gardenern.

Brit.

/ˈɡɑːdnə/,

/ˈɡɑːdn̩ə/, U.S.

/ˈɡɑrd(ə)nər/

Forms: Middle English gardenere, Middle English gardinere, Middle English garthyner, Middle English garthener, Middle English garthynere, Middle English–1500s gardyner, Middle English–1500s gardynere, Middle English–1700s gardiner, Middle English– gardener, 1500s gardeiner, 1500s gardynar, 1500s–1700s gardner.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: garden n., -er suffix¹; French gardiner, jardiner, gardinier.

Etymology: Either (i) < garden n. + -er suffix¹, after Anglo-Norman gardiner, gardener (see below); or (ii) directly < Anglo-Norman gardiner, gardener (late 12th cent. or earlier), variant of Anglo-Norman jardiner and Old French (northern) gardinier, Old French, Middle French jardinier (second half of the 12th cent. as jardenier ; French jardinier ) < jardin garden n. + -ier (see -ier suffix and compare -er suffix²). Compare post-classical Latin gardinarius (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) and the similarly-formed Old Occitan jardinié (1546), Spanish jardinero (late 16th cent.), Portuguese jardineiro (1651), Italian giardiniere (13th cent.). Compare also Middle Low German gārdenēre , Old High German gartināri (Middle High German gartenære , German Gärtner ), derivatives from the weak nouns discussed at garden n.In some early uses (with reference to the biblical story in John 20:15) after classical Latin hortulānus gardener (see hortulan adj.). Compare the following earlier uses as a surname, although it is unclear whether they should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word: Anger gardiner (a1166), Wulfiet le Gardiner (1169), Willelmus Gardiner (1208), Lodowicus le Gardener (1262), Ad. le Gardouner (1324), etc. Compare also the name of Willelmus le gardinier (1199), which shows a form of the suffix otherwise unattested for this word in either Anglo-Norman or Middle English.

a. A person employed to tend, cultivate, or lay out a garden.In quots. c1300, a1400, and a1500 with reference to the events described in John 20:15, in which Mary Magdalene, encountering Jesus at the tomb after his resurrection, takes him to be a gardener.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun]

leightonwardc1000

curtilera1300

gardenerc1300

gardener1340

curtelaina1400

hortulan1526

ortolan1526

Adamist1623

fosterer1628

gardeneressa1645

under-gardener1687

horticulist1754

horticultor1760

yard boy1776

garden boy1798

horticulturist1818

plantsman1881

mali1908

plantswoman1933

c1300 (c1280) Southern Passion (Harl. 2277) f. 17 Marie wende..þ^t hit were þe gardiner.

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 478 (MED) He clepid his gardener þo And asked whi þe olde tre verd so.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 227 Scho wend not it had bene he, bot a gardiner.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxvi. 353 Say me, garthynere, I the pray, If thou bare oght my Lord away?

1579 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 80 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Raiking To James Ȝuill gardiner for raiking and making of the kirk flure xvj s.

1647–8 J. Jeffreys in Business & Househ. Accts. (2012) 287 I gave the gardiner, John Suler, and Richard Coombe for setting sweete brier rootes in Homcastle walk: 6d.

1662 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 462 Her husband..lived as a gardiner with a certaine gentleman.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rose-Bay Most hired Gardeners are apt to lay the Branches of Rose-Bays,..preferring their own Advantage to their Master's Pleasure.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 9 I was told..that almost all the gardeners of South-Britain were natives of Scotland.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed i, in Tales Crusaders II. 4 The venerable mother might be seen..now giving orders to the gardener.

1865 J. Ruskin Arrows of Chace (1880) II. 140 I have a gardener who..sees me gather a bunch of my own grapes without making a wry face.

1911 G. K. Chesterton Innocence of Father Brown vi. 149 The gardener, groom and cook had added to his many professions that of an undertaker.

1987 B. Duffy World as I found It (1990) 7 He then worked for a time as a gardener in a monastery.

2007 I. McEwan On Chesil Beach iv. 116 In that summer of 1961 he mowed the various lawns many times—the gardener was away sick.

b. A person who is skilled or knowledgeable in gardening, or who cultivates a garden as a pastime. Also (and in earliest use) figurative.allotment, guerrilla, head, landscape gardener, etc.: see the first element. See also market gardener n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun]

leightonwardc1000

curtilera1300

gardenerc1300

gardener1340

curtelaina1400

hortulan1526

ortolan1526

Adamist1623

fosterer1628

gardeneressa1645

under-gardener1687

horticulist1754

horticultor1760

yard boy1776

garden boy1798

horticulturist1818

plantsman1881

mali1908

plantswoman1933

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 94 (MED) Þe greate gardyner, þet is, god þe uader, huanne he nhesseþ þe herte and makeþ zuete and tretable..ase land guod and agrayþed.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cix. 1000 Avellana is a feld note and a wode note..for wiþoute gardyneres crafte he groweþ on haseles.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 661 An ille tre may na gude fruyt bere, And þat knawes ilk gude gardynere.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.iiij^v Spartium or spartum..is a bushe called of some gardiners frenche brome.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 63 The Hartichoch..is a kinde of Thistel, by the diligence of y^e Gardner, brought to be a good Garden hearbe.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. v. 41 The Syrians are great Gardiners, they..bee most curious in gardening.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 321 Our bodies are gardens, to the which our wills are Gardiners .

1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana iii. xv. 358 Our skilful Gardners use to advance the growth and fructification of the one [Plant], by planting its favourite neer it.

1720 T. Boston Human Nature ix. 445 In a mingle of many different Seeds, the expert Gardener can distinguish betwixt Seed and Seed.

1789 Gentlemen's Mag. Jan. 62/2 That enthusiastic gardener, Sir William Temple..complains of this nuisance, as infesting his exotics.

1841 J. W. Loudon Ladies' Compan. to Flower Garden 70/1 The shoot should be cut off with what gardeners call a clean cut.

1898 E. von Arnim Elizabeth & her German Garden 43 Was ever a would-be gardener left so entirely to his own blunderings?

1938 Amer. Home Jan. 63/1 The ever-increasing number of gardeners who really like to have their fingers in the soil.

1968 Life Mag. 9 Feb. 21/3 McCarthy..does not look like..the kind of vigorous, exhorting, happy gardener of grass roots we are accustomed to in American politics.

2001 Your Garden Jan. 27/3 She's always been a keen gardener and after training as a horticulturist has proved her knowledge.

Compounds

gardener's delight n. (a) (originally) rose campion, Lychnis coronaria; a flower of this plant (now historical and rare); (b) (in later use, usually with capital initials) a variety of cherry tomato having a sweet, tangy flavour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > campions and catchflies

rose campion1530

jagged pink1574

cuckoo-gilliflower1578

flower Constantinople1578

marsh gilliflower1578

wild William1578

crow-flower1597

gardener's delight1597

nonsuch1597

cuckoo-flower1629

fair maid of France1629

meadow pink1660

Bristol Non-such1668

flower of Bristol1672

knight-cross1725

ragged robin1731

fair maid of Kent1813

flower of Jove1840

mullein pink1840

fire pink1848

sticky catchfly1908

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 381 [The flowers of Rose campion] were called the Gardners delight, or the Gardners eie.

1823 E. Kent Flora Domestica 233 They are generally known by the name of Rose-campion, but have a variety of other names; as Meadow-pink,..Gardener's-delight, [etc.].

1947 O. Percival Our Old-fashioned Flowers 161 Gardener's Delight, Lychnis coronaria.

1968 Gardeners Chron. 14 June 8/2 By far the most popular of eight cvs. grown was ‘Gardener's Delight’, not only for its abnormally free-fruiting qualities but for the delicate sweet taste of the little fruits.

2014 A. Bellamy Small-space Veg. Gardens 201 ‘Gardener's Delight’ produces large, sweet cherry tomatoes on a vining plant.

gardener's eye n. now historical and rare rose campion, Lychnis coronaria; (also) a flower of this plant.

ΚΠ

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 381 [The flowers of Rose campion] were called the Gardners delight, or the Gardners eie.

1845 Illustr. Family Jrnl. 28 June 272/1 The ragged robin, called otherwise rose campion,..or gardener's eye, is the wild simple-flowered variety of the garden lychnis.

1947 O. Percival Our Old-fashioned Flowers 161 Gardener's Eye, Lychnis coronaria.

gardener's garters n. reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea, spec. the ornamental cultivar ‘Picta’, which has leaves striped with white. Also called ribbon grass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > phalaris grasses

grass corn1548

phalaris1548

Canary seed1578

Canary grass1597

chameleon grass1597

lady's laces1597

painted grass1597

sword-grass1598

silver grass1600

Canary1723

reed canary grass1762

ribbon grass1786

gardener's garters1820

dagger-grass1834

daggers1847

bride's laces1854

canary reed1884

1820 M. Grierson Lily Douglas iii. 76 The little border in front, planted with rosemary, marjoram, and thyme, a few gardener's garters, knots of sweet-williams, pinks, and sweet peas.

1937 S. F. Armstrong Brit. Grasses (ed. 3) vii. 140 A variegated variety (var. picta , L.) with leaves striped with white is commonly grown in gardens under the name of ‘Ribbon-grass’ or ‘Gardeners' garters’.

2009 Org. Gardening Jan. 67/1 If you've ever battled the green-and-white-striped leaves of gardener's garters (Phalaris arundinacea ‘Picta’), you'll know some spreading grasses can be invasive headaches.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gardener
释义	gardenern. Brit. /ˈɡɑːdnə/, /ˈɡɑːdn̩ə/, U.S. /ˈɡɑrd(ə)nər/ Forms: Middle English gardenere, Middle English gardinere, Middle English garthyner, Middle English garthener, Middle English garthynere, Middle English–1500s gardyner, Middle English–1500s gardynere, Middle English–1700s gardiner, Middle English– gardener, 1500s gardeiner, 1500s gardynar, 1500s–1700s gardner. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: garden n., -er suffix¹; French gardiner, jardiner, gardinier. Etymology: Either (i) < garden n. + -er suffix¹, after Anglo-Norman gardiner, gardener (see below); or (ii) directly < Anglo-Norman gardiner, gardener (late 12th cent. or earlier), variant of Anglo-Norman jardiner and Old French (northern) gardinier, Old French, Middle French jardinier (second half of the 12th cent. as jardenier ; French jardinier ) < jardin garden n. + -ier (see -ier suffix and compare -er suffix²). Compare post-classical Latin gardinarius (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) and the similarly-formed Old Occitan jardinié (1546), Spanish jardinero (late 16th cent.), Portuguese jardineiro (1651), Italian giardiniere (13th cent.). Compare also Middle Low German gārdenēre , Old High German gartināri (Middle High German gartenære , German Gärtner ), derivatives from the weak nouns discussed at garden n.In some early uses (with reference to the biblical story in John 20:15) after classical Latin hortulānus gardener (see hortulan adj.). Compare the following earlier uses as a surname, although it is unclear whether they should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word: Anger gardiner (a1166), Wulfiet le Gardiner (1169), Willelmus Gardiner (1208), Lodowicus le Gardener (1262), Ad. le Gardouner (1324), etc. Compare also the name of Willelmus le gardinier (1199), which shows a form of the suffix otherwise unattested for this word in either Anglo-Norman or Middle English. a. A person employed to tend, cultivate, or lay out a garden.In quots. c1300, a1400, and a1500 with reference to the events described in John 20:15, in which Mary Magdalene, encountering Jesus at the tomb after his resurrection, takes him to be a gardener. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] leightonwardc1000 curtilera1300 gardenerc1300 gardener1340 curtelaina1400 hortulan1526 ortolan1526 Adamist1623 fosterer1628 gardeneressa1645 under-gardener1687 horticulist1754 horticultor1760 yard boy1776 garden boy1798 horticulturist1818 plantsman1881 mali1908 plantswoman1933 c1300 (c1280) Southern Passion (Harl. 2277) f. 17 Marie wende..þ^t hit were þe gardiner. c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 478 (MED) He clepid his gardener þo And asked whi þe olde tre verd so. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 227 Scho wend not it had bene he, bot a gardiner. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxvi. 353 Say me, garthynere, I the pray, If thou bare oght my Lord away? 1579 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 80 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Raiking To James Ȝuill gardiner for raiking and making of the kirk flure xvj s. 1647–8 J. Jeffreys in Business & Househ. Accts. (2012) 287 I gave the gardiner, John Suler, and Richard Coombe for setting sweete brier rootes in Homcastle walk: 6d. 1662 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 462 Her husband..lived as a gardiner with a certaine gentleman. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rose-Bay Most hired Gardeners are apt to lay the Branches of Rose-Bays,..preferring their own Advantage to their Master's Pleasure. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 9 I was told..that almost all the gardeners of South-Britain were natives of Scotland. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed i, in Tales Crusaders II. 4 The venerable mother might be seen..now giving orders to the gardener. 1865 J. Ruskin Arrows of Chace (1880) II. 140 I have a gardener who..sees me gather a bunch of my own grapes without making a wry face. 1911 G. K. Chesterton Innocence of Father Brown vi. 149 The gardener, groom and cook had added to his many professions that of an undertaker. 1987 B. Duffy World as I found It (1990) 7 He then worked for a time as a gardener in a monastery. 2007 I. McEwan On Chesil Beach iv. 116 In that summer of 1961 he mowed the various lawns many times—the gardener was away sick. b. A person who is skilled or knowledgeable in gardening, or who cultivates a garden as a pastime. Also (and in earliest use) figurative.allotment, guerrilla, head, landscape gardener, etc.: see the first element. See also market gardener n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] leightonwardc1000 curtilera1300 gardenerc1300 gardener1340 curtelaina1400 hortulan1526 ortolan1526 Adamist1623 fosterer1628 gardeneressa1645 under-gardener1687 horticulist1754 horticultor1760 yard boy1776 garden boy1798 horticulturist1818 plantsman1881 mali1908 plantswoman1933 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 94 (MED) Þe greate gardyner, þet is, god þe uader, huanne he nhesseþ þe herte and makeþ zuete and tretable..ase land guod and agrayþed. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cix. 1000 Avellana is a feld note and a wode note..for wiþoute gardyneres crafte he groweþ on haseles. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 661 An ille tre may na gude fruyt bere, And þat knawes ilk gude gardynere. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.iiij^v Spartium or spartum..is a bushe called of some gardiners frenche brome. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 63 The Hartichoch..is a kinde of Thistel, by the diligence of y^e Gardner, brought to be a good Garden hearbe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. v. 41 The Syrians are great Gardiners, they..bee most curious in gardening. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 321 Our bodies are gardens, to the which our wills are Gardiners . View more context for this quotation 1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana iii. xv. 358 Our skilful Gardners use to advance the growth and fructification of the one [Plant], by planting its favourite neer it. 1720 T. Boston Human Nature ix. 445 In a mingle of many different Seeds, the expert Gardener can distinguish betwixt Seed and Seed. 1789 Gentlemen's Mag. Jan. 62/2 That enthusiastic gardener, Sir William Temple..complains of this nuisance, as infesting his exotics. 1841 J. W. Loudon Ladies' Compan. to Flower Garden 70/1 The shoot should be cut off with what gardeners call a clean cut. 1898 E. von Arnim Elizabeth & her German Garden 43 Was ever a would-be gardener left so entirely to his own blunderings? 1938 Amer. Home Jan. 63/1 The ever-increasing number of gardeners who really like to have their fingers in the soil. 1968 Life Mag. 9 Feb. 21/3 McCarthy..does not look like..the kind of vigorous, exhorting, happy gardener of grass roots we are accustomed to in American politics. 2001 Your Garden Jan. 27/3 She's always been a keen gardener and after training as a horticulturist has proved her knowledge. Compounds gardener's delight n. (a) (originally) rose campion, Lychnis coronaria; a flower of this plant (now historical and rare); (b) (in later use, usually with capital initials) a variety of cherry tomato having a sweet, tangy flavour. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > campions and catchflies rose campion1530 jagged pink1574 cuckoo-gilliflower1578 flower Constantinople1578 marsh gilliflower1578 wild William1578 crow-flower1597 gardener's delight1597 nonsuch1597 cuckoo-flower1629 fair maid of France1629 meadow pink1660 Bristol Non-such1668 flower of Bristol1672 knight-cross1725 ragged robin1731 fair maid of Kent1813 flower of Jove1840 mullein pink1840 fire pink1848 sticky catchfly1908 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 381 [The flowers of Rose campion] were called the Gardners delight, or the Gardners eie. 1823 E. Kent Flora Domestica 233 They are generally known by the name of Rose-campion, but have a variety of other names; as Meadow-pink,..Gardener's-delight, [etc.]. 1947 O. Percival Our Old-fashioned Flowers 161 Gardener's Delight, Lychnis coronaria. 1968 Gardeners Chron. 14 June 8/2 By far the most popular of eight cvs. grown was ‘Gardener's Delight’, not only for its abnormally free-fruiting qualities but for the delicate sweet taste of the little fruits. 2014 A. Bellamy Small-space Veg. Gardens 201 ‘Gardener's Delight’ produces large, sweet cherry tomatoes on a vining plant. gardener's eye n. now historical and rare rose campion, Lychnis coronaria; (also) a flower of this plant. ΚΠ 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 381 [The flowers of Rose campion] were called the Gardners delight, or the Gardners eie. 1845 Illustr. Family Jrnl. 28 June 272/1 The ragged robin, called otherwise rose campion,..or gardener's eye, is the wild simple-flowered variety of the garden lychnis. 1947 O. Percival Our Old-fashioned Flowers 161 Gardener's Eye, Lychnis coronaria. gardener's garters n. reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea, spec. the ornamental cultivar ‘Picta’, which has leaves striped with white. Also called ribbon grass. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > phalaris grasses grass corn1548 phalaris1548 Canary seed1578 Canary grass1597 chameleon grass1597 lady's laces1597 painted grass1597 sword-grass1598 silver grass1600 Canary1723 reed canary grass1762 ribbon grass1786 gardener's garters1820 dagger-grass1834 daggers1847 bride's laces1854 canary reed1884 1820 M. Grierson Lily Douglas iii. 76 The little border in front, planted with rosemary, marjoram, and thyme, a few gardener's garters, knots of sweet-williams, pinks, and sweet peas. 1937 S. F. Armstrong Brit. Grasses (ed. 3) vii. 140 A variegated variety (var. picta , L.) with leaves striped with white is commonly grown in gardens under the name of ‘Ribbon-grass’ or ‘Gardeners' garters’. 2009 Org. Gardening Jan. 67/1 If you've ever battled the green-and-white-striped leaves of gardener's garters (Phalaris arundinacea ‘Picta’), you'll know some spreading grasses can be invasive headaches. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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