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Germann.adj. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Germānus. Etymology: < classical Latin Germānus, used (as adjective and noun) as the designation of persons belonging to a group of related peoples inhabiting central and northern Europe, and speaking the dialects from which the ‘Germanic’ languages have developed, of uncertain and disputed origin (see note). Compare Anglo-Norman germain (adjective) (c1235), germaneis , germeins , germaniens (noun) German, inhabitant of German regions, the German language (all second half of the 13th cent.). Compare Almain adj. and Dutch adj.The name of the people. The classical Latin name Germānī (plural) for groups of people living around and east of the Rhine is first attested in the mid first cent. b.c. in the writings of Julius Caesar; the name is still referred to as recent by Tacitus in the following century. The name was apparently not used in any form by the Germanic peoples themselves (compare quot. 2010 at sense A. 1a) and may have been originally given either by one of the neighbouring Celtic-speaking peoples or by the Romans themselves. Strabo suggests a derivation < classical Latin germānus real, genuine (see germane adj.), but this cannot be substantiated from the usages of either word in other early sources. A number of attempts have been made since the 18th cent. to derive the name from Germanic or Celtic bases, but these are all problematic; compare the discussion by G. Neumann in J. Hoops's Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde (ed. 2, 1998) XI. 259–65. Old English Germanie Germans ( < classical Latin Germānia + Old English -e , inflectional ending of the i -stem declension usual for ethnonyms) occurs as an ethnonym (denoting members of the ancient Germanic peoples; compare sense A. 1a) in the Old English translation of Orosius Hist.:eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. xv. 132 Æfter þæm Germanie gesohton Agustus ungeniedde him to friþe.eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xxiv.145 Ærest Germanie [L. Germani] þe be Donua wæron forhergedon Italiam oþ Rafennan þa burg. The self-designation of the citizens of the modern country Germany (German Deutschland ) is deutsch , adjective (also used as noun, e.g. Deutscher (masculine), Deutsche (feminine) German citizen; compare Dutcher n.1). Compare Deutsch , the name of the language (see Dutch adj.). For the names of the other major German-speaking peoples see Swiss adj., Austrian adj.1 With sense A. 1 compare German Germane (a1442 as German ; now the usual word in this sense), Germanier (1520; now rare). In early modern texts deutsch can also be used to refer to the ancient Germanic peoples (compare e.g. quot. 1550). Compare Germanic adj.1 2. In German, the name of the ancient people is rarely used to refer to modern culture before the 18th cent., and becomes more prominent in the context of historical Romanticism. The name of Germany. Germany occurs as a place name in English contexts (denoting a succession of German-speaking political entities) from Old English onwards, in Old English as e.g. Germania (also in the compound Germanialand ), Germanie (sometimes difficult to distinguish from the ethnonym: see below), in Middle English as e.g. Germania , Germanie , Germaine , Germayne , Germane ; all ultimately < classical Latin Germānia < Germānus + -ia -ia suffix1. The concept of a Germanic state arose out of the Frankish kingdoms from the middle of the first millennium a.d. leading to the coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor in 800 (consciously in the tradition of ancient Rome). Charlemagne's Empire was subsequently divided (in several stages) into what was eventually to become France on the one hand (mostly French-speaking; compare French adj.) and the Holy Roman Empire on the other (mostly German-speaking in its core; compare Holy Roman Empire n.). The latter comprised a large number of largely independent states (kingdoms, duchies, etc.) under the formal jurisdiction of the emperor. After the formal dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Germany was used to refer to a large and varying number of its former member states collectively, although normally excluding Austria and other Habsburg possessions (see Austrian adj.1). From 1871 Germany normally refers to the German Empire and its successors (compare discussion at Reich n.). After 1945 Germany was divided into four zones, each occupied by one of the victorious allied powers (Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union); in 1949 it was re-formed as two states, the Federal Republic of Germany out of the British, United States, and French occupation zones, and the German Democratic Republic out of the Soviet occupation zone (also known respectively as West Germany and East Germany ), which were reunified in 1990 as the Federal Republic of Germany . Compare West German adj. 2 and East German adj. 1b. Although the German language is also spoken in Austria and Switzerland (and in some communities elsewhere), the place name Germany is not used to refer to Switzerland, and is used to refer to Austria only in the context of the Holy Roman Empire. Compare the following early examples of the name in English contexts:eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xi. 188 Swylce eac bi suðan sæ in Germania & eac somod þa dælas Hibernia Scotta ealondes se hlisa his [sc. St Oswald's] wundra bicwoom [L. Germaniae simul et Hiberniae partes attigit]. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 299 [Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious] made [his son] Lowys þe secounde regne in Germania [L. in Germania]. ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. xiii. 732 Þis londe [sc. Almania] hatte Germania also [L. Alemannia..etiam germania dicta est].1531 Bp. W. Barlow Dyaloge Lutheran Faccyons sig. O I holde it more conuenyent for relygyouse persons to were ye habytes by theyre fore fathers instytute, than to be arayed after the ruffyan inuencyon of many gospellers in Germany.The name is also used historically to refer to the territory occupied by Germanic peoples before the formation of the medieval and modern states; until the 16th cent. this is the most common use. Compare the following early examples:OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xii. 52 Comon hi of þrim folcum ðam strangestan Germanie [L. de tribus Germaniae populis fortioribus], þæt of Seaxum & of Angle & of Geatum.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2503 Þer come out of germaynie [?a1425 Digby germayne, c1425 Harl. germanie]..ssipes eiȝtetene. ▸ ?a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 2880 Cesar..Passyng the Alpies, rood thoruh Germanye. Compare Anglo-Norman Germenie , Germanie , Germaine , the name of ancient and sub-Roman Germania (early 13th cent. or earlier), also used as the name of medieval Germany (second half of the 13th cent. or earlier). Compare also German Germanien , the name of ancient and sub-Roman Germania (1517, now the only sense), formerly also used by extension as the name of medieval and modern Germany (16th cent. or earlier). The name of the modern country in German is Deutschland (see Dutchland n.). Specific sense developments. With sense A. 3b and German cotillion n. compare earlier allemande n. 1a, and Almain n. 2a. Form and pronunciation history. With the α. forms compare discussion at germane adj. The variant pronunciation /ˈdʒɑːmən/ (now only regional; compare the discussion at merchant n.) is sometimes reflected in spelling, especially in the 19th cent. (compare γ. forms). By the end of the 19th cent. this pronunciation had become rare in the standard language (compare quot. 1882 at sense B. 2). Compare also the surname Jarman (see below). Surname evidence. Perhaps attested earlier as a surname: John Jarman (1227), Johannes Germayne (1273), John Germyn (a1293), although these examples may alternatively be derived from a personal name based on the name of St Germanus (ultimately < the same classical Latin adjective). With use as a personal name compare Jerman filius Willelmi (1248). A. n. 1. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 31 (MED) Þe bataile þat he dede aȝenst the Germayns [L. Germanos], Sclaves, and Sarmates. 1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in (1905) 28 281 Why is not he redde with the worthiest, þat hath now vndirputte Vnto my power tho germaynes proude and frensh men [L. Germanos..Francosque]? 1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion iii. fol. lxxxviij Of the Germanes [Ger. von Deudschen]. In the tyme of Augustus were the Germanes first attempted of the Romanes [Ger. haben die Römer erstlich Deudschland angegriffen]. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden 23 They that nominated themselves after their owne language Teutsch, Numidians and Hellenes, by the Romanes were named Germans [L. Germani], Mauri and Grecians. 1691 J. Hartcliffe 121 Neither among the old Germans did any one bear Arms until he was honored with a Spear and Target in their State-Assemblys. 1776 E. Gibbon I. 222 The Germans, in the age of Tacitus, were unacquainted with the use of letters. 1855 Feb. 139/1 Pliny..represents the Germans as living upon oat groats. 1902 8 420 At first the universalism of Rome..conquered the individualism of the Germans. 1981 61 i. 146 Similarly the absence so far of Gallo-Roman finds from a site with a Germanic name does not prove that the settlement was founded by Germans in the Migration Period. 2010 K. Hinds i. 10 Few, if any, of these peoples would even have identified themselves as Germans. Instead they thought of themselves as members of their particular tribes, for example the Chauci, Anglii, and Gautae. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 287 (MED) Þe empere passede from þe Grees to þe Frenschemen and to þe Germans, þat beeþ Almayns [L. ad Francos et Germanos]. a1464 J. Capgrave (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 84 Þe þirde mad he kyng to þe Bauaris and þe Germanes. 1530 W. Tyndale sig. Fvj When the empyre was translated vnto the Germaynes..there was moch stryfe. ?1542 H. Brinkelow xviii. sig. E5 O noble Germanys, god hath made yow a lyght vnto all rulers in the world. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1622) ii. iii. 72 Your Dane, your Germaine, and your swag-bellied Hollander; drinke ho, are nothing to your English. View more context for this quotation 1723 in tr. A.-T. Limojon de Saint-Didier To Rdr. p. xiii The Germans speaking of Chymical Operations, and mentioning Fire, often mean Digestion, which is performed by Fire. 1781 E. Gibbon III. 245 The Germans were less corrupt than the Italians. 1816 in (1900) 59 629/1 I said she looked like a German, being fair and ruddy complexioned. 1855 J. L. Motley Hist. Introd. ii. 8 The truculent German..considered carnage the only useful occupation. 1903 31 July 5/6 She found a bashful young German standing on the step. 1918 A. Conan Doyle 224 ‘The Emperor Frederick of Germany.’ ‘A Jarman!’ cried Dimples, in horror. ‘Yes, a German’. 1958 P. Gibbs 114 Now in Berlin he did not meet a single German, man or woman, who did not condemn the Peace Terms as an intolerable mockery of justice. 1980 S. Thernstrom et al. 429/2 Germans from Russia and their descendants have retained a tendency to vote Republican. However, it is the Evangelical Germans who make up the Republican majority. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > one versed in German 1809 R. Southey Let. 31 Dec. in (1856) II. 183 I, who am no German, have heard enough read, and seen enough translated by his [sc. Klopstock's] admirers, to be convinced that he is full of buckram and bombast. 1861 Oct. 318 Not being a fluent German, and his French accent savouring more of the provinces than the Faubourg, his commissions were executed by Mr. Morris. 2. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy ii. f. 25 The old Testament hath bin translated out of Hebrew into Greek, and into Latin; the new Testament out of Greek into Latin; and consequently both Testaments into Syriack, Chaldaick, Egyptian, Persian, Indian, Armenian, Scythian, Sclauonian, German [Fr. Allemand], English, French, Italian, and into all languages vsed by men. 1607 E. Topsell 19 They haue seene a four-footed beast called in Latine Simivulpa, in Greek Alopecopithecos, & in German Fuchssaff. 1688 E. Stillingfleet iii. 52 These Homilies..were to be turned by the Bishops either into Rustick Roman, or German, as served best to the capacities of the People. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield 13 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) III. 1099 I am very willing that you should take a Saxon servant, who speaks nothing but German. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Satyrane's Lett. ii, in (1882) 249 See how natural the German comes from me, though I have not yet been six weeks in the country! 1841 M. Elphinstone I. iii. xi. 325 The two idioms are more nearly allied than English and German. 1897 C. D. Warner et al. XLIV. 15/2 Cellini's autobiography has been translated into German by Goethe. 1920 D. S. Owen in E. J. D. Larson iii. 60/2 The children were educated in German-taught schools and they talked German in their play on the streets. 1966 P. N. Furbank i. i. 9 Their mother, who doesn't understand German, is frightened and weeps. 2005 G. Dumelle viii. 133 (caption) This example of a burial register from a German Lutheran church is written in a mixture of German and English. 1723 tr. Antient War Knights Annot. 26 in tr. A.-T. Limojon de Saint-Didier The Latin Translator has in this Passage taken the German (for the word destroy) quite wrong. 1800 W. Whiter 163 Hammel is the German for a Sheep. 1838 Nov. 523 The very first page gives us Rechentisch as the German for Abacus. 1881 A. H. Japp 350 (note) The German is—‘Wer wehrt du, in den Armen des einem an die andern zu denken!’ 1914 23 274 ‘Natrium’..is not an English word, but is the German for Sodium. 1953 K. von Frisch 10 Protein in pure form, or albumen, occurs abundantly in the white of an egg (the German for albumen is ‘eiweiss’ or ‘egg-white’). 2005 17 Oct. 146/3 The artists call him Opa, the German for Grandpa. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield 13 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) III. 1099 A sure way of keeping up your German, after you leave Germany. 1801 21 Aug. 257/2 I believed indeed they had not understood me, as their German is not proper German, but they assured me to the contrary. 1830 Aug. 76 Adeline was surprised at hearing these words proceed from the lips of a French officer in fluent German. 1880 ‘P. Browne’ (1885) 345 If you enter into conversation with them, they are not at all desirous that you should improve your German upon them, they want to improve their English upon you. 1905 A. Henry xviii. 258 She was wringing her hands, weeping,..looking pitifully toward the judge and her daughter, murmuring in unintelligible German. a1950 R. L. Wilbur (1960) viii. 120 My German was a little halting, but I felt much more freedom to make a mistake with the clinic patients than I did with the professors. 1981 Ld. Harewood vi. 108 Marion..talked fluent German (or rather Viennese). 2007 L. Begley (2008) iv. 43 He had good German, itself still useful for classicists. 1774 98 A worthy Man, qualified to teach English and German, was not to be found among his People. 1800 W. Tooke II. xii. 470 For the education of boys, a man is usually sought out who can teach french and german, mathematics, geography, history, natural history, and natural philosophy. 1850 F. D. Maurice 51 (advt.) On the German Language, by A. Bernays, Ph. D. Professor of German in King's College, London. 1886 J. Ruskin I. x. 314 At that time it was thought very fine and poetical to study German. 1934 Feb. 48/2 Twenty institutions offered a four years' course in French; 8 a four years' course in German. 1967 H. L. Boorman & R. C. Howard I. 187/2 Chern also studied German and French under Tuan Mou-lan and learned enough to read mathematical works in those languages. 2009 A. Goodbody et al. p. x In 1972 he moved to Scotland to take up a post as Lecturer in German at the University of Dundee. 3. Elliptical uses of the adjective. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage 1847 A. Smith (1848) xli. 206 The scraps of bacon were signalized as ‘ripe Stilton’, and the eggs proclaimed themselves as ‘small Germans’ at a penny. 1864 C. Dickens (1865) I. ii. viii. 240 Circumstances..interpose obstacles between yourself and Small Germans. 1883 J. Greenwood 220 The sausage-eater may..continue to munch his ‘german’ with a relish. 1905 F. Vacher (ed. 4) xiv. 222 Such sausages are commonly made and cooked on the premises where they are sold, and those imported and sold as ‘small Germans’ are not above suspicion. society > leisure > dancing > ball or dance > [noun] society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > square, figure, or set dance > [noun] > specific dances 1853 Feb. 176/1 The supper over, the young people attended by their matrons descended to the dancing-room for the ‘German’. This is a dance commencing usually at midnight or a little after, and continuing indefinitely toward daybreak... A few young non-dancing husbands sat beneath gas unnaturally bright, reading whatever chance book was at hand, and thinking of the young child at home waiting for mamma who was dancing the ‘German’ below. 1863 A. D. T. Whitney xiii It was very agreeable..to dance the German with the nicest partner in the Monday class. 1881 W. D. Howells (1882) 153 In the German..there was a figure fantastically called the symphony. 1886 Jan. 7/1 Tuesday evening a German was given in the amusement room by Prof. Asher's dancing class. 1940 (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 204 Not to be invited to the Monday Germans..means not to be a debutante. 1985 B. Casey viii. 49/1 The german was replaced by new and more popular dances. 2003 P. W. Leon (2007) i. iii. 45 Nanny had to content herself with enjoying the cotillions, or Germans as they called them, at the homes of such friends as Hallie Patterson. society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > fuse 1883 W. S. Gresley German, a straw filled with gunpowder to act as a fuze in blasting operations. 1893 Rep. A. H. Stokes (C. 6986–xii) 11 in (Parl. Papers XX) V. 477 The deceased man was about to fire a shot in a roadway by means of a ‘german’, and he appears to have lighted the end of the german instead of the match. 1913 A. Greenwell & J. V. Elsden vii. 283 Germans or squibs are inserted into the borehole, or else an improvised fuse is made by filling a straw with gunpowder. 1960 G. G. Korson ix. 179 He would ream out each straw, leaving a thin, hollow tube. When filled with blasting powder this made a safe and economical fuse, and was called a ‘German’. 1891 20 Oct. 2/7 Eggs..There has been a rise of 6d. on second Italians..and 1s. on Germans. B. adj.the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > German 1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon f. 17 Amonge the laten songes be mixed here & there Germane songes [Ger. teutsch Gesänge], which be added to teach the people. 1565 T. Stapleton tr. F. Staphylus f. 77 George Gienger..hathe translated the Roman Breuiary in to the German tongue [L. Germanici sermonis] in so handsome and pure stile that the Psalter, the lessons and the ghospels be as pleasauntely to be reade in the German tongue [L. Germanicè] as they are in the Latin. 1602 R. Parsons ii. iv. f. 23 He [sc. Luther] concludeth with these German words Got helf myr, Amen. 1671 in M. Wood (1950) X. 96 Mr. John Alexander Polonian craveing libertie to sett up ane schooll for learning the German and Polonian tongues. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield 1 July (1932) (modernized text) III. 1176 I desire that you will not fail to write a German letter, in the German character, once every fortnight, to Mr. Grevenkop. 1755 S. Johnson Pref. Of words undoubtedly Teutonick the original is not always to be found in any ancient language, and I have therefore inserted Dutch or German substitutes. 1817 J. Sinclair (1831) II. 324 I received several communications from him, chiefly written in the German language. 1842 G. H. C. Egestorff 3 Many an English student despairs of ever acquiring a knowledge of German Syntax. 1888 H. A. Strong tr. H. Paul xii. 260 This is the origin of the German possessive pronoun ihr. 1931 Feb. 213/2 ‘I think I'll bid you good morning! 'Pon my word, I do. Out! Raus’! The only German word that Grandma knew proved ever effective. 1969 W. G. Runciman (ed. 2) vii. 137 Stände is the standard German term for ‘estates’ in the sense of ‘estates of the realm’. 2009 T. Berg v. 189 It has often been noted but rarely been demonstrated that German word order is more variable than English word order. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] 1548 f. xxxvi This people had suche displeasure at the vnhonest fashions of the Germain women, that they made a law that the Females shuld not succede to any inheritance within that land. 1552 R. Huloet German or of germanye, Germanus. 1581 R. Mulcaster xxxviii. 168 The Germaine or French gentlewymen. 1606 Let. ?Aug. (Lansdowne 241) f. 86v, in J. Sanderson (1931) 231 I thinke it, being a Jarman doctors wourke.., will in some matters delight and instruct. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. v. 65 They..set spurres, and away; like three Germane-diuels; three Doctor Faustasses. View more context for this quotation 1618 7 The German Fencer cudgell'd most of our English Fencers now about a moneth past. 1658 Sir T. Browne ii. 26 That burning the dead was..the old Germane practise, is also asserted by Tacitus. 1676 J. Cooke (ed. 3) 445 [Some instruments are] Of Horn, as Cups used at Germain-Baths. 1705 tr. W. Bosman xi. 190 They are as Impertinent and Noisie as the..German Jews at their Synagogue at Amsterdam. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xxiii, in 18 Then bowses drumlie German-water, To mak himsel look fair and fatter. 1816 M. Keating (1817) II. 143 Fitted up with German stoves, the only powers of heat sufficient for..this climate. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke (ed. 2) I. 11 It would be impossible to speak of a German nation, in the proper sense of the word, during the preceding ages. 1882 E. A. Freeman in 1 94 ‘German’, which people used to sound ‘Jarman’—as in the memorable story of the Oxford University preacher who wished the ‘Jarman theology’ at the bottom of the ‘Jarman Ocean’. 1917 A. G. Empey iv. 31 Every now and then a German star shell would pierce the blackness out in front with its silvery light. 1971 J. Kerr ix. 73 Why couldn't she and Max and the Zwirns and the German children all play together? 2001 6 Nov. 15/2 The grey wolf, the personification of evil in German fairy tales, has returned to the country for the first time in more than 150 years. 3. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > like 1652 No. 73. 570 The truth of this Relation is attested by Gen. Blake, Maj. Brown, and others in the action,..which was certainly upon a feigned quarrel, after the German fashion, to have a pretext to make a quarrel. 1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux II. 310 Mr. Calver, who had treated us with an anxiety and respect, more German than American [Fr. plus allemand qu'américain],..led us to see the saw-mill. 1789 J. Pinkerton I. ii. i. 25 Strabo shews the Belgic manners to have been quite German; and says risibly, that the Germans were so called by the Romans, as being Germani, or brothers German of the Belgic Gauls. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed iii, in I. 58 They are..a mixed breed, having much of your German sullenness. 1861 M. Pattison in Apr. 415 Peace and order were maintained by police regulations of German minuteness and strictness. 1885 E. M. Hertslet Let. 20 Dec. in (1886) 129 The dancing was very German, exactly in the style of the Germans we met at the Maderaner Thal. 1914 E. von Arnim xi. 123 From windows he..beheld her being courted with what seemed a terrible German thoroughness in places like the middle of the lawn. 1968 E. J. Kahn viii. 176 Swakopmund is so German that if one asks a question there in English or Afrikaans, the answer is likely to come in German. 2009 N. L. Helget xvii. 116 New Germany became a place where cultures combined and held tight to the things its pioneers had in common: German stoicism, German neatness, and German loyalty. 1864 Earl of Malmesbury II. 318 As Lord Bath was there and is very German, of course Lord Derby did not feel himself on safe ground. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. a. (a) Complementary. 1813 Sept. 294 Mr. Newport, this will not do; nor will the German-looking word schevelled, in the first stanza, be accepted as current for the English dishevelled. 1914 Jan. 235/2 A suspiciously German-looking tankard dated 1701, which purports to be the earliest dated piece of Staffordshire salt-glaze. 2010 (Nexis) 21 Dec. 3 Some German-looking people spoke with standard German accents and others with an Italian accent. 1851 15 Mar. 128 A small orchestra played an overture, some very German-sounding music. 1953 68 503 The senseless persecution of countless citizens whose German-sounding names suggested guilt by association. 2011 (Nexis) 30 Apr. George V, who during the First World War, changed the family name to the less German-sounding Windsor. (b) With participial adjectives. 1947 1 Mar. 7/3 (heading) German-based GIs back home today. 2010 Apr. 65/1 The technical facilities were provided by the German-based programme network company..via a satellite uplink from Usingen. 1750 21 Consigning the privileges to the German-born brethren. 1884 Jan. 375/1 Our captain, who was German-born, spoke English and Plattdeutsch besides his native tongue. 1965 Malcolm X (1968) xv. 373 But how many German-born naturalized Americans were herded behind barbed wire? 2007 (Nexis) 13 Nov. 3 The German-born pontiff will make his first visit to the Big Apple next April as leader of the Catholic Church. 1796 4 June 2/2 A black Gelding, about 15 Hands and a Half high, German bred. 1857 C. Hursthouse II. xiii. 414 Such sheep..must always be in request by our colonists, and have the preference over the German-bred animals. 1946 5 47 Kurpinski, this German-bred Silesian had risen to the post of chief purveyor of flamboyantly slavophile opera. 2011 (Nexis) 1 Feb. 17 Only nine German-breds have run but they include a winner, two seconds and a third. 1750 5 A gallant Sailor ev'ry Inch, High up the Gulph unlading his rich Freight, In the P——a, German built, a fine First-rate. 1761 C. Hervey 31 Oct. (1785) III. xlv. 497 Some country people were forced to work a long time with pick-axes and shovels, before they could make a way for the German built coach I then had. 1819 1 Nov. 293/2 Some German-built carriages have recently found their way into this country, having been employed with the utmost success by travellers on roads otherwise almost impassable. 1897 7 Dec. 5/3 This German-built, German-owned steamer has easily eclipsed all previous performances. 1960 1 Aug. 83/1 The Finale, a German-built juke box, is being imported into Holland with growing success. 2009 H. P. Willmott I. 4 The Nea Genea, 750-ton displacement, was German-built and had arrived on station at the start of hostilities. 1884 G. L. Gomme Index 344/1 American language, German derived words in. 1965 17 74/2 German-derived suffixes and prefixes are attached indiscriminately to English roots. 2008 (Nexis) 3 Oct. Oktoberfest—the German-derived beer bash. 1870 J. Eckardt 387 The law..can consequently never be declared and interpreted by other than German, or German-educated, judges and jurists. 1958 32 416/2 Easily the most arresting is Persian-born, German-educated Cyrus Atabay, winner of the 1957 Hugh-Jacobi Prize. 2011 (Nexis) 8 July Seasoned, German-educated executive from respected German car company. 1862 T. A. Trollope I. i. 7 A dozen or so of the long, slender, black cigars made of German-grown tobacco. 1928 22 149 The trichinosis was caused by German-grown pork. 2011 (Nexis) 15 June a10 The outbreak..has killed 37 people and made more than 3,000 sick and has been linked to German-grown sprouts. 1908 Minutes Evid. App. 4th Rep. Vice-regal Commission Irish Railways 128/1 in Cd. 4265 XLVIII. 545 We know that on the Continent, especially in Germany and German-influenced countries, the whole tendency is to get the stuff into full truck-loads. 2001 76 218 The blame for this state of affairs is directed not so much to Anglicists as to French departments and to German-influenced Romance philologists generally. 1864 14 May 6 The Danish Plenipotentiaries in London receiving orders to accept the German inspired terms of the armistice. 1918 Mar. 341 The German-inspired Holy Alliance. 2010 (Nexis) 25 June 9 A German-inspired initiative in which euro-zone and other countries seek to improve their competitiveness. 1823 8 Feb. The dinner and desert service will be sold positively without reserve, 10 German made reels and spinning wheels, such as are used by the ladies of that country. 1851 H. Mayhew I. 361/1 The tools..are sometimes displayed on a small barrow, sometimes on a stall, and are mostly German-made. 1896 25 Sept. 3/1 German manufacturers, who..‘improve the occasion to offer other German-made wares’. 1966 (Consumers' Assoc.) 71 Earth is always green or green/yellow except in German-made appliances where earth is red. 2007 M. Hogben 108/1 This collapsible trolley is German-made, and originates from around 1955. 1870 1 Dec. The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, Governor of the German occupied French provinces other than those of Alsace and Lorraine, has issued an order. 1940 W. S. Churchill (1941) 169 In German-occupied Poland the most hideous form of terrorism prevails. 2009 Y. Arad 534 News of events in the German-occupied countries in Europe, especially the German-occupied territories of Poland, reached the Soviet authorities from various sources. 1876 J. D. Gay vii. 101 German-produced ‘likenesses’ of the English Royal family complete the collection. 1949 33 418 German-produced films had been impounded at the beginning of the occupation. 2011 (Nexis) 10 Feb. 23 A gentle tickle on the accelerator in your snakeskin slippers leaves most of the German-produced riff raff in your stately wake. 1871 4 Mar. 347/1 The steam-tug Gauntlet..was employed..to tow a prize vessel which had been captured by a French cruiser, and which was German-owned. 1946 5 209 The first concern was to locate and remove looted objects and to leave the German-owned objects for later check. 2004 14 June 150/3 Also take as read the German-owned island, the existential misery of our Tongan waiters, the enforced ‘native entertainments’ on a Sunday evening. 1863 G. Malcolm tr. G. Freytag I. vi. 313 Even the German trained daughter of a well-educated citizen family was generally deficient both in style and correctness of writing. 1938 9 476/1 The intellectualistic and impersonalistic programs set up by President Eliot and his German-trained associates. 2008 7 July 87/2 A German-trained musician who operates with a kind of bulldozer charm. b. In the names of things of actual or attributed German origin. See also German silver n.society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > company of instrumentalists > [noun] > band > type of 1819 (ed. 2) I. 79 A Turkish band in appropriate costume,—a German band for waltzes only, in the military Hussar uniform,—a French band for quadrilles, clad in dark green and silver. 1851 J. D. Lewis 100 Immediately after dinner, an excellent German band, of a dozen performers, plays for a couple of hours. 1898 H. G. Hutchinson 25 The German bands of our Margates and our Ramsgates. 1903 R. Hunting et al. (song) Hear the little German Band. La la la la la la la. 1985 A. Blair xviii. 147 Some with a little money put by took a..cruise from the Broomielaw, listened to the German band on the paddle-steamer and saw the villages beading the edges of the Firth of Clyde. 2009 J. C. Heinen & S. B. Heinen v. 80 Wilhelm Schmidt and his partner purchased a 22-acre site at Belmont and Western Avenues in 1903...There, they opened a beer garden featuring German bands. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > antidote > [noun] > concretion found in animal intestines 1663 G. Harvey II. ii. ii. 226 The German Bezoar stones are taken out of the Bellies of some Does that haunt the Alpes. 1751 J. Hill ii. 859 The German Bezoar is a Substance so far indeed of the Nature of the other Bezoars, that it is found in the Stomach of an Animal. 1774 O. Goldsmith III. 69 The concretion sometimes found in the stomach of this animal [sc. the chamois], called the German bezoar. 1816 (ed. 2) III. 611/1 The German bezoar..is said to be found in the stomachs of some cows..; but more frequently in that of the chamois, a sort of rupicapra, or wild goat. 1893 27 Jan. 51/1 The chamois yields what is known as German Bezoar, and another similar stone is found in the llamas of Peru. 1951 32 152 Lastly, the German bezoars are essentially interlaced vegetable or animal hairs..with a leathery coating. society > occupation and work > equipment > piercing or boring tools > [noun] > boring tool > other boring tools 1875 E. H. Knight II. 964/1 German-bit, a wood-boring tool adapted to be used in a brace. 1906 F. H. Seldon iii. 142 The German bit is also a good bit for boring small holes. 1916 Jan. 20/2 You will need a claw hammer, clinch iron, rip saw,..No. 1, No. 4 and No. 6 German bits. 1839 A. Ure 818 The German chests are rectangular, being about 3 yards long, half a yard broad, with edges half a yard high. 1877 H. Watts V. 799 The ore is washed..in the German chest. the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > other types of clock 1598 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 185 A woman that is like a Iermane Cloake [sc. clock], Still a repairing: euer out of frame. 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. ii, in I. 570 She takes her selfe asunder still when she goes to bed,..and about next day noone is put together againe, like a great Germane clocke . View more context for this quotation a1643 W. Cartwright (1651) i. v. 17 Let us try To win that old Eremit thing, that, like An Image in a German clock, doth move, Not walke. 1795 I. v. 53 The same pitiful trifles constantly returned, like the exact repetition of the movements in an old German clock. 1885 XIX. 72/1 In Frederici's upright grand action..the movement is practically identical with the hammer action of a German clock. 1919 E. T. Raymond (1920) 262 After the fashion of those old German clocks where the little man comes out to-day and the little woman to-morrow. 2008 B. K. Frieder v. 170 Tormented by gout and tinkering with his collection of German clocks. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Dictyoptera > member of genus Blatta (cockroach) > blattella germanica (steam fly) 1846 II. 312/1 Die deutsche [Schabe], the German cockroach. 1875 Jan. 198 Ectobia Germanica, the German cockroach, is much smaller than the other two, being not more than half the size, and much lighter colored. 1925 (U.S. Public Health Service) 40 1808 Of the four domestic species of roaches the most important as regards ship infestation is the croton bug, or German cockroach (Blatella germanica). 2005 22 Feb. d3/5 The German cockroach's little secret is out. Scientists have identified the chemical attractant that females produce to get mates. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > collie > other types of 1874 10 Jan. 1/3 (advt.) Lost, from Globe Stables, one Spotted German Collie Dog. 1901 20 Mar. 119/1 Having a pure bred sable collie slut just emerging from puppyhood, and also an old German collie whom I was loth to destroy or give away, I determined to castrate the latter. 1958 VIII. 101/1 One of the most popular theories concerning the origin of the German collies is that they are the remnants of a breed of dogs called the blue merle collies which were imported from Scotland in the first half of the nineteenth century. 2004 (Nexis) 6 Feb. 4 For nearly 20 years, the fraidy-cat German-collie was the ambassador of good will for the island marina. society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances 1786 24–26 Jan. The Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel conforms exactly to the views and intentions of his father and predecessor, and has acceded to the German Confederation. 1815 2 Sept. 23/2 The sovereign princes and free cities of Germany, including..the emperor of Austria and the kings of Prussia, Denmark, and the Netherlands..unite themselves into a perpetual league, which shall be called the German confederation. 1910 I. 765/1 In 1864 Altona was occupied in the name of the German Confederation. 2009 V. G. Liulevicius iii. 68 The Congress of Vienna saw the establishment of the German Confederation (Deutscher Bund), which became a loose association eventually numbering thirty-nine German states. society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > match, spill, or taper for lighting > specifically ignited by friction 1851 H. Mayhew I. 432/1 The ‘German Congreves’ were soon after introduced. 1927 Jan. p. xxxii/2 If our present coins were as well designed as are the labels of some of these early German ‘Congreve’ match-boxes, money would be even a pleasanter thing to collect. society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > square, figure, or set dance > [noun] > specific dances 1831 17 Mar. 293/2 Such love, and such lovers..are now as much out of place as would be..a man-at-arms of the fourteenth century dancing the German cotillion. 1860 J. L. Motley (1868) I. ii. 36 If I am ever caught dancing the German cotillon. 1898 T. C. De Leon vii. 108 Our amateur comedy will wind up with a German cotillion! 1972 J. T. Maher in A. Wilder p. xxv As different in kind..as the German cotillion, which was introduced to the enthusiastic Second Empire nobility at the Tuileries in the late 1860's, was different from the cakewalk. 2009 M. Engelhardt Introd. 18 The German cotillion was..part of the disciplinary apparatus used to fulfill the expectations of the dance participants who wanted something romping to conclude the evening events. society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > jacks 1670 J. Evelyn (ed. 2) iii. 22 That small Engine, which by some is cal'd the German-devil, reform'd, after this manner, and duely applied, might be very expedient for this purpose [sc. the extirpation of roots]. 1683 E. Chamberlayne (new ed.) iii. 100 For the grubbing up of Stumps of Oak, there is an Engine call'd the German Devil. 1822 J. C. Loudon iii. 335/1 The Hydrostatic Press..may be applied to the same purpose as the German Devil, with incomparably greater effect. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > other meat dishes 1785 F. Grose German duck, half a sheep's head boiled with onions. 1874 (rev. ed.) 175 German Duck, a sheep's-head stewed with onions; a favourite dish among the German sugar-bakers in the East-end of London. 1890 Feb. 162/2 A perfectly square dish with straight sides..would do, for the display of those ‘bags of mystery’, called ‘German ducks’. 1996 (Nexis) 18 Mar. 14 Of course, English speakers are not above bashing the foreigner. Londoners once referred to sheep's head boiled with onions as German duck... And today British visitors to Spain may suffer from Spanish tummy.] society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > the Holy Roman or German Empire 1550 W. Lynne in tr. J. Carion sig. *.viii This Germaine empire shal decay & faile. 1603 R. Parsons 1st Pt. Treat. Conuersions in I. ii. 391 Partly by malice and emulation of them, that favoured the German Empire against the Pope. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) King of the Romans, in our Age, is a Prince elected, and design'd Successor to the German Empire. 1826 C. Butler 34 We have thus brought down our historical deduction of the German Empire to the accession of the Emperor Charles. 1880 June 39/1 From the parallel of the city of Leipsic on the east to the vine-clad valley of the Rhine on the west may be said to lie the most weird, picturesque, and romantic region of the great German Empire. 1949 J. S. Schapiro p. viii The semiautocratic German Empire established by Bismarck prepared the Germans to accept the Nazi dictatorship of Hitler. 2004 16 Apr. 20/1 The attempt by Bismarck and the Prussia of the new German Empire after 1871 to bring the Roman Catholic Church under state control. society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > specific movement or period 1920 25 June 88/3 Under this title Franz Marc, the late leader of German expressionism, published a collection of modern poetry and drawings, and Kandinsky was his particular favorite. 1935 June 521/1 He renounced tonal harmony and underwent the influence of German expressionism. 2006 15 June 103/1 It would take a master of German Expressionism, G. W. Pabst, to make her into a legend, directing Brooksie in her most iconic role. society > leisure > the arts > artist > [noun] > artist of specific movement or period 1920 1 Sept. 605/2 I have also seen figures and heads executed in wood, soap-stone, marble, and other materials that are quite as startling in their conception as anything turned out by Epstein, Mestrovic, or even the more advanced work still of the German ‘expressionist’ Oswald Herzog. 1921 K. Macgowan viii. 119 Only two examples of German expressionist staging have established themselves firmly enough for export, and these through the motion picture. 1955 29 197/2 This Hamburg dissertation offers a meticulous and suggestive examination of the nature and function of poetic imagery in three central poets of the German Expressionist movement. 2003 7 Nov. 35/2 Then there is Billy Wilder the modernist, who jokes about how terrified Hollywood was lest he turn out to be a German Expressionist. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > flute > transverse flutes 1718 7 Aug. (advt.) J.G. Schickhard: Solos for a German flute a hoboy or violin, with a thorough bass for the harpsicord or bass violin. 1724 C. Morris 22 May (1934) 108 Mr Broad got Mr Grano to Entertain me with his Trumpet, German-Flute, & Small Flute. 1754 Earl of Chesterfield in No. 101 (end) Upon the same shelf with their German flute, their powder-mask and their four-horse-whip. 1781 27 Oct. Two German Flutes with silver keys, & hooped with ivory, one of a dark brown, the other a pale yellow colour. 1854 D. Robertson (new ed.) 81 Legs liker twa German flutes than the limbs o' a human being. 1913 F. O'Neill xxvii. 412 Denis Maloney was the most distinguished performer on the German flute in a family noted for its fluters. 1960 A. D. Pierce vi. 152 There were at Nomini Hall a harpsichord, a pianoforte,..German flutes, and ‘at Williamsburg..a good Organ’. 2010 L. Marshall ix. 131 Just as long as you don't take up the bloody German Flute, you shall practise in my cabin. society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] 1815 C. T. von Uklanski vii. 90 If you place a piece of German fungus into it,..the caloric with which the air is impregnated will condense to such a degree as to kindle the tinder at the top of the box. 1832 D. Brewster xiii. 320 The heat of the wire is always sufficient to kindle a piece of German fungus. 1853 J. Wightman 163 In the bottom of the piston is a cavity to hold a small piece of spunk, or German fungus, or common dry tinder. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > string-tone stops 1853 10 Sept. 576/2 Among the varied qualities of tone on the great organ clavier we have an exquisite specimen of the German gamba.] 1860 21 July 134/2 Among the finest stops is the ‘German Gamba’, which is a fine specimen of this most beautiful and effective stop. 1921 G. A. Audsley 42 The name [sc. bell gamba] was used to distinguish the stop from the ordinary German Gamba, which has pipes of plain cylindrical form. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > gilding > gold leaf or plate > imitation 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. II. ii. xi. 337/1 They grind this Brass over and over again, 'till it becomes an impalpable Powder, which they sell under the Name of German Gold in Powder. 1808 IV. 142/2 The German gold powder, prepared from the Dutch gold leaf in the same manner, is generally used; and when it is well scoured with varnish, answers the end in japanners gilding as well as the genuine. 1826 12 Aug. 256/2 Have next some powder of German gold in a shell, and in another some varnish... For saving expense, you may, instead of the German gold, take some fine bronze, which is considerably cheaper. 1861 D. Young 85 Dutch or German Gold. A gilding powder is sometimes made from Dutch gold, which is sold in books at a very low price. This is treated in the same way as the real gold leaf in making the true gold powder. 1914 2 Nov. 767 Now there are not half a dozen gold-beaters to be found between John-o'-Groats and Land's End. ‘What is to be done without German gold?’ began to whimper these sturdy patriots. 1974 J. Needham V. ii. 223 Other alloys..would have been possible for the medieval Chinese alchemists... Also..possible would have been the ‘German’ gold which uses about 5% antimony. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > ornamental textiles > ornamental trimmings > [noun] > bordering or edging 1838 i. i. 3 German hemming..is a neat substitute for sewing, where it is desirable that the seam should be very flat. 1893 E. Rosevear 280 The shoulders must be joined by either Sew-and-fell, Counter-hem, or German hemming. 1901 F. Patton x. 55 (heading) German hemming. society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > sharpening > whetstone 1817 2 Apr. The subscriber has in store, a small invoice of German hones, of fine quality, for penknives or razors. 1822 D. Varley viii. 136 The specimens..are whet-slate, which is known in commerce by the name of Turkey hone, and German hone. 1852 Notices & Abstr. 13 The difficulty was obviated by employing a bed of German hones, by which the silver is probably rather filed than ground. 1915 G. F. Charnock (1921) i. xviii. 204 German Hone consists of a thin ‘rubber’ of very soft yellow-green stone cemented upon a thin layer of somewhat harder stone of a dark blue colour. 1921 A. M. Sutton (ed. 3) App. iv. 261 I would advocate the possession of two German hones,..one to be a fast-cutting stone for the rubbing down of badly-notched or exceptionally rough razors, the other of a medium grain for the ordinary razor that requires setting. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > other 1903 Aug. 36/1 The center is surrounded by a single row of what is called ‘German Knot Stitch’. 1950 G. W. Fry 32 The seaweed in the border of the cloth..is outlined with knot stitch... Also called German knot stitch, is worked in three simple movements to a stitch, producing a bold upstanding line of knots. 2005 M. Baueur 49 Coral stitch..is also known as beaded stitch, German knot stitch, knotted stitch and snail trail. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > wrapping-papers 1712 Act 10 Anne c. 18 in (1822) IX. 603 For and upon all Paper usually called or knowne by the Name of German Lombard which shall be imported or brought in..One Shilling for every Reame. 1789 at Paper Lombard, viz German Lombard, the ream. 1908 28 Aug. 17/2 Genoa was the chief paper shipping port in the latter country, its name being prefixed to eight sorts then in use in Great Britain. There was also a hybrid make known as ‘German Lombard’. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Cricetidae > genus Cricetus (hamster) 1771 T. Pennant 278 Circassian..M[armot] with ears like those of mice:..size of the German marmot. 1871 O. von Corvin I. 90 In autumn we hunted for German marmots, which we killed with heavy thorn sticks. 1905 Oct. 672c/1 He..finally came back from the city swinging in triumph, like a trophy, a dead mole and a dead German marmot. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > German measles 1856 12 July 57/2 With regard to the name, ‘German measles’—its usual trite designation here—seems unexceptionable for common use. 1909 C. B. Ker ii. 21 It would be simpler if every one referred to measles as ‘morbilli’ and to German Measles as ‘rubella’, and if the term rubeola were allowed to drop. 1979 28 Apr. 2 The baby was aborted at a Barnsley hospital..after it was discovered her 20-year-old mother had been infected with German measles. 2001 27 Aug. ii. 9/2 Dr. Meyer and Dr. Paul Parkman worked five years to develop a vaccine for German measles, or rubella. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > mile > equivalent in non-English countries 1550 W. Lynne in tr. J. Carion f. cclxxvij It rayned corne out of the element by the space of two houres, which rayne stretched in lenght .vi. Germayn myles, and in breedth halfe a Germayne myle in some places. 1594 T. Blundeville ii. f. 51 4. Italian miles doe make but one Germaine mile. 1793 C. Lindsay I. 70 Allow a German mile to be two thousand Rhineland rods in length; the square of that mile contains four millions. 1878 P. Lorimer tr. G. V. Lechler II. 340 The small town of Nimburg, which lies about ten German miles north-east of Prague. 1999 W. S. Brockington in 399 Monro also cites sea distances as German miles, but the sea distances listed are probably leagues, which would be about three miles. the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > North Sea 1573 T. Twyne tr. H. Llwyd f. 49 Beyonde Scotlande, in the Germane Oceane [L. in Oceano Germanico]: are the Ilandes called Orchades, wherof the biggest is called Pomonia. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Essex 317 Essex hath..the German Ocean on the East. 1728 E. Chambers Teutonic, something belonging to the Teutones, an ancient People of Germany, inhabiting chiefly along the Coasts of the German Ocean. 1814 W. Scott 9 Aug. As the Atlantic and German Oceans unite at this point, a frightful tide runs here. 1879 T. H. S. Escott I. 53 We at last reach the point where it discharges itself into the German Ocean. 1998 M. Hulse tr. W. G. Sebald iv. 78 As I sat there that evening in Southwold overlooking the German Ocean, I sensed quite clearly the earth's slow turning into the dark. 1808 Jan. 556/1 When in a state of freedom, live food, such as flies, worms, &c. constitute their principal food, from which, perhaps, they are too suddenly withdrawn, to be fed on some such trash as is usually denominated ‘German paste’. 1858 P. L. Simmonds German-paste, a food sold for..cage birds..made of pea-meal, hemp-seed, maw-seed, lard, and honey or treacle. 1902 2 Dec. 351 It was very tame and lively, and came readily to be fed by hand. It was fed upon boiled rice, boiled potatoes,..and German paste, also on bananas, grapes, pears, and nuts. 2002 (Nexis) 19 Oct. 42 Another way to feed birds is to wire a small container to a tree and place in it ‘German paste’. 1826 29 July Lime..after a time, returns to a state of unburnt lime... These evils may be avoided by the German process. 1881 9 137 German process, in copper smelting, the process of reduction in a shaft-furnace, after roasting, if necessary. 1902 V. 256/2 The blast-furnace or German process, consists in roasting the ores in special appliances, followed by smelting the roasted material with coke or charcoal in blast-furnaces. 1997 D. C. Blackley (ed. 2) II. x. 269 The German process for the concentration of synthetic latices based upon the Stockpunkt phenomenon. 1948 2 Aug. 4/5 German re-unification in a centralized national state must be prevented in order to achieve European unification. 1967 6 July 20/2 For him [sc. Dr. Adenauer] German reunification was a necessary pre-condition of détente. 1993 19 Aug. 1/1 Two years ago, following German reunification, Berlin narrowly outpolled Bonn in a Bundestag vote on where the German government should plant itself for good. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > sarsaparilla and other medicinal smilax plants 1821 H. M. Williams tr. A. von Humboldt V. viii. xxiii. 380 The carex arenaria, the c. hirta, &c. furnish the German sarsaparilla of druggists. 1905 H. W. Felter & J. U. Lloyd (ed. 19) II. 1730 Carex Arenaria, Linné, German sarsaparilla, Sand sedge.—Europe. The long, creeping rhizome of this plant was at one time used like sarsaparilla for its effect in syphilis, rheumatism, gout, lung and skin diseases. 2000 D. W. Sifton 372/2 German sarsaparilla is often used to treat colds, fevers, urinary tract infections, and rheumatism, although there is no proof that it's effective. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage 1773 C. Mason 339 (heading) German sausages. 1790 (ed. 2) v. 134 The ingredients [of the pottage] are a green goard sliced, rosemary, wild lettuce, one-quarter pound anchovies, rice, with other herbs of various kinds, a German sausage. 1839 C. Sinclair xv. 334 Perigord pies, German sausages, cold fowls, pastry, and fruit. 1849 C. Dickens (1850) vii. 66 Poor Traddles! In a tight sky-blue suit that made his arms and legs like German sausages. 1919 G. F. Trayes ix. 144 The pigeons must have gone the way of all flesh by this time, and perhaps the dachshunds had too—in the form of German sausages! 1966 M. Holloway (ed. 2) xii. 220 Besides canning fruit and exporting Westphalian-type smoked hams and German sausages all over the States, they keep large herds of Shropshire sheep. 2009 M. Kearney & R. Ray ii. 37 With his hand in a bandage, [J. M.] Schneider, his wife, and his mother began grinding up meat and creating German sausages in their kitchen as a way of earning extra money. the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > North Sea 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. v. 5/2 in R. Holinshed I Waxing more fertile on that part whiche stretcheth toward ye Germaine sea, it yeeldeth it self to culture, & rendreth some grayne. 1635 J. von Langeren in f. 29 Northfolke... Germain sea. N[orth]. 1798 A. Thomson xv. 153 The Rhine, that noble river which rises in the country of the Grisons, in Switzerland, and running northward, and towards the west, discharges itself by different channels into the German sea. 1870 Duke of Argyll i. 14 The story..that a British chief invited the Saxon stranger from across the German Sea. 1930 J. J. Williams v. 122 The first route supposedly led across the Dardanelles, and followed the Black Forest all the way to the German Sea, and then across to England. 2011 G. Cadonau in W. Palz ix. 242 The failed attempt of Shell to dump an old oil platform in the German Sea in 1995. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > German shepherd 1859 J. H. Walsh 121 (heading) The German Sheep-Dog is a small-sized dog, with bushy tail carried over the back. 1922 R. Leighton 119 The dogs lately introduced into Great Britain as the Alsatian Wolfdog and into the United States as the German sheepdog. 1957 25 July 6/2 The dogs, an Alsatian and a German sheep dog, were ‘useful in an emergency’. 2010 B. Sawers 146 Jack always arrived the day before shearing started..accompanied by his German sheep dog. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > other types of glass 1777 21 May 243/1 A duty of 7s. per cwt. on all materials or metal used in making spread glass, 14s. ditto for all materials, &c. used in making all other sort of window glass, and on German sheet glass. 1808 J. Phillips et al. (ed. 12) 198 Bent glass, plate glass, German sheet, moulded, waved, ground, or jealous glass, to be specially agreed for. 1823 P. Nicholson 421 German Sheet is another species of glass much esteemed. 1917 (U.S. Dept. Commerce) 401/1 Window and German sheet. 1954 T. C. Barker & J. R. Harris ii. xvi. 213 In 1832 the Smethwick firm of Chance and Hartley brought glassmakers from the continent to blow cylinder glass. This in its improved form was known as sheet, or German sheet, glass. 2005 R. J. Morris ix. 355 There are two useful indicators of the changing levels of building in this period... The second was the quantities of crown and German sheet glass retained for home consumption in Great Britain. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > German shepherd 1852 8 339/1 My dog is of the German shepherd species. 1881 Sept. 145/3 There should be a distinction made between the English sheep dog, German shepherd and the Scotch Colley. 1914 Jan. 11/1 The German Shepherd Dog has attracted the attention of the whole New York society world, as to his wonderful intelligence and adaptability and many of them are now in use by the police department of that city. 1956 T. Williams Let. 20 Apr. in (1991) 134 Unfortunately he has his heart set on a big one, such as a German shepherd or chow, and I only like little dogs with funny faces and figures. 2005 23 May 56/1 He preferred other titles for himself, such as..‘Commander of Military Dog Training’ (a reference to the German shepherd that always accompanied him). society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > chord > [noun] > other chords 1812 W. Crotch iii. 71 The German sixth is accompanied with a fifth and third, and is resolved only into Sol with a sixth and fourth. 1875 F. A. G. Ouseley (ed. 2) xi. 127 We produce a discord, which has been called..the ‘German sixth’. 1922 A. M. Richardson xxxvi. 121 The dominant 7th-chord corresponds in sound with the augmented 6th, in the form known as the ‘German Sixth’. 2010 M. R. Ellis vii. 174 The strings respond with a more chromaticized version of their phrase, in which the chromatically descending bass line..is harmonized with a German sixth. 1868 May 280 The unknit bipeds had to make with fur caps and gloves and robes and beaver coats and Mackinaw blankets, and German socks..before they could pile into the awkward old sleigh. 1916 H. Kephart I. 161 Dress the feet with soft woolen socks, and over these draw a pair of long, thick ‘German socks’. 1964 E. R. Jackman & R. A. Long 132 ‘German socks’ aren't sold much anymore in Oregon. 1744 C. Carroll Invoice 16 Feb. in (1926) 21 244 3 ffaggotts German or Square steel. 1798 May 65 The steel obtained immediately from the ore by simple fusion, is called natural steel. It is likewise distinguished by the name of German steel, because it comes principally from Germany. 1884 J. M. Swank 95 Steel produced by the cementation process is also known as German steel, because much attention as long given to its production by Germany. 1904 W. Crookes tr. R. von Wagner 132 Steel is obtained..By the partial decarbonisation of pig-iron (rough steel, furnace steel, or German steel). 2001 R. B. Gordon vii. 173 Although Americans experimented with steelmaking in bloomeries (as well as in fineries to make ‘German steel’), they had little success in making a useful product. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > other 1842 F. Lambert xiii. 110 Patterns worked in cross stitch, may be prettily grounded in German stitch. 1875 ‘C. Joyneville’ I. iv. 145 For he spoke to her tenderly, and brought her a piece of embroidery from the military school, where she was anxious the children should learn the German stitch. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward 30/1 German stitch, this is a stitch formed from a tapestry and a tent stitch being worked alternately in a diagonal line across the canvas. 1964 H. Hanley 107 The Mosaic Stitch or the German Stitch: Here is another excellent background stitch, particularly if you are looking for a very small patterned stitch. society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [noun] > type face or font > black letter or Gothic > types of 1658 E. Cocker (new ed.) 3 I have sometimes wrote the German Text with a great Pen having two slits. 1763 W. Massey ii. 28 A neat and correct alphabet of the german text capitals. 1832 Apr. 318 The sections are denoted by German text in the English edition, but in the American by Roman letters. 1861 M. Pattison in Apr. 413 Over each [gateway] was an inscription in the German text. 1919 R. K. Smith in (Episcopal Church, Dept. Missions & Church Extension) vii. 175 The book was printed in German text, and although that was what was used in Bohemia, it had been forced upon them by law. 2005 E. J. Monaghan x. 290 James Brown Mason..wrote alphabets in round text, German text, the old-fashioned secretary hand, Italian, Old English print, and italic print. the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > used in arts or medicine the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of copperas 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner iii. f.193 The learned Fallopio, and singuler practisioner Leonard Fiorauant, doe rather commend and preferre the Romaine, then the Germaine Vitriol [L. Fallop. Rom. Germanico præfert]. 1686 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery (ed. 2) i. xviii. 343 Putting into my Furnace a Retort whose two thirds were filled with German Vitriol dried,..I distilled first of all the Phlegm. 1751 J. Hill 139 They have mistaken for it the common blue green German Vitriol which contains Iron and Copper mixed. 1845 6 119/2 In the north of Germany it [sc. oil of vitriol] is extensively manufactured, and is often called German vitriol, or fuming acid of hordhausen. 1974 J. Needham V. 246 It was almost certainly a mineral containing both copper and iron sulphates, something like what the +18th-century chemists called German vitriol. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > for private driving > specific types 1805 W. Felton (ed. 3) III. App. §3. 5 The German Waggon is a carriage made for travelling, and much used abroad, the bodies are made in the form of a Sociable. 1875 J. Timbs 293 The Downs were covered with every species of conveyance, and the Prince's German wagon (so were barouches called when first introduced at that time). 1907 T. H. S. Escott iii. 92 First in order came the royal barouche, or ‘German wagon’,..driven by Sir John Lade. 1934 ‘S. Rudd’ 67 The Lukins, and Miskins, and Abrahams..for years have been sending their kids per horse, and per milk-cart and German waggon to school at the township. 2011 (Nexis) 3 Mar. 9 The Buchbachs transported all their worldly possessions to Yandaran in a German wagon and settled on 250 acres on the banks of Yandaran Creek. the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > particular types of watch 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker sig. Hv Here take my Germane watch, hang't vp in sight, That I may see her hang in English for't. 1784 H. Walpole (new ed.) 62 An ancient square German watch, curiously chased in silver gilt. 1869 24 Apr. 490/2 German watches were not introduced at the English court until 1597. The first seen in England was worn by the beautiful Lady Arabella Stuart. 1954 May 161/3 The series of German watches in gold, enamel, rock-crystal, and hardstone, many with movements in original condition, is notable. 2004 J. G. Harris vii. 182 When Sir Alexander tries to tempt Moll into stealing a golden chain, a ruff, and a German watch, he fails miserably. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > woollen > for sewing or knitting > specific 1807 V. ii. 532 Of German wool I have many samples, some of which were sent me by Professor Blumenbach of Gottingen. 1847 A. Brontë vii. 103 The elder girl..was trifling over a piece of canvass and a basket of German wools. 1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Janet's Repentance iii, in II. 88 Beaded urn-rugs and chair-covers in German wool. 1905 25 Mar. 175/1 As the blooms expand it is a good plan to tie the centre with a piece of soft German wool. 1996 (Nexis) 25 Nov. 1 The paw pads are made of German wool and the eyes are hand-blown glass. c. In the names of plants. 1842 (2nd decennial rev. ed.) 46 Matricaria. German Chamomile. The flowers of Matricaria Chamomilla. 1908 33 122/1 By using weak German Camomile (in one of my eye cups) in the nostrils this removed through the mouth a quantity of mucus. 2010 E. Fitzherbert tr. M. Bueno 90/2 German camomile is a useful plant to have to hand. 1706 G. London & H. Wise II. iv. 416 The German Iris [Fr. l'Iris d'Allemagne], White . 1806 B. M'Mahon 604 Hardy Perennial and Biennial Fibrous Rooted Flowering Plants..Iris germanica. German Iris. 1882 6 May 317/2 The earliest purple German Iris. 1909 May 159/1 Of all the rainbow blossoms of the beautiful genus iris which are now grown, the various sorts grouped under the name German iris are the most popular. 2009 L. B. Miller 47 We also moved..large clumps of German iris. 1858 Jan. 90/1 Vines, such as the German ivy, the convolvulus, and other climbers, may be grown in pots and trained up in the recess of a bay-window. 1903 24 Jan. 52/1 It is..just the thing for the roof of a warm greenhouse, and the evergreen leaves exactly mimic those of Ivy, hence it is sometimes called German Ivy: why German I cannot say. 1974 J. Brennan (1979) ix. 141 German ivy..ravaged wide areas and caused vast damage. 2009 D. Strickman et al. 69 Some kinds of vegetation, like English or German ivy, are particularly bad because they create a thick blanket of shelter. the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > knawel 1670 J. Ray 248 Polygonum Germanicum, vel Knawell Germanorum..German Knot-grass, or Knawell. 1710 W. Salmon I. 591 Our Moderns call it Polygonum Germanicum, and we in English Knawel, or German knotgrass. 1849 J. M. Wilson III. 14/2 The annual species, sometimes called German knotgrass, Scleranthus annuus, is an annual indigen of the sandy corn-fields and other sandy grounds of Britain. 1911 E. F. Andrews 56 German Knotgrass. A homely weed, with long roots and prostrate or spreading branches. 2006 M. Webber tr. I. Pauwels & G. Christoffels 88 German Knotgrass, Scleranthus annuus, helps the uncertain and wavering to make discisions [sic]. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > larch and allies > [noun] 1838 H. Colman (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 65 The cultivation of immense plantations of the German larch in Scotland, is now resulting in most extraordinary profits. 1884 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 171 The hornbeam, the German larch, the lime,..and other trees..will in time form an important addition to the timber supply of the country. 1915 H. D. House 23 Japanese larch does better than the German larch. 1833 60 No. 3278 (heading) Deep-flowered German Lilac. 1877 E. Peacock German Lilac, valerian. 1893 25 Oct. 3/2 German lilac (Centranthus ruber), red and white-flowered, flowers early in Summer and again in the month of September. 1903 Sept. 313/2 Valerian, in ancient herballs, was often called German lilac. 1597 J. Gerard ii. 379 The Germaine Madwoort bringeth foorth from a fibrous roote, two broad, rough, and hoarie leaues. 1670 J. Ray 19 Alysson Germanicum echoides..Small wild Bugloss, great Goose-grass, German Madwort. 1701 R. Morden 76 Here are many excellent plants which grow, and in Cambridgeshire, as..German-Madwort, Water-Pimpernel, [etc.]. 1861 A. Pratt IV. 59 (German Madwort)..This little prostrate annual plant..is found more or less all over Europe. 1906 T. Fox 111 German Madwort.—..flowers bluish-purple, solitary, in axils of upper leaves. 1806 B. M'Mahon 640 Grasses and Other Plants Used in Farming... Panicum germanicum. German Millet. Panicum italicum. Italian Millet. 1922 V. R. Gardner et al. 312 Of the crops tried, that which appeared to come nearest meeting these requirements in Nebraska was German millet. 2010 T. Warhol & M. Schenck 37 Golden, or German, millet, which is smaller than white proso millet, is attractive to the same species [of bird], but at lower levels of interest. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > barley > types of barley or barley-plant 1828 S. F. Gray (ed. 4) 164 German-rice flour. From German rice, or naked barley, hordeum zeocriton; used to thicken soups. 1844 W. Shaw & C. W. Johnson tr. A. D. Thaër II. 433 This species is also known by the names of bearded barley, peacock barley, German rice, [etc.]. 1902 8 567 The older form of wide-eared barley was so different in appearance..that by the oldest of the German botanists who described it it was not called barley at all, but ‘German rice’. 1708 tr. J. P. de Tournefort ii. ix. 106 The German Shrub-Tamarisk has Roots about the Bigness of a Man's Leg cover'd with a thick Bark.] 1714 (Royal Soc.) 28 56 German Tamarisk... This differs from the French in having thicker greyish Leaves and spiked Flowers, which turn into a white Down. 1849 191 Myricaria Germanica..is known in Scotch nurseries under the name of German tamarisk; it is a sub-evergreen, and attains a height of 5 or 6 feet in a very few years. 1908 E. R. Emerson II. 44 Spiced beers were common indeed. For this purpose a decoction of oak-bark..and of the leaves and branches of the German tamarisk was used. 2010 A. Peter in U. Bundi 255 Another flagship species was..the German tamarisk (Myricaria germanica). 1843 1 304/2 This is the third or fourth communication we have received on the subject of this new German Wallflower. 1869 Mar. 252/2 The German wallflower is now introduced in a good many varieties. The worst of them are worth growing. 1953 H. H. Thomas (rev. ed.) v. 38 The Double German Wallflower, distinguished by stout erect stems bearing close-set spikes of bloom in spring and early summer. C2. Compounds of the noun. a. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield 5 Sept. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1206 You will also desire your German master to teach you [etc.]. 1790 W. Coxe III. xi. x. 221 This academy is provided with professors of history, mathematics, rhetoric, and natural history; with a German master, and a drawing master. 1819 H. Gye 12 Bernstein, Hebrew and German Teacher, Academy, 17, Beaufort-square. 1851 G. Borrow II. viii. 69 I was a tolerable German scholar,..and I had long been able to translate from German into English with considerable facility. 1894 J. A. Joerg (title) German test papers, consisting of sixty pieces for prose composition and questions on grammar, etymology, history and literature. 1921 J. A. Stevenson viii. 268 As an incentive and model, some students not in the German class but who spoke German in their homes were invited. 1969 June 41/1 Over a period of two years, two groups of first- and second-year French and German students were watched. Part of each group was taught by the old method [etc.]. 2008 R. Vaughn x. 220 Having just spent a great deal of time preparing for a German exam as part of my Ph.D. candidacy, I arrived at the meeting feeling confident and bearing a copy of the German text I'd been studying from. (b) Objective. 1870 10 Sept. 109 If I were French I should be German-hating, too. 1943 12 July 3/1 Goodwill and skillful handling of the German-hating Sicilian farmer can turn Sicily, once captured, into a valuable agricultural asset. 2001 T. Fleming xxi. 559 The former prime minister was evading several German-hating speeches he made during the war that contributed to this British attitude. 1869 21 Aug. 2/6 Then there is a German-loving sort of Englishman, who cannot bear to have the names of Fatherland Frenchified. 1936 M. Grunwald vii. iv. 441 The German-loving liberal Jews were particularly antagonistic. 2007 (Nexis) 18 Nov. b8 A Nazi newsreel crew made a propaganda film depicting the happy little ‘soldier’ among the German-loving Latvians. 1828 13 Sept. 42 German speakers were all we wanted. 1900 F. M. Hueffer ix. 163 His belief that the only German-speakers in the kingdom were members of the chosen people. 2005 29 Apr. 9/4 No doubt (like his fellow German-speakers Marx and Brecht) with a nervous side glance at stereotypes of Teutonic obscurantism. 1833 p. xlviii There is a considerable field for exertion among the German-speaking part of the population. 1872 R. Morris i. 5 Luther..made the High German the literary language of all German-speaking people. 1956 A. Horne vii. 137 Dr. Adenauer and his good friend and German-speaking fellow Europeanist, M. Robert Schuman, had agreed to try to hammer out differences unter vier Augen. 2009 F. D. Halloran in L. T. Frank v. 78 An enormous number of German-speaking immigrants arrived on American soil seeking economic opportunity and a respite from political and religious conflict. b. (a) 1852 Dec. 348 Bishop Bernward..carried young men in his suite, for the express purpose of enabling them to acquire a knowledge of the arts of that country ; thus laying the foundation of a German Italian school of art. 1854 30 Dec. 854/1 The theatre was consigned to a German-Italian company, which wriggled through a brief existence, and died of mismanagement. 1882 R. Fitzgerald v. 97 He had declared him to be..one Zucker, a German-Italian, but known under many other names, who had been convicted on various charges of swindling. 1992 Feb. 120/2 Some of the refined nuova cucina has a German-Italian bent, most successfully in the cream of parsley soup with petite raviolini,..or turnovers, with spinach and anise butter. 2001 G. Nickles 13/1 The largest of these groups, the German-Italians, speak Ladin, a dialect influenced by German. 1787 Oct. 320/1 The German Jewish nation went the day before yesterday, at five o'clock in the afternoon, to the Synagogue. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ in J. W. Cross (1885) III. xviii. 290 Part of the scene at the club is translated into Hebrew in a German-Jewish newspaper. 1920 F. S. Fitzgerald (1921) i. iv. 161 How do you know they aren't all pro-German—just a lot of weak ones—with German-Jewish names. 1963 W. Warmbrunn iv. xii. 272 Descriptions of the conduct of the German-Jewish police in Westerbork suggest that Nazi attitudes, if not Nazi ideology, had made some headway among these men. 2010 J. M. Hess (title) Middlebrow literature and the making of German-Jewish identity. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Swiss > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Switzerland > German 1736 25 Sept. 2/2 A great Number of German Swiss People just arrived in the Ship Eagle. 1741 W. Stephens 10 Dec. (1958) I. 15 The Saltzburghers with their Effects, having been first brought a Shore, the next after them were the German Swiss. 1764 J. Boswell Jrnl. 25 Nov. in (1953) I. 199 I found him a German-Swiss literatus, full of animal spirits. 1849 Oct. 662/1 Here the Milanese, the Dalmatian, and Semler, once more joined our party, and thus assisted us in keeping off the German Swiss, whose company I literally detested. 1884 10 Nov. 2/7 Perhaps the most successful rival of Nottingham goods is the German-Swiss Edelweiss lace. 1919 C. Mackenzie i. 31 She asked if the other two women spoke English, and Miss Savage told her that one was a German-Swiss. 1955 J. Thomas xx. 190 Two elderly German-Swiss gentlemen. 1994 J. Edwards (1995) iii. 77 The stereotyped ridicule with which the French Swiss regards the German Swiss, his culture, and above all his language, of whose inferiority the former is deeply convinced. 2004 17 May 15/2 ‘Roth Time’, a gargantuan retrospective of the late under-known German-Swiss artist Dieter Roth, is on view at MOMA. (b) the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin 1775 J. Adair 423 The weight of the oar lies on the women, as is the case with the German Americans. 1824 I. Candler 333 Natives of Germany all told the German Americans of their bad language. 1825 21 Apr. There is a ‘German American Mine Company’ at Elberfield, that has excited much attention in Germany. 1880 Sept. 567 A German-American School..is kept over a disreputable little grog-shop. 1919 134 Perhaps he over-estimated the strength of the German-American and Pacifist elements. 1941 W. Lewis Jan. (1963) 284 You, as a German-American, can feel little sympathy for poor old England. 1988 E. White (1989) i. 12 She'd tucked a down comforter over my legs, something she called a ‘bleemo’..that years later I realized must be a funny German-American pronunciation of plumeau. 2001 12 Nov. 51/2 National Public Radio weighed in with a 19-part series reporting widespread bias against German-Americans. 1796 N. Bailey (title) Dictionary English-German and German-English. 1850 Feb. 156 To make an English-Latin out of a German-Latin Lexicon, is a much greater undertaking than one would at first suppose. 1890 (Univ. Pennsylvania) Nov. 97 If..the searcher for knowledge were an Italian, and he were reading a German book and found gicht, in all human probability he would turn to a German-Italian dictionary. 1908 5 41 He has found that German–English vocabularies can be learned with a speed far in excess of what is regarded as possible in the usual teaching of a foreign language. 2010 (Nexis) 1 Apr. a2 He's selling off his stock, from the popular Pons German-French dictionaries to the piles of antique books in old German script that litter the floor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.adj.a1387 |
