appalv.

Brit.

/əˈpɔːl/, U.S.

/əˈpɔl/,

/əˈpɑl/

Forms: Middle English–1600s a-pall(e, appalle, 1500s a-pawl, 1600s appaule, Middle English–1800s appall, 1500s–1800s appal. Inflected appalled, appalling.

Etymology: ? < Old French apalir, apallir, later ap(p)alir, to wax pale, be in consternation; languish, waste away; also transitive to make pale, etc. This derivation accounts satisfactorily for the senses, but presents difficulties as to the forms: the natural representation of apalir would be apale , appale , actually found in 16th cent., in the literal sense (see below); the earlier appall , which points, like all , ball , fall , etc. (with which it rhymes from the 14th cent.), to an originally short a , may perhaps representing the French form appall-ir . But appall cannot be separated from the simple pall v.¹, for the relations of which to pale v.³, pale adj. see that word.

I. intransitive.

†1. To wax pale or dim. Obsolete. Cf. appale v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > grow dim or lose brightness [verb (intransitive)]

dima1300

fade13..

appal1393

duskc1430

pallc1450

cloud1555

pale1822

wane1832

film1844

dull1862

gauze1876

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 107 Of thought, which in min herte falleth, Whan it is night min hede appalleth.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 24 The night doth folowe, appallith all his chere, Whan Western wawis his stremys overclose.

†2. figurative. To wax faint or feeble in any characteristic quality; to fade, fail, decay. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1315 Shoreham 91 Ther [in heaven]..none swetnesse appalleth.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. i. 2 b Their youth by ful great displeasaunce Gan to appall.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiii. f. xxxii The fayth of Criste began sore to Apalle.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vi. sig. F4 Therewith her wrathfull courage gan appall .

†3. To lose flavour, savour, or briskness; to become flat or stale, as fermented liquor when left exposed to the air. Obsolete. Cf. pall v.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > become insipid [verb (intransitive)]

pall1440

appal1528

flatten1692

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [verb (intransitive)] > lose flavour or become flat

appal1528

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. (1557) 226/1 If the salt once appalle, the woorde muste nedes waxe vnsauery.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 433/1 I appalle, as drinke dothe or wyne, whan it leseth his colour, or ale whan it hath stande longe. Je appalys. This wyne is appaled all redy.

1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1619) (ed. 2, 1619) 622/2 He found the wine wel watered before that it had stood a pawling long.

†4. To lose heart or resolution; become dismayed. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)]

heavyOE

fallOE

droopena1225

lourc1290

droopc1330

to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350

dullc1374

fainta1375

languora1375

languisha1382

afflicta1393

gloppen?a1400

weary1434

appalc1450

to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450

peak1580

dumpc1585

mopea1592

sink1603

bate1607

deject1644

despond1655

alamort?1705

sadden1718

dismal1780

munge1790

mug1828

to get one's tail down1853

to have (also get) the pip1881

shadow1888

to have (one's) ass in a sling1960

c1450 Vox Populi 206 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 275 Yf theise men appall, And lacke when you do call.

II. transitive.

†5. To make pale, to cause to lose or change colour. Obsolete. rare. Cf. appale v. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (transitive)] > make pale

appalc1386

blenkc1400

blaiken1570

blancha1616

etiolate1831

blench1845

etiolize1891

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 357 Hir liste nat apalled [v.r. appalled, appallid] for to be Ne on the morwe vnfeestlich for to se.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv Whordome appalleth the countenance, it dulleth the spirits.

†6. figurative. To cause to fade or cease to flourish; to dim, weaken, enfeeble, impair. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > dismay

dismay1297

amayc1330

mayc1380

esmay1393

asmayc1420

formayc1470

esbay1480

astonish1535

appal1548

consternate1651

repall1687

aghast1876

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2189 Whan his name apalled [v.r. appelled, -alled, apeyred] is for age.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke vi. f. 22 To appalle or derken your glorie.

1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 26 Restored mee my strength whiche was appalled with feare.

1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 134/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II How often he preuailed against the enimie, and appalled their courages.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. x. 443 To set in strength againe their feebled and appalled force.

†7. To quell (anger, pride, etc.). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)]

temperc1000

keelc1175

slakea1300

abate?c1335

settle1338

swagea1340

modifyc1385

rebatea1398

bate1398

moder1414

releasea1425

remiss?a1425

moderate1435

alethe?1440

delaya1450

appal1470

addulce1477

mollify1496

mean?a1513

relent1535

qualify1536

temperatea1540

aplake1578

slack1589

relaxate1598

milden1603

mitigate1611

relax1612

alleniate1615

allay1628

alloy1634

castigate1653

smoothen1655

tendera1656

mitify1656

meeken1662

remitigate1671

obviscate1684

slacken1685

chastise1704

dulcify1744

absorb1791

demulceate1817

chasten1856

modulate1974

mediate1987

1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxvi Wherfore the kyng his yre myght not apall.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 241 God beates his Deere from birth to buriall, To make them know him, and their pride appall.

a. To cause the heart of (anyone) to sink; to dismay, shock, discomfit, terrify.

ΚΠ

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. (1557) 646/2 Then wyll thys poynt as sore appall Tindal in thys debate.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 813 To appaule and discourage the minds..of the mercinarie souldiors.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 59 A man..that dare looke on that Which might appall the Diuell.

1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st ii. 2 Him, who ne'er listen'd to the voice of praise, The silence of neglect can ne'er appal.

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity IV. ix. viii. 190 The calmness of the heretics in the fire amazed, almost appalled their judges.

b. absol.

ΚΠ

1630 M. Drayton David & Goliath in Muses Elizium 206 His brazen armour gaue a iarring sound..which did like death apall.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. l. 200 Thoughts that awe but not appal.

†c. reflexive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys 165 But thus [Christ] seyd, Marye the not appalle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	appal
释义	appalv. Brit. /əˈpɔːl/, U.S. /əˈpɔl/, /əˈpɑl/ Forms: Middle English–1600s a-pall(e, appalle, 1500s a-pawl, 1600s appaule, Middle English–1800s appall, 1500s–1800s appal. Inflected appalled, appalling. Etymology: ? < Old French apalir, apallir, later ap(p)alir, to wax pale, be in consternation; languish, waste away; also transitive to make pale, etc. This derivation accounts satisfactorily for the senses, but presents difficulties as to the forms: the natural representation of apalir would be apale , appale , actually found in 16th cent., in the literal sense (see below); the earlier appall , which points, like all , ball , fall , etc. (with which it rhymes from the 14th cent.), to an originally short a , may perhaps representing the French form appall-ir . But appall cannot be separated from the simple pall v.¹, for the relations of which to pale v.³, pale adj. see that word. I. intransitive. †1. To wax pale or dim. Obsolete. Cf. appale v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > grow dim or lose brightness [verb (intransitive)] dima1300 fade13.. appal1393 duskc1430 pallc1450 cloud1555 pale1822 wane1832 film1844 dull1862 gauze1876 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 107 Of thought, which in min herte falleth, Whan it is night min hede appalleth. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 24 The night doth folowe, appallith all his chere, Whan Western wawis his stremys overclose. †2. figurative. To wax faint or feeble in any characteristic quality; to fade, fail, decay. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1315 Shoreham 91 Ther [in heaven]..none swetnesse appalleth. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. i. 2 b Their youth by ful great displeasaunce Gan to appall. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiii. f. xxxii The fayth of Criste began sore to Apalle. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vi. sig. F4 Therewith her wrathfull courage gan appall . View more context for this quotation †3. To lose flavour, savour, or briskness; to become flat or stale, as fermented liquor when left exposed to the air. Obsolete. Cf. pall v.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > become insipid [verb (intransitive)] pall1440 appal1528 flatten1692 the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [verb (intransitive)] > lose flavour or become flat appal1528 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. (1557) 226/1 If the salt once appalle, the woorde muste nedes waxe vnsauery. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 433/1 I appalle, as drinke dothe or wyne, whan it leseth his colour, or ale whan it hath stande longe. Je appalys. This wyne is appaled all redy. 1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1619) (ed. 2, 1619) 622/2 He found the wine wel watered before that it had stood a pawling long. †4. To lose heart or resolution; become dismayed. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] heavyOE fallOE droopena1225 lourc1290 droopc1330 to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350 dullc1374 fainta1375 languora1375 languisha1382 afflicta1393 gloppen?a1400 weary1434 appalc1450 to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450 peak1580 dumpc1585 mopea1592 sink1603 bate1607 deject1644 despond1655 alamort?1705 sadden1718 dismal1780 munge1790 mug1828 to get one's tail down1853 to have (also get) the pip1881 shadow1888 to have (one's) ass in a sling1960 c1450 Vox Populi 206 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 275 Yf theise men appall, And lacke when you do call. II. transitive. †5. To make pale, to cause to lose or change colour. Obsolete. rare. Cf. appale v. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [verb (transitive)] > make pale appalc1386 blenkc1400 blaiken1570 blancha1616 etiolate1831 blench1845 etiolize1891 c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 357 Hir liste nat apalled [v.r. appalled, appallid] for to be Ne on the morwe vnfeestlich for to se. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hiv Whordome appalleth the countenance, it dulleth the spirits. †6. figurative. To cause to fade or cease to flourish; to dim, weaken, enfeeble, impair. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > dismay dismay1297 amayc1330 mayc1380 esmay1393 asmayc1420 formayc1470 esbay1480 astonish1535 appal1548 consternate1651 repall1687 aghast1876 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2189 Whan his name apalled [v.r. appelled, -alled, apeyred] is for age. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke vi. f. 22 To appalle or derken your glorie. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 26 Restored mee my strength whiche was appalled with feare. 1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 134/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II How often he preuailed against the enimie, and appalled their courages. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. x. 443 To set in strength againe their feebled and appalled force. †7. To quell (anger, pride, etc.). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)] temperc1000 keelc1175 slakea1300 abate?c1335 settle1338 swagea1340 modifyc1385 rebatea1398 bate1398 moder1414 releasea1425 remiss?a1425 moderate1435 alethe?1440 delaya1450 appal1470 addulce1477 mollify1496 mean?a1513 relent1535 qualify1536 temperatea1540 aplake1578 slack1589 relaxate1598 milden1603 mitigate1611 relax1612 alleniate1615 allay1628 alloy1634 castigate1653 smoothen1655 tendera1656 mitify1656 meeken1662 remitigate1671 obviscate1684 slacken1685 chastise1704 dulcify1744 absorb1791 demulceate1817 chasten1856 modulate1974 mediate1987 1470 J. Hardyng Chron. xxxvi Wherfore the kyng his yre myght not apall. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 241 God beates his Deere from birth to buriall, To make them know him, and their pride appall. 8. a. To cause the heart of (anyone) to sink; to dismay, shock, discomfit, terrify. ΚΠ 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. (1557) 646/2 Then wyll thys poynt as sore appall Tindal in thys debate. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 813 To appaule and discourage the minds..of the mercinarie souldiors. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 59 A man..that dare looke on that Which might appall the Diuell. 1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st ii. 2 Him, who ne'er listen'd to the voice of praise, The silence of neglect can ne'er appal. 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity IV. ix. viii. 190 The calmness of the heretics in the fire amazed, almost appalled their judges. b. absol. ΚΠ 1630 M. Drayton David & Goliath in Muses Elizium 206 His brazen armour gaue a iarring sound..which did like death apall. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. l. 200 Thoughts that awe but not appal. †c. reflexive. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys 165 But thus [Christ] seyd, Marye the not appalle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1315
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