单词 | garb |
释义 | garbn.1 1. A bundle or quantity of rods of a specified metal, typically about thirty. Cf. sheaf n.1 2a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > metal in the form of rods > bundle of garbc1436 faggot1540 bundle1831 c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 191 (MED) Of eche garbe of bras seld bye hym self, qua. 1772 H. Swinden Hist. & Antiq. Great Yarmouth 82 In the treatise of weights and measures made by an ordinance of the whole kingdom of England, in 31 E. I. there is, ‘Garba’ afferus conflat ex triginta preciis; i.e. a garb of steel consists of thirty pieces. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xix. 472 Steel [in 13th c.] is generally sold by the garb or sheaf, containing thirty esperducts or gads. 1957 H. R. Schubert Hist. Brit. Iron & Steel Industry vii. 120 The garb of forged steel had a weight of a hundred (centena) in 1341, which was 27 lb. 2. A bundle or sheaf of a specified crop or plant. Now only with reference to such a sheaf depicted in heraldic insignia. ΚΠ c1460 Bk. Arms in Ancestor (1903) Apr. 180 (MED) [Azure] iij garbys of comyn [of gold]. 1639 Distiller of London sig. B3v A Barley garbe, wreathed about with a Vine branch. 1780 J. Edmondson Compl. Body Heraldry II. Gloss. sig. Qq When the charge is a sheaf of wheat, it is sufficient in blazon to say only a Garb; but when it is a sheaf of any other grain, the species..must also be expressed, as a garb of oats, &c. ?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica II. sig. H4v Crest, a garb of trefoils, vert, banded or. 2009 M. P. Siddons Heraldic Badges Eng. & Wales III. 48/2 Garb of trefoils Vert, tied Argent and Sable. 3. A wheatsheaf. Now only with reference to a wheatsheaf depicted in heraldic insignia. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of vegetation > [noun] > other vegetation pease ricea1325 garbc1460 gourd1513 sengreenc1550 orme1688 sag-spear1688 sedge1688 grain-tree1780 pea-rice1780 scrog1780 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > sheaf sheafc725 reapeOE yelmc1000 garbc1460 wheat-sheafc1530 gerbe1807 c1460 Bk. Arms in Ancestor (1903) Jan. 228 (MED) [Azure three] whet chewys [or] garbys [of gold]. c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxx/1 Noo forestir frohensforth or bayli make scotal or gadir garbe or otes or any corne..but be the sight & othe of xij regarders. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. ix. 112 There is a kind of wretched Cormorants, whose Garbs are so fast bound that the poore curseth their mercilesse hearts. 1763 Brit. Mag. 4 189 A garb, or, supported by two lions. 1817 A. Deuchar Brit. Crests I. 23/1 Baron of Bradwell, Essex, a garb, vert, eared, or. 1990 Royal Musical Assoc. Res. Chron. No. 23. 79 The ancient coat of Hatton (azure, a chevron between three garbs or). Compounds garb tithe n. now historical a predial tithe paid on grain; cf. great tithe n. at great adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 1e. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe > consisting of produce, stock, or animals tenth sheaf1387 predial1530 predial tithe1530 whitage1537 tithe pig1555 garb tithea1640 flax-tithe1692 a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §42 45 The garb tythes and spiritual profits of the manor. 2001 C. H. Lawrence in Medieval World (2007) iv. xxxvii. 653 The jury of parishioners was brought back and required to value the garb tithes, which proved to be worth sixty marks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). garbn.2 a. Grace, elegance, refinement, esp. with reference to manners or appearance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > elegance > [noun] elegancy?a1475 elegance1545 featness1576 garb1591 vagisness1604 fashionableness1640 gentility1753 featliness1843 concinnity1855 1591 J. Lyly Endimion ii. ii. sig. D Dares If you bee good wenches make as though you loue him, and wonder at him. Fauil. Wee will doo our parts. Dares But first let vs stand aside, and let him vse his garbe, for all consisteth in his gracing. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 537 Surely it's [sc. love's] course hath more garbe [Fr. galbe], when it is commixt with vnaduisednesse and trouble. 1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 211 Finde the house open to all comers and goers both Ladyes and gentlemen, that are of any garbe. b. Gracefulness of line, elegant curvature. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > beauty of shape or form > [noun] shapea1382 shapeliness1388 well-shape?c1430 makdom1488 decentness1561 feature1595 symmetry1601 decency1610 garba1652 a1652 I. Jones in B. Allsopp & R. A. Sayce Inigo Jones on Palladio (1970) II. iv. 22 The making of the vnder builter and casment wth seuerall centers, this hear hath only the measures but not the line nor garbe. a. Manner, style; a prevailing custom or fashion. Also: lifestyle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] wayeOE costOE wise971 gatec1175 custc1275 form1297 guise13.. mannerc1300 kindc1330 assizea1375 plighta1393 makea1400 fashionc1400 reason?c1400 method1526 voye1541 how1551 way1563 garb1600 quality1600 mould1603 quomodo1623 modus1648 mode1649 turn1825 road1855 gait1866 methodology1932 stylee1982 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iv. iii. sig. Mii His Seniors giue him good sleight lookes, After their Garbe . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. i. 72 You thought, because he could not speake English in the natiue garb, he could not therefore handle an English Cudgell. View more context for this quotation 1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence ii. i. sig. D I was afraid that after the Italian garbe I should have kis'd her backward. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iii. i. 48 In a very ill garbe she returned my complements. 1668 Leather-more: or Advice conc. Gaming (ed. 2) 8 A young fellow..had by strange Fortune runne up a very small summe to fifteen hundred pounds, and put himself into a Garb accordingly, could not give over, plaid on..lost it all, run mad, and so dyed. 1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 175 The younger son of one that had not above 200 pounds per Annum: lived in the Garb & Equipage of the richest Noble man. 1831 E. E. Crowe Hist. France (U.S. ed.) II. v. 139 One can indeed mark the Jesuit speaking and acting in the monarch's garb. b. Sort, kind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] kindeOE i-cundeOE mannera1225 jetc1330 colour1340 hair1387 estrete1393 gendera1398 hedea1400 savourc1400 stockc1450 toucha1500 rate1509 barrel1542 suit1548 fashion1562 special1563 stamp1573 family1598 garb1600 espece1602 kidney1602 bran1610 formality1610 editiona1627 make1660 cast1673 tour1702 way1702 specie1711 tenor1729 ilk1790 genre1816 stripe1853 persuasion1855 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. i. sig. Eii I am so haunted at the court & at my lodging with your refin'd choise spirits, that it makes me cleane of another Garbe, another straine, I know not how. View more context for this quotation 1605 R. Carew in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 99 Wee may still enrich our language with others [sc. words] of the like garbe. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > demeanour or bearing i-bereOE i-letelOE lundc1175 semblanta1240 countenancec1290 fare1297 porturec1300 bearinga1325 portc1330 abearc1350 demeaning14.. habit1413 apporta1423 havingsa1425 maintenance?c1436 demeanc1450 maintain?1473 deport1474 maintaining1477 demeanance1486 affair1487 containing1487 behaviour1490 representation1490 haviour?1504 demeanour1509 miena1522 function1578 amenance1590 comportance1590 portance1590 purport1590 manage1593 style1596 dispose1601 deportments1603 comportment1605 garb1605 aira1616 deportment1638 comport1660 tour1702 sway1753 disport1761 maintien1814 tenue1828 portment1833 allure1841 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. sig. Bv Be hot, and cold with him; change eury moode, Habit, and garbe, as often as he varies. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone iv. i. sig. I First, for your garbe, it must be graue, and serious, Very reseru'd, and lock't; not tell a secret, On any termes, not to your father. View more context for this quotation a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Surrey 82 So graceful is their Garbe, that they make any kind of Cloathes become themselves. 1706 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i. 12 This sullen Garb, this moody Discontent. 4. a. Style of dress; attire, clothing, esp. clothing typical of a specific occasion or profession. Also as a count noun: an outfit, a garment. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] clothesc888 hattersOE shroudc1000 weedOE shrouda1122 clothc1175 hatteringa1200 atourc1220 back-clout?c1225 habit?c1225 clothingc1275 cleadinga1300 dubbinga1300 shroudinga1300 attirec1300 coverturec1300 suitc1325 apparel1330 buskingc1330 farec1330 harness1340 tire1340 backs1341 geara1350 apparelmentc1374 attiringa1375 vesturec1385 heelinga1387 vestmentc1386 arraya1400 graitha1400 livery1399 tirementa1400 warnementa1400 arrayment1400 parelc1400 werlec1400 raiment?a1425 robinga1450 rayc1450 implements1454 willokc1460 habiliment1470 emparelc1475 atourement1481 indumenta1513 reparel1521 wearing gear1542 revesture1548 claesc1550 case1559 attirement1566 furniture1566 investuring1566 apparelling1567 dud1567 hilback1573 wear1576 dress1586 enfolding1586 caparison1589 plight1590 address1592 ward-ware1598 garnish1600 investments1600 ditement1603 dressing1603 waith1603 thing1605 vestry1606 garb1608 outwall1608 accoutrementa1610 wearing apparel1617 coutrement1621 vestament1632 vestiment1637 equipage1645 cask1646 aguise1647 back-timbera1656 investiture1660 rigging1664 drapery1686 vest1694 plumage1707 bussingc1712 hull1718 paraphernalia1736 togs1779 body clothing1802 slough1808 toggery1812 traps1813 garniture1827 body-clothes1828 garmenture1832 costume1838 fig1839 outfit1840 vestiture1841 outer womana1845 outward man1846 vestiary1846 rag1855 drag1870 clo'1874 parapherna1876 clobber1879 threads1926 mocker1939 schmatte1959 vine1959 kit1989 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] wearing?c1225 guisec1275 attire1382 habita1420 shapea1425 trick1542 fashion1544 trim1579 suit shape1598 garb1608 form1664 toilet1752 macaroni dressa1777 turn-out1812 style1814 set-out1834 get-up1842 rig1843 feather1854 model1859 make-up1883 1608 G. Markham & L. Machin Dumbe Knight i. i. sig. B3 He hath the right garbe for apparell, the true touch with the tongue in the kisse, and he dances well but falles heauily. 1621 G. Wither Motto (new ed.) sig. D4v Each phantastique Garb our Gallants weare. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xv. 191 Be thriftie also in your apparrell and clothing..vsing that moderate and middle garbe, which shall rather lessen then make you bigger then you are. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Loves Pilgrimage i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaaaa/1 In hose, and doblet? The horse boyes garb? 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xxxvi. 50 Their bodily Garb is a Frock of Cotton Cloth. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 260 He is stripped of his wet garb. 1833 W. Howitt Pop. Hist. Priestcraft xix. 238 His charge come on in garbs of many colours;—the damsels in green and scarlet petticoats; stockings white, black, and gray. 1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton xviii I wished to be a soldier in more than the mere garb. 1937 Washington Post 3 Jan. 6/5 Jealous of the traditional garb which has been handed down for centuries from one generation to another. 2019 Independent (Nexis) 27 May 7 Dressed in full black funeral garb. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Something likened to clothing, esp. in that it covers or conceals. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering > like a garment weedOE robec1225 kirtle1398 vestment1483 vesture1526 apron1535 gabardine1542 garment1585 tire1594 dress1608 garb1613 cowl1658 investiture1660 dressing1835 pinafore1845 cloak1876 1613 J. Taylor Eighth Wonder of World sig. A4 All these Epithites are ouer-worne, and doe, as it were, stinke of the fusty garbe of Antiquity. 1653 Let. to Leiut. Col. Lilburn 3 Humility is a garb a Christian need never be ashamed on. 1744 J. Swift On Diffic. knowing one's Self in Three Serm. (ed. 2) 73 This [sc. weeping] may prove to be no more than the very Garb and outward Dress of a contrite Heart. 1859 D. Masson Brit. Novelists i. 9 Heroic themes..invested with the garb of verse. 2019 Guardian (Nexis) 20 May Baudet is waging ‘the culture war of the US alt-right cloaked in the garb of European intellectual history’. c. Something which forms a covering, outer layer, or adornment to a physical or material object. Somewhat rare. ΚΠ 1758 Monthly Rev. 19 App. 618 These books were..precious..notwithstanding their torn and mouldy garb. 1883 Harper's Mag. Dec. 107 Delicate shapes of ianthina, vellela, and porpita, glistening in garbs of blue and silver..hover about in close attendance. 2014 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 Feb. (Late ed.) c1 The peeling garb of a tree. CompoundsΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > good manners or polite behaviour > expert in garb-master1616 garbist1640 1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 250 You see hee has plaid downe your grand garbe-Master, here. Derivatives ˈgarbless adj. unclothed, naked. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > nakedness or state of being unclothed > [adjective] nakedOE bareOE start nakedc1225 nakec1300 unarrayedc1380 clothelessc1386 mother-nakedc1390 stark nakedc1390 bareda1400 naked as a needlec1400 unattiredc1400 uncladc1400 uncoveredc1400 loose1423 unclothedc1440 belly-nakeda1500 naked as one's nail1563 unabuilyeit1568 sindonlessc1595 leathern1596 disarrayed1611 undressed1613 debaredc1620 unapparelled1622 unaccoutred?1750 stark1762 disrobed1794 ungarmented1798 undraped1814 au naturel1828 nude1830 skyclad1832 garbless1838 kitless1846 spar-naked1849 raimentless1852 undoffed1854 togless1857 garmentless1866 naked as a robin1866 clothesless1868 sky clothed1878 nakedized1885 altogether1896 buck naked1913 raw1916 bollock naked1922 starkers1923 starko1923 stitchless1927 naked as a jaybird1931 bollock1950 rollock naked1962 nekkid1977 kit-off1992 1838 New Monthly Mag. Jan. 117 He..bade thee ride at noon our city through, Garbless and guardless. 1990 D. F. Friedman Youth in Babylon 294 Recording for cinematic history a gaggle of both-gendered, garbless gymnasts... It was a nudist-movie ‘first’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). garbv. 1. transitive. To cover or adorn (something physical or material object, natural feature, etc.). Chiefly poetic and literary. ΚΠ 1604 T. Winter tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Third Dayes Creation 23 My meadow so beflowr'd, my garden hearbed, My close so fruitfull, and my field so garbed. 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iii. ii. 268 One [sc. a river] crooked or very much winding too and fro; (as the Thames at Kingstone) and garbed all along with Trees upon the Bank. 1815 Evangelical Mag. Nov. 352/2 Flow'rs that gaily garb the ground. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. viii. vi. 279 The boughs the leaves had garbed. 1993 Toronto Life June 86/3 Pignola cake garbed with pine-nut glaze beside poached pears in caramel-like fig honey. 2018 Scottish Daily Mail (Nexis) 8 June 68 These creatures [sc. caterpillars], garbed in gaudy froths. 2. a. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. To envelop or conceal (someone or something) as if in clothing; to cloak, disguise. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > as with garment clothea1382 overclothea1425 garmenta1547 invest1548 palliate1548 overclad1591 vestite1598 clad1601 supervest1610 garb1648 1648 J. Goodwin Divine Authority Script. 335 The thorns and briers..have so rent and torn the sheeps cloathing, wherewith many great and violent pretenders to religion had garbed themselves. 1651 J. Goodwin Άπολύτρωσις Άπολυτρώσεως viii. §45. 145 Is not he, who being enlightned, Retaines the truth in unrighteousnesse, remaines inwardly full of malice and wickednesse, only garbing himself with an Hypocriticall outside. 1833 Vermont Patriot & State Gaz. 7 Jan. The Spring, garbed in beauty, hath faded away. 1836 J. H. Newman Lyra Apost. xxxv, in Brit. Mag. Apr. 386 The rich earth, garbed in its daintiest dress Of light and joy. 1856 S. T. Dobell Eng. in Time of War 178 To garb with joy The naked soul of grief. 1995 E. Kallen Ethnicity & Human Rights Canada (ed. 2) ix. 249 These programs, though garbed in mandatory trappings, will remain de facto voluntary because they lack mandatory implementation of plans with specific goals and timetables. 2011 Rev. Politics 76 420 The integral feature of Roman politics..was garbed in myth. b. transitive. To clothe or dress (oneself or another), esp. in distinctive garments or a distinctive style. Chiefly in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] wrya901 clothec950 shride971 aturnc1220 begoa1225 array1297 graith1297 agraithc1300 geara1325 cleadc1325 adightc1330 apparel1362 back1362 shape1362 attirea1375 parela1375 tirea1375 rayc1390 addressa1393 coverc1394 aguisea1400 scredea1400 shrouda1400 bedightc1400 buskc1400 harnessc1400 hatterc1400 revesta1449 able1449 dressa1450 reparel?c1450 adub?1473 endue?a1475 afaite1484 revestera1500 beclothe1509 trimc1516 riga1535 invest1540 vesture1555 suit1577 clad1579 investure1582 vest1582 deck1587 habit1594 to make ready1596 caparison1597 skin1601 shadow1608 garment1614 riga1625 raiment1656 garb1673 equip1695 to fit out1722 encase1725 tog1793 trick1821 to fig out1825 enclothe1832 toilet1842 to get up1858 habilitate1885 tailor1885 kit1919 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 100 He being always well garbed. 1777 J. Throsby Mem. Town & County Leicester V. xxxvi. 117 His figure was the picture of want, garbed like a pitiable mendicant. 1819 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. June 544/2 The people in the pews around me were garbed after the Athenian fashion. a1851 D. M. Moir Shadow Truth ii, in Poet. Wks. (1852) Garb'd in white Religion's robes. 1888 L. Hearn in Harper's Mag. 77 215/2 Women..very simply, almost savagely, garbed. 1973 P. Arnold & C. Davis Hamlyn Bk. World Soccer 126/1 Pozzo's azzurri, garbed here in Fascist black, capitalized on mistaken French tactics. 2012 Wonderland Feb. 76 Models riding a carousel garbed in dip-dyed feathered skirts and lace dresses. c. transitive. Originally English regional (Yorkshire): to dress (oneself or another) in a gaudy manner. Now: to dress (oneself or another) elaborately, stylishly, or formally; to dress up. Formerly also: (English regional (Isle of Wight)) †to dress (oneself or another) in an unusual manner (obsolete). Chiefly with out or up. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > dress up or dress elaborately disguisec1325 quaintisea1333 guisea1400 to dress up?a1513 deck?1521 garnisha1535 trim1594 gallant1614 sprug1622 dizena1625 to dress out1649 bedizen1661 rig1723 trim1756 bedress1821 gaudy1838 buck up1854 garb1868 clobber1887 mum1890 to do up1897 dude1899 toff1914 lair1941 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 210 Garb, to bedeck, to array in a gaudy fashion; almost invariably implying tasteless or vulgar finery. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 48/2 Thou need not garb thyself out so much; it's only a market-day. 1886 W. H. Long Dict. Isle of Wight Dial. 22 I run agen wold Spanner, garbed up like a wold gallybagger. 1941 Chicago Defender 31 May 21/6 More than 400 guests were invited to the party, all garbed out in colorful Gypsy costumes. 2019 Times of India (Nexis) 28 Feb. They were garbed up in attires of different states of our country. 2019 North West Star (Nexis) 27 June The North West Star caught up with Tonka on a cold Friday morning, when he had just 30km to go, garbed out in, of course, a wedding dress. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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