Gaeln.

Brit.

/ɡeɪl/, U.S.

/ɡeɪl/, Irish English

/ɡeːl/, Scottish English /ɡel/, Manx English /ɡeɪl/

Inflections: Plural Gaels, unchanged.

Forms: 1600s Gaol, 1600s– Gael, 1700s Gaël.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Irish. Partly a borrowing from Scottish Gaelic. Etymons: Irish Gael, Scottish Gaelic Gàidheal.

Etymology: < Irish Gael (formerly written Gaedheal , Gaodhal ) and Scottish Gaelic Gàidheal (Early Irish Goídel , also Gaídel ) < the Brittonic base of Welsh Gwyddel (12th cent. as Guoidel ) < the base of gŵydd wild (probably ultimately < an ablaut variant of the Indo-European base of wood n.¹) + a suffix forming nouns.In Early Irish, the internal d was pronounced as a voiced dental fricative (/ð/) between vowels; this shifted to a voiced velar fricative ( /ɣ/; written dh ) in the 12th or 13th cent., which was subsequently weakened and in this word eventually ceased to be pronounced (the apparently disyllabic form Gaël appears to reflect a late stage in this process). In spelling, dh was retained until the 20th cent. in Irish, and is still present in Scottish Gaelic. The following earlier English passages (recounting an origin myth) apparently reflect the earlier pronunciation with a dental fricative, probably transmitted in writing from earlier sources, with the internal th perhaps implying English influence on the spelling. Quot. a1387 is ultimately based on a Latin passage in Gerald of Wales (12th cent.), who has Gaideli , reflecting an Irish spelling (with d still pronounced as /ð/): ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 345 Þei were i-cleped also Gaitels [?a1475 anon. tr. Gaiteles; L. Gaytheli, v.rr. Gaiteli, Gaitili] and Scottes of oon Gaithleus, þat was Phenius his neuew.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 73 Calling thame al Scottis..albeit is plane and euident that mony hundir ȝeiris eftir, thay war called Gathelis fra Gathel [L. Gathelos..dictos]. With these compare quots. a1387 and 1596 at Gaelic n. and adj.

A member of the Gaelic-speaking peoples inhabiting Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man (now chiefly in historical contexts). Later also: a person of such heritage or descent.In early use chiefly denoting a Gaelic-speaking inhabitant of Ireland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > Gaels > person

redshank1542

Britainer1570

Ulster Scot1654

Gael1684

Dalriadan1685

Dalriad1753

Goidel1869

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 18 So called of the Irish, who in times past dwelt there, and terme themselves short in their owne language Gael [L. se Gael sua lingua contracte vocant].]

1684 W. Lloyd Hist. Acct. Church-govt. i. 44 The Gael, as the Irish call themselves.

1693 J. A. Barnard Bohun's Geogr. Dict. (new ed.) 157/1 It [sc. Galloway] takes its name from the Welsh, who for a long time maintained this County against the Scots and Picts, calling themselves Gaels.

a1765 J. Macpherson Crit. Diss. Anc. Caledonians (1768) viii. 98 The appellation of Guidhil or Gaël given indiscriminately to the Picts, Scots, and Irish.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 192 The Gael around him threw His graceful plaid of varied hue.

1887 Sat. Rev. 31 Dec. 876/2 Father Sheehy was there to tell them that the priests ‘could not go with them as fellow-Gaels’.

1930 Times 27 June 15/5 In this materialistic age, as never before, the Gael, with his bare outward setting, his intellectual vigour, and his wealth of high tradition, has a very special contribution to make.

2010 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Aug. 25/3 Was he, as is the way with Gaels, simply playing a joke on his younger and gullible disciple?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	gael
释义	Gaeln. Brit. /ɡeɪl/, U.S. /ɡeɪl/, Irish English /ɡeːl/, Scottish English /ɡel/, Manx English /ɡeɪl/ Inflections: Plural Gaels, unchanged. Forms: 1600s Gaol, 1600s– Gael, 1700s Gaël. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Irish. Partly a borrowing from Scottish Gaelic. Etymons: Irish Gael, Scottish Gaelic Gàidheal. Etymology: < Irish Gael (formerly written Gaedheal , Gaodhal ) and Scottish Gaelic Gàidheal (Early Irish Goídel , also Gaídel ) < the Brittonic base of Welsh Gwyddel (12th cent. as Guoidel ) < the base of gŵydd wild (probably ultimately < an ablaut variant of the Indo-European base of wood n.¹) + a suffix forming nouns.In Early Irish, the internal d was pronounced as a voiced dental fricative (/ð/) between vowels; this shifted to a voiced velar fricative ( /ɣ/; written dh ) in the 12th or 13th cent., which was subsequently weakened and in this word eventually ceased to be pronounced (the apparently disyllabic form Gaël appears to reflect a late stage in this process). In spelling, dh was retained until the 20th cent. in Irish, and is still present in Scottish Gaelic. The following earlier English passages (recounting an origin myth) apparently reflect the earlier pronunciation with a dental fricative, probably transmitted in writing from earlier sources, with the internal th perhaps implying English influence on the spelling. Quot. a1387 is ultimately based on a Latin passage in Gerald of Wales (12th cent.), who has Gaideli , reflecting an Irish spelling (with d still pronounced as /ð/): ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 345 Þei were i-cleped also Gaitels [?a1475 anon. tr. Gaiteles; L. Gaytheli, v.rr. Gaiteli, Gaitili] and Scottes of oon Gaithleus, þat was Phenius his neuew.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 73 Calling thame al Scottis..albeit is plane and euident that mony hundir ȝeiris eftir, thay war called Gathelis fra Gathel [L. Gathelos..dictos]. With these compare quots. a1387 and 1596 at Gaelic n. and adj. A member of the Gaelic-speaking peoples inhabiting Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man (now chiefly in historical contexts). Later also: a person of such heritage or descent.In early use chiefly denoting a Gaelic-speaking inhabitant of Ireland. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > Gaels > person redshank1542 Britainer1570 Ulster Scot1654 Gael1684 Dalriadan1685 Dalriad1753 Goidel1869 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 18 So called of the Irish, who in times past dwelt there, and terme themselves short in their owne language Gael [L. se Gael sua lingua contracte vocant].] 1684 W. Lloyd Hist. Acct. Church-govt. i. 44 The Gael, as the Irish call themselves. 1693 J. A. Barnard Bohun's Geogr. Dict. (new ed.) 157/1 It [sc. Galloway] takes its name from the Welsh, who for a long time maintained this County against the Scots and Picts, calling themselves Gaels. a1765 J. Macpherson Crit. Diss. Anc. Caledonians (1768) viii. 98 The appellation of Guidhil or Gaël given indiscriminately to the Picts, Scots, and Irish. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 192 The Gael around him threw His graceful plaid of varied hue. 1887 Sat. Rev. 31 Dec. 876/2 Father Sheehy was there to tell them that the priests ‘could not go with them as fellow-Gaels’. 1930 Times 27 June 15/5 In this materialistic age, as never before, the Gael, with his bare outward setting, his intellectual vigour, and his wealth of high tradition, has a very special contribution to make. 2010 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Aug. 25/3 Was he, as is the way with Gaels, simply playing a joke on his younger and gullible disciple? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1684
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