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单词 appal
释义

appalv.

Brit. /əˈpɔːl/, U.S. /əˈpɔl/, /əˈpɑl/
Forms: Middle English–1600s a-pall(e, appalle, 1500s a-pawl, 1600s appaule, Middle English–1800s appall, 1500s–1800s appal. Inflected appalled, appalling.
Etymology: ? < Old French apalir, apallir, later ap(p)alir, to wax pale, be in consternation; languish, waste away; also transitive to make pale, etc. This derivation accounts satisfactorily for the senses, but presents difficulties as to the forms: the natural representation of apalir would be apale , appale , actually found in 16th cent., in the literal sense (see below); the earlier appall , which points, like all , ball , fall , etc. (with which it rhymes from the 14th cent.), to an originally short a , may perhaps representing the French form appall-ir . But appall cannot be separated from the simple pall v.1, for the relations of which to pale v.3, pale adj. see that word.
I. intransitive.
1. To wax pale or dim. Obsolete. Cf. appale v. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > grow dim or lose brightness [verb (intransitive)]
dima1300
fade13..
appal1393
duskc1430
pallc1450
cloud1555
pale1822
wane1832
film1844
dull1862
gauze1876
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 107 Of thought, which in min herte falleth, Whan it is night min hede appalleth.
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 24 The night doth folowe, appallith all his chere, Whan Western wawis his stremys overclose.
2. figurative. To wax faint or feeble in any characteristic quality; to fade, fail, decay. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1315 Shoreham 91 Ther [in heaven]..none swetnesse appalleth.
c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. i. 2 b Their youth by ful great displeasaunce Gan to appall.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiii. f. xxxii The fayth of Criste began sore to Apalle.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vi. sig. F4 Therewith her wrathfull courage gan appall . View more context for this quotation
3. To lose flavour, savour, or briskness; to become flat or stale, as fermented liquor when left exposed to the air. Obsolete. Cf. pall v.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > become insipid [verb (intransitive)]
pall1440
appal1528
flatten1692
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [verb (intransitive)] > lose flavour or become flat
appal1528
1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. (1557) 226/1 If the salt once appalle, the woorde muste nedes waxe vnsauery.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 433/1 I appalle, as drinke dothe or wyne, whan it leseth his colour, or ale whan it hath stande longe. Je appalys. This wyne is appaled all redy.
1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1619) (ed. 2, 1619) 622/2 He found the wine wel watered before that it had stood a pawling long.
4. To lose heart or resolution; become dismayed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)]
heavyOE
fallOE
droopena1225
lourc1290
droopc1330
to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350
dullc1374
fainta1375
languora1375
languisha1382
afflicta1393
gloppen?a1400
weary1434
appalc1450
to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450
peak1580
dumpc1585
mopea1592
sink1603
bate1607
deject1644
despond1655
alamort?1705
sadden1718
dismal1780
munge1790
mug1828
to get one's tail down1853
to have (also get) the pip1881
shadow1888
to have (one's) ass in a sling1960
c1450 Vox Populi 206 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 275 Yf theise men appall, And lacke when you do call.
II. transitive.
5. To make pale, to cause to lose or change colour. Obsolete. rare. Cf. appale v. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (transitive)] > make pale
appalc1386
blenkc1400
blaiken1570
blancha1616
etiolate1831
blench1845
etiolize1891
c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 357 Hir liste nat apalled [v.r. appalled, appallid] for to be Ne on the morwe vnfeestlich for to se.
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv Whordome appalleth the countenance, it dulleth the spirits.
6. figurative. To cause to fade or cease to flourish; to dim, weaken, enfeeble, impair. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > dismay
dismay1297
amayc1330
mayc1380
esmay1393
asmayc1420
formayc1470
esbay1480
astonish1535
appal1548
consternate1651
repall1687
aghast1876
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2189 Whan his name apalled [v.r. appelled, -alled, apeyred] is for age.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke vi. f. 22 To appalle or derken your glorie.
1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 26 Restored mee my strength whiche was appalled with feare.
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 134/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II How often he preuailed against the enimie, and appalled their courages.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. x. 443 To set in strength againe their feebled and appalled force.
7. To quell (anger, pride, etc.). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)]
temperc1000
keelc1175
slakea1300
abate?c1335
settle1338
swagea1340
modifyc1385
rebatea1398
bate1398
moder1414
releasea1425
remiss?a1425
moderate1435
alethe?1440
delaya1450
appal1470
addulce1477
mollify1496
mean?a1513
relent1535
qualify1536
temperatea1540
aplake1578
slack1589
relaxate1598
milden1603
mitigate1611
relax1612
alleniate1615
allay1628
alloy1634
castigate1653
smoothen1655
tendera1656
mitify1656
meeken1662
remitigate1671
obviscate1684
slacken1685
chastise1704
dulcify1744
absorb1791
demulceate1817
chasten1856
modulate1974
mediate1987
1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxvi Wherfore the kyng his yre myght not apall.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 241 God beates his Deere from birth to buriall, To make them know him, and their pride appall.
8.
a. To cause the heart of (anyone) to sink; to dismay, shock, discomfit, terrify.
ΚΠ
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. (1557) 646/2 Then wyll thys poynt as sore appall Tindal in thys debate.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 813 To appaule and discourage the minds..of the mercinarie souldiors.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 59 A man..that dare looke on that Which might appall the Diuell.
1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st ii. 2 Him, who ne'er listen'd to the voice of praise, The silence of neglect can ne'er appal.
1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity IV. ix. viii. 190 The calmness of the heretics in the fire amazed, almost appalled their judges.
b. absol.
ΚΠ
1630 M. Drayton David & Goliath in Muses Elizium 206 His brazen armour gaue a iarring sound..which did like death apall.
1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. l. 200 Thoughts that awe but not appal.
c. reflexive. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys 165 But thus [Christ] seyd, Marye the not appalle.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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更新时间:2025/3/22 6:07:40