. 4) 2 Rub not thy teeth, nor crash them. †b. to crash with the teeth, in same sense. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth gristbitec900 grindc1000 gnasta1300 grinta1300 gnacche13.. chirka1387 grenta1425 grunt1426 gristc1460 gnash1496 to crash with the teeth1530 grash1563 granch1736 chark1825 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 500/2 I crasshe with my tethe togyther, je grinche. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 1464 He crasheth terribly with his teeth. †c. To crush with the teeth; to craunch v. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (transitive)] > crunch or with teeth crash1530 craunch1632 crunch1814 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > munch or crunch gruse?c1225 maungec1400 muncha1425 champ1530 crash1530 cham1531 chank1567 scranch1620 grouze1628 craunch1632 crump1647 denticate1799 crinch1808 crunch1814 scrunch1825 chomp1848 chump1854 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 Herke howe he crassheth these grystels bytwene his tethe. 1589 A. Fleming tr. Virgil Georgiks ii. 21 in A. Fleming tr. Virgil Bucoliks Swine haue also crashed and broken akorns. 1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket iv. 147 A Lyon shall crash their bones. 1622 Bp. J. Hall Serm. Thebalds 27 Some crashed in peeces by the teeth of Lions. 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) To Cranch, (scranch or crunch) between the Teeth; v. To Crash. [To Crash,..to break with the Teeth with a Noise, as in eating green Fruit]. †d. intransitive (for passive. To go to pieces noisily between the teeth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > give way under force or pressure [verb (intransitive)] > become crisp > go to pieces as crisp thing crash1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/1 I crasshe, as a thynge dothe that is cryspe or britell bytwene ones tethe, je crespe. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. K Betwene thy tethe, oftyme the coles crasshes. 4. To make the noise that a hard body does when dashed to pieces or smashed; to make a loud confused noise as of many hard bodies dashing and breaking together. †Formerly also, to make a crackling noise. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > crackle brastlec1000 rashetOE spranklea1387 sprinklea1398 graislea1522 crash1563 crackle?1570 crick-crackle1608 decrepitate1677 crump1789 happer1825 crumple1837 crickle1849 crick-crack1850 crepitate1853 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [verb (intransitive)] > of impact or concussion > crash, clash, or smash crush1398 clash?1518 swash1556 crash1563 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 67^v Tinn is..very porose..which causeth it to crashe, when it is broken or bitten. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 3 Crash do the rent tacklings [L. stridorque rudentum]. 1653 H. More Antidote Atheism (1662) 99 Something yet crash'd in his belly, as if there were a Bag of Glass in it. 1768 T. Gray Fatal Sisters in Poems 81 Pikes must shiver..Hauberk crash, and helmet ring. 1822 Ld. Byron Vision of Judgm. lix Here crash'd a sturdy oath of stout John Bull. 1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland Songs & Ballads 69 O'erhead the rolling thunders crash. 5. The verb stem is used adverbially, usually with the verb go: cf. bang v.¹ 8c, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [adverb] > crash, clash, or smash swash?1548 swashly1582 crash1762 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 50 Crash went half a dozen dragons upon the marble hearth stone. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. vi. 231 Crash with that The Image fell. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. vii. 122 Crash went the slight deal boards. 6. a. intransitive. Of an aircraft or its pilot: to fall or come down violently with the machine out of control. Also of a motor car, motor cycle, or train, or its occupant(s): to suffer damage in an accident. Also figurative of a business or its proprietor: to suffer financial ruin. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (intransitive)] > suffer financial ruin crash1912 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [verb (intransitive)] > suffer an accident crash1912 society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land > make crash landing pile1841 to come down1909 crash1912 crash-land1941 prang1943 1912 Manch. Courier 1 Sept. 3/1 The machine crashed down into the meadow. 1915 War Illustr. 6 Nov. 288/2 Cpl. Bennett disabled the German machine, which crashed to earth. a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 122 One of our machines had crashed about a mile away and..both occupants were dead. a1918 J. T. B. McCudden Five Years in R.F.C. (1919) 164 The Hun went down and crashed. 1919 P. Bewsher Green Balls 231 He's getting very low! My God! Did you hear that! He's crashed! 1923 Motor Cycling 26 Sept. 657/2 The first casualty was..one of the favourites, who crashed on Bray Hill, his machine catching fire. 1928 F. E. Baily Golden Vanity xv Secretaryships to magnates are so precarious. Moreover, if French crashed, who would give his ex-secretary a job? a1935 R. Loraine in W. Loraine Robert Loraine (1938) vi. 106 The machine leapt higher,..then—paff!—I came to earth, having stalled and crashed. 1970 Times 22 Oct. 4/6 A light aeroplane which crashed near a caravan site. 1971 Daily Tel. 8 Feb. 2/6 A car crashed into a bus stop queue in Aigburth Road, Liverpool, yesterday. b. transitive. To damage or destroy (an aircraft) in landing; to cause damage to (a vehicle) in an accident. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > land > crash-land pile1891 crash1915 to wash out1918 prang1941 1915 H. Rosher Let. 14 Mar. in In Royal Naval Air Service (1916) 69 Our aerodrome here is a beastly small one. I have had several narrow shaves already of running into things, and feel sure that before long I shall ‘crash’ something. 1919 A. E. Illingworth Fly Papers 26 ‘If you want a walking stick,’ I said, ‘crash a machine yourself—don't come pinching mine.’ 1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station i. 44 This machine was crashed as a result of a forced landing. 1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station ix. 136 The last-named officer crashed his machine on landing (owing to the bad condition of the ground). c. intransitive. Computing. To fail suddenly; to undergo a crash (crash n.¹ 6b). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [verb (intransitive)] > fail suddenly crash1973 1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 43/3 A computer can ‘crash’, or fail, for any number of reasons. Usually the cause can be traced either to the failure of an electronic component or to a flaw in the program. 1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 51/2 Normally I would put this down to faulty hardware, but the system did not crash under CP/M. 1981 Kilobaud Microcomputing June 103/2 Indiscriminate poking can cause the computer to crash, resulting in the loss of the program. 1983 Daily Tel. 30 Apr. 25/2 Many people, when they find that long programmes keep on crashing, feel the urge to stamp on the computer. 1985 Listener 25 Apr. 38/3 At any moment a change in voltage can wipe out what one has written before ‘saving to disk’ and, even when one has saved, a disk can ‘crash’. 7. colloquial. a. (originally U.S.). To break into (a place); to gain admission to (a place, party, etc.) without the proper credentials or an invitation; to gatecrash. Also transferred, to ‘break into’ or enter (a group, profession, etc.). So to crash the gate: to gatecrash. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner > without ticket or invitation to crash the gate1922 crash1929 gatecrash1931 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come into [verb (transitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner > without ticket or invitation crash1922 gatecrash1931 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > be guest [verb (intransitive)] > uninvited to crash the gate1922 crash1929 gatecrash1931 lig1960 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > [verb (transitive)] > enter as uninvited guest crash1922 gatecrash1931 1922 Dial. Notes 5 147 (Bryn Mawr College) We crashed the gate at a swell joint like some finale hoppers. 1924 G. C. Henderson Keys to Crookdom ii. 20 The grand larcenist..will burglarize a place quickly enough, but the petty thief is too timid as a rule to ‘crash a joint’. 1937 Rotarian Nov. 11/1 To ‘crash a party’. 1938 P. G. Wodehouse Code of Woosters vi. 106 Staring at me..as if I had been a ticket-of-leave man who had got in by crashing the gate. 1951 N.Y. Herald Tribune 12 Dec. 27/3 I'm glad to see [he]..crashed television successfully. 1953 R. Fuller Second Curtain v. 80 I hope you'll forgive me crashing your excellent party. 1958 Economist 11 Jan. 117/2 To crash a party—to come uninvited—was branded as inexcusable. b. intransitive. With in, into. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > in unwelcome or unwarranted manner > without ticket or invitation to crash the gate1922 crash1929 gatecrash1931 society > leisure > social event > hospitality > guest > be guest [verb (intransitive)] > uninvited to crash the gate1922 crash1929 gatecrash1931 lig1960 1929 P. Dunning & G. Abbott Broadway iii. 104 Some of Scar Edwards' playmates might try to crash in, looking for trouble. 1931 D. Runyon Guys & Dolls (1932) ii. 40 He hears rumours of the party, and just crashes in. 1942 O. Nash Face is Familiar 80 The prominent and respectable dignitary who..crashed into a thousand anthologies by remarking, There but for the grace of God go I. 1950 T. S. Eliot Cocktail Party iii. 147 She told me you were giving a party... So I said, I really must crash in. c. slang. To sleep, esp. for a single night or in an emergency. Cf. crash pad n. (b) at crash n.¹ Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > other specific conditions lulla1450 to lie in the woollen1600 to have or get one's sleep out1685 bundle1781 crash1969 1969 Win 1 Sept. 21/1 The two people who had come for help agreed to take these guys home with them, turn them on, feed them, give them a place to crash, love them a lot and keep them close to them all the next day. 1970 Guardian 31 Mar. 11/1 The homeless one was sure that someone would always offer him a place ‘to crash’. Draft additions December 2005 Medicine colloquial (chiefly North American). Of a patient: to suffer cardiac arrest; to deteriorate precipitously, with imminent circulatory and respiratory failure. ΚΠ 1983 Santa Barbara News-Press 18 Dec. 1 Courtney..had ‘crashed’. Five nurses and the doctor were bent over the baby, trying to restart her failing heart. 1990 Jrnl. Trauma 30 1548 Failure to do these may put a physician at legal risk..if the patient crashes after being discharged from the emergency department while still impaired by alcohol. 2004 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 15 July The second time she crashed, Dee was rushed in for a five-hour triple heart bypass operation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1549n.²1812v.?a1400
随便看	remelted remelting remelts remember remember my love to remember your courtesy rememberabilities rememberability rememberable rememberably remembered rememberer rememberers remembering remembers remembers me remembery remembrance remembrance banquet remembrance book remembrance ceremony remembrance day remembrance service remembrance sunday remembrance wreath

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Draft additions December 2005

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