communityn.
/kəˈmjuːnᵻti/, U.S. /kəˈmjunədi/ I. A body of people or things viewed collectively.† 1. † 4. figurative. Of things: a cluster, an aggregation. Obsolete.
a. The generality of people; the people as a group. Obsolete.
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Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 128 Bi ther [sc. Christian men's] withdrawing, the comunete of the puple wold be more encreside in malice.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 185 Al þe communite of Engeland ȝeue to þe Kyng þe 1. peny of alle here Godes moeble.
1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. A.2v Sic thingis as I thocht to appertene..in generall to the haill communitie of this Realme.
b. The body of people having common or equal rights or rank, as distinguished from the privileged classes; the commons; the commonalty. Obsolete.
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society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]
folkc888
peoplea1325
frapec1330
commona1350
common peoplea1382
commonsa1382
commontya1387
communityc1400
meiniec1400
commonaltya1425
commonsa1500
vulgarsa1513
many1526
meinie1532
multitude1535
the many-headed beast (also monster)1537
number1542
ignobility1546
commonitya1550
popular1554
populace1572
popularya1578
vulgarity?1577
populacya1583
rout1589
the vulgar1590
plebs1591
mobile vulgusc1599
popularity1599
ignoble1603
the million1604
plebe1612
plebeity1614
the common filea1616
the herda1616
civils1644
commonality1649
democracy1656
menu1658
mobile1676
crowd1683
vulgusa1687
mob1691
Pimlico parliament?1774
citizenry1795
polloi1803
demos1831
many-headed1836
hoi polloi1837
the masses1837
citizenhood1843
John Q.1922
wimble-wamble1937
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > town- or city-dweller > [noun] > esp. as having civic rights > collectively
commona1382
commons1384
burgessdom1661
community1700
c1400 J. Wyclif On the Seven Deadly Sins (Bodl. 647) in Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 148 A gode comynate makes hom have gode hedis.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 128* And all the lordis at thar war, And alss of the Comminite [1489 Adv. communyte] Maid hym manrent and fewte.
1572 Lament Lady Scot. in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 247 Barrouns and nobilitie That dois oppres my pure communitie.
1642 Animadversions Notes Late Observator 4 The same obligation of Iustice and Honour is as strong upon Kings, (and hath ever beene held more powerfull and obstrictive in them, then in any state mannaged by a Community).
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 983 The Commons or Community also chose Twelve Persons to represent them.
?1795 W. Belcher Cream of Knowl. 6 An Oligarchy [is a government] in the hands of the community or commonalty by their representatives, that is, of plebeians.
2.
a. A commonwealth; a nation or state. Now rare.
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society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun]
commona1382
commontya1382
policya1393
communitya1398
commonweal?a1400
politic1429
commonwealth1445
well public1447
public thinga1450
public weala1470
body politica1475
weal-public1495
statea1500
politic bodyc1537
body1545
public state1546
civil-wealth1547
republic?1549
state1553
polity1555
publica1586
estate1605
corps politic1696
negara1955
negeri1958
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 200 Wiþouten Iren þe communete is nouȝt siker aȝeins enemys.
a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 342 Þer is oon emperour, and oon heed in a comunnete.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 108 To prynces and to them that gouerne the thynges of the comunete.
1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 115 Certifying likewise that those with whome hee had foughte were of other communities.
1689 Bp. G. Burnet Tracts I. 68 The other Communities of this League bought their Liberties from several Bishops.
1769 W. Robertson View State of Europe i, in Hist. Charles V I. 77 Europe was broken into many separate communities.
1777 H. Man Trifler IV. lxv. 107 He seemed to enforce this argument, not for the sake of his own country, which he had traduced; but for a foreign community.
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul iii. i. 344 It is probable the number of independent communities is still more considerable.
1882 Harper's Mag. June 107/1 He even saw the desirableness of introducing an element of local self-government into the Canadian community.
1926 Rep. Comm. Inter-Imperial Relations in Times 22 Nov. 9/1 They are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status..and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations.
b. A body of people who live in the same place, usually sharing a common cultural or ethnic identity. Hence: a place where a particular body of people lives.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > inhabitant of a district or parish > [noun] > collectively
shirea1122
parishc1300
sidec1325
commona1382
community1426
township1443
vicinage1647
county1651
countryside1669
sucken1872
1426 in W. G. Benham Red Paper Bk. Colchester (1902) 49 (MED) To the profyt of the comunate of the said toun.
a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. xxii, in Wks. (1662) 60 No mortal man, or community of men, hath right of propriety in them.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 49. ⁋3 Those little Communities which we express by the word Neighbourhoods.
1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 63 Number of sacred hearths; each of which constituted a community or parish.
1832 F. Palgrave Rise & Progr. Eng. Commonw. i. iii. 65 The first and primary element appears to be the community, which, in England, during the Saxon period, was denominated the Town, or Township.
1873 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xi. 407 During the Norman period London appears to have been a collection of small communities.
1884 W. E. Gladstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/4 Many of the towns which, under the name of towns, are represented in this House, are really rural communities.
1931 A. Christie Sittaford Myst. xvi. 123 In this little community of ours the smallest detail is known.
1950 B. Wootton Test. Social Sci. vi. 126 A strong-minded..individual can substitute purely personal choices of his own for those favoured by the community in which he lives.
1977 J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family 32 The Albany Post Road route..extended from the city of New York to the upper Hudson River community.
2006 New Scientist 18 Nov. 59/2 The importance of ‘social capital’—neighbourliness, close-knit communities, local family support.
3.
a. A body of people leading a communal life according to a religious rule; a religious society, a monastic body.
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society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun] > monastic rule > order observing particular rule
order?c1225
religion?c1225
sectc1380
professiona1393
congregation1493
communityc1525
society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun] > collectively
religious?c1225
conventc1290
collegec1380
religion1487
religioustyc1530
monkery1549
settlement1708
community1728
familia1869
society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > [noun]
order?c1225
religion?c1225
sectc1380
professiona1393
congregation1493
society1581
religious society1610
community1728
c1525 Rule St. Francis (Faust.) in J. S. Brewer & R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1858) I. 576 (MED) The wardens..geve noo lycence to ther bretherne to ete from the communyte.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. iv. iii. 196 All Monasteries and Almes-houses, and whatsoeuer spirituall communities, should giue the like contribution.
1658 A. Baker More's Spiritual Exercises 14 By the corrections, and contradictions which cannot be auoided by any liuing in a Religious community, I found my hart grown (as I may say) as hard as a stone.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Communities are of two Kinds, Ecclesiastick and Laick: The first are either Secular, as Chapters of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, or Regular, as Convents, Monasteries, &c.
1785 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xxxii. 389 Pulcheria, her two sisters, and a chosen train of favourite damsels, formed a religious community..and devoted several hours of the day and night to the exercises of prayer and psalmody.
1820 W. Scott Monastery I. i. 88 This..was a more inexpiable crime in the eyes of the Abbot and Community of Saint Mary's.
1872 J. S. van Dyke Popery 245 Father Hecker—founder of the community of Paulist Fathers, New York.
1936 E. Goudge City of Bells vii. 165 The disciplinary measure practised by the first Abbot, that of walling up alive indiscreet members of the community, has been discontinued.
1986 S. Churcher N.Y. Confid. iv. 109 One frequently publicized local Zen community, Greyston,..has as its sensei, or abbot, Bernard Glassman.
2001 Church Times 7 Dec. 13/1 Dame Joanna is Abbess of the enclosed Benedictine community at Stanbrook Abbey.
b. A body of people practising communal living (esp. with shared ownership of property) on ideological or political grounds; More generally: a commune (commune n.1 3).
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society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > non-Marxist or Leninist communism > involving socialistic communities > community of
community1813
communism1840
phalanx1840
Concordium1841
phalanstère1842
phalanstery1850
commune1875
1813 R. Owen New View Society 55 These principles, applied to the community at New Lanark..effected a complete change on the general character of the village.
1819 Monthly Rev. June 221 Those..who have seen in late accounts of travels in the Western States a notice of the village of Harmony..will be prepared to form an idea of this singular community.
1844 R. W. Emerson Essays 2nd Ser. 289 Following, or advancing beyond the ideas of St. Simon, of Fourier, and of Owen, three communities have already been formed in Massachusetts.
1874 R. D. Owen Threading my Way 255 New Harmony, therefore, is not now a community; but, as was originally intended, a central village.
1955 F. Thistlethwaite Great Exper. v. 121 The Perfectionists..in their community at Oneida..indulged an elaborately eugenical promiscuity.
1967 D. L. Thomas Plungers & Peacocks v. 80 For several years he lived in a ‘free love’ community in New York State.
2002 Foreign Policy Nov. 36/1 The Owenites had hit upon the idea of ‘socialism’..and set out to demonstrate its efficacy by means of experimental communities.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > cluster
lumpc1380
clustera1400
knotc1400
community?1541
plump1553
clustering1576
clumpa1586
grove1667
skein1709
snuggle1901
?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Cjv, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens The communytees of vlceres that last longe tyme that are vncurable. [Cf. Galen Therap. iv. iv, αἱ κοινότητες αἱ τῶν χρονίων ἑλκῶν.]
5.
a. Originally: the adherents of a religion considered in their entirety. Later also more generally: a group of people distinguished by shared circumstances of nationality, race, religion, sexuality, etc.; esp. such a group living within a larger society from which it is distinct.In quot. 1888 apparently used specifically of the Jewish community in London.
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1713 R. Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking II. xxxv. 3 Ἐκκλησία..means diffusively the whole Community of the Christian Name.
1817 ‘D. Hughson’ Walks through London 331 Adjoining is an almshouse, for twelve aged poor, and the whole is supported solely by the Jewish community.
1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. iii. 77 The Dutch community of the reformed religion in London subscribed 9005 florins.
1888 A. Levy Reuben Sachs vi. 69 The Community had come back in a body from country and seaside, in time for the impending religious festivals.
1898 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 121 The university-going class among the Roman Catholic community.
1936 M. R. Anand Coolie v. 323 Some of the Anglo-Indian community in Simla are the very limit, you know!
1968 E. Cleaver Soul on Ice ii. ii. 87 Uncle Toms..control the Negro community on behalf of the white power structure.
1983 Amer. Speech 58 i. 66 This ‘clone mentality’..has come under increasing attack in the last several years from members of the gay community.
1989 Time 6 Nov. 60/2 Also opposed were militia commanders of Lebanon's large Shi'ite Muslim community.
2006 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 19/2 Mecca and Medina..are the patrimony of the worldwide Muslim community.
b. A group of people who share the same interests, pursuits, or occupation, esp. when distinct from those of the society in which they live.
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society > society and the community > [noun] > a division of human society > having values or interests in common
world1548
commonwealth1551
fraternity1565
community1757
1757 Compend. Most Approved Mod. Trav. I. 256 The rendezvous of this scientific community, was at Rome; where they spent the winter in studying the antient history and geography of the places they intended to visit.
1789 J. P. Andrews Anecd. Pref. p. vii The literary community would be treated with more regard than they generally meet.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xv. 263 Exposing frauds which threatened the commercial community.
1892 A. C. Gunter Miss Dividends (1893) 257 An institution..implacable in its pursuit of train robbers, highwaymen, and others that raid the precious things the business community intrust to it.
1959 ‘F. Newton’ Jazz Scene v. 88 The savage hostility to ‘Uncle Tom’ musicians, which for the first time split the community of jazz players.
1969 Guardian 5 Feb. 3/1 The Kremlin's thought-police are moving in slowly, circumspectly, on the Soviet scientific community.
1988 S. Gray How's that for telling 'em, Fat Lady? ii. 107 Nathan went on to complain about the lack of any kind of theatre community in Los Angeles.
2001 Weekly Standard (Nexis) 3 Dec. 22 The intelligence community has almost no knowledge of the rebarbative languages spoken in or around Afghanistan.
c. A group of nations claiming unity of purpose or common interests. Cf. European Community at European adj. 5b, international community n. at international adj. and n. Compounds.
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society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > ally > group of allied states
community1780
international community1832
Amphictyony1835
power bloc1925
power block1928
axis1936
club1950
1780 G. Chalmers Polit. Ann. Present United Colonies i. xix. 568 The states of Holland had, at the death of Hudson, been admitted into the community of nations by the acknowledgement of their independence.
1800 J. Bowles Refl. Concl. War 5 Great Britain..considered as a member of that European Community, of which she necessarily forms a part.
1829 J. S. Mill Let. 7 Nov. in Wks. (1963) XII. 39 That active and important member of the European community [sc. France].
1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 339/2 If Bolivia, Paraguay, the Argentine Confederation, and Buenos Ayres would unite and form a community of nations, neither filibustering hosts nor imperial fleets could be feared.
1902 Amer. Hist. Rev. 8 47 As a member of the European community Great Britain has relations with all the other powers of Europe.
1957 Economist 12 Oct. Suppl. 1 A treaty to set up a European Economic Community signed at Rome in March by six countries.
1976 J. Wheeler-Bennett Friends, Enemies & Sovereigns iv. 125 Germany's rearmament in accordance with her membership of the European Defence Community.
2007 Guardian 16 Feb. 35/4 Regional trade blocks..are in the process of merging to form a South American Community of Nations modelled on the EU.
6. With definite article. The civic body to which all belong; the public; society.See also care in the community n. and adj. at care n.1 Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > [noun]
commonaltyc1300
commonweal?a1400
commonality?c1400
commonwealth1445
weal-public1495
weal1513
society1566
public1621
leviathan1651
community1737
general public1854
collectivity1881
(le) tout Paris1894
John Q.1922
Joe Citizen1932
1737 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 172/1 This Scheme is..calculated..to Rob Peter to pay Paul, or, to remove ye Burthen from one Part of the Community, and lay it upon another.
1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) xviii. §2 The good of the community cannot require that any act should be made an offence which is not liable in some way or other to be detrimental to the community.
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. ix. 157 Mercy to a criminal may be gross injustice to the community . View more context for this quotation
1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley ii. 26 Such men become..a burden to the community.
1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 793/2 He has imposed himself for fifty years upon his associates and friends and the community at large.
1930 D. Runyon in Collier's 13 Sept. 7/1 They are always doing something which is considered a knock to the community, such as robbing people.
1967 M. McLuhan & Q. Fiore Medium is Massage 12 Electrical information devices..are causing a very serious dilemma between our claim to privacy and the community's need to know.
2007 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 141/1 Local tax-payers resist the idea that support of libraries and hospitals must now rest with the community as a whole.
7. A group of animals or plants in the same place; (Ecology) a group of organisms growing or living together in natural conditions or occupying a specified area.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > population > [noun] > type of
swarm1560
isotype1881
habitat group1898
guild1903
microcolony1925
thanatocœnosis1953
ecomorph1954
community1957
subpopulation1959
micropopulation1966
1746 J. Hervey Refl. Flower-garden 112 in Medit. among Tombs This frugal Community [of insects] are wisely employed in..collecting a copious Stock of the most balmy Treasures.
1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) ii. iii. 87 Pistia stratiotes, a very singular aquatic plant..associates in large communities, or floating islands.
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion iv. 161 Creatures, that in communities exist..The gilded summer Flies. View more context for this quotation
1843 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 12 i. 174 I know of one locality where the whole numerous community of Bengal Hoonumans appears to consist of males only.
1899 Nat. Sci. 14 114 In English we have named these unions or communities ‘Plant Associations’.
1909 E. Warming et al. Oecol. Plants xxvi. 91 The term ‘community’ implies a diversity but at the same time a certain organized uniformity in the units.
1957 Encycl. Brit. III. 607/2 The idea of the animal community and of the fully integrated biological community or biocoenosis is largely the result of the study of shallow water populations in the sea.
2006 Trop. Fish Nov. 25/2 If they have the protection of an anemone then most clownfish are perfectly capable of looking after themselves in a mixed community of fish.
8. An online facility, such as an electronic bulletin board, forum, or chat room, where users can share information or discuss topics of mutual interest.
ΚΠ
1988 Re: Cyberpunk Vocab. in alt.cyberpunk (Usenet newsgroup) 8 Feb. More talk from tech. The Net—loosely organized collective of bbs systems, mainframes, and micros. Any kind of electronic community in which info is exchanged.
1997 Internet Mag. Jan. 74/3 As AOL is a community you can talk to other members either through email or live chat.
2007 M. Miller Absolute Beginner's Guide Computer Basics (ed. 4) v. v. 289 If you want to create your own personal blog, look for a blog hosting community. These websites offer easy-to-use software tools to build and maintain your blog.
II. A shared or common quality or state.† 13.
9.
a. Life in association with others; the social state. Frequently as in community.
ΘΚΠ
society > [noun]
worlda1453
communitya1475
society1533
symbiosis1622
societism1874
a1475 in J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 1.110 Communete [a1425 Bodl. Ȝif Crist wolde for pryde do þis myracle..he wolde in comunalte do þis dede, and not þus oonli in desert].
?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome lv. 206 There are degrees of communitie; to liue, that is to say, to eate and drinke together is very good,..but to thinke to haue all things common..is to peruert all.
1632 H. Hawkins tr. G. P. Maffei Fuga Sæculi To Reader sig. ã 3 My End in this worke to haue been, to make a choyce of Liues, not led so much in Solitude, as in Community.
1652 J. Shirley Brothers iv. i, in Six New Playes (1653) Confined To cells, and unfrequented woods, they knew not The fierce vexation of community.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 522. ⁋1 [Marriage] is the foundation of community, and the chief band of society.
1850 E. Bennett Oliver Goldfinch xxi. 110 The majesty, and justice, and righteousness of the law says..that it is a heineous [sic] crime against community; and forthwith the offender is seized.
1880 Hyde Clarke in Nature 203 The dog, either in community (commonly called wild) or in the domesticated state.
1936 T. S. Eliot Coll. Poems 1909–62 (1974) 168 There is no life that is not in community.
1963 Mariner's Mirror 49 312 In a shifting and deracinated society anything that can strengthen the ties of community has surely more than an academic value.
b. Social cohesion; mutual support and affinity such as is derived from living in a community (cf. sense 2b).
ΚΠ
1891 G. A. Knight in T. C. Fletcher Life & Reminisc. Gen. W. T. Sherman 338 Within the education of our people we found the spirit of community and that fealty to the law of nations that told us intuitively that we should deal with the dead monarch in a spirit that became us as a people.
1947 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Post 6 Sept. 6/2 Let us work to restore that wonderful sense of community which marked the old days: bring back the folkways of the village and small town, where strangers nod to each other in passing.
1964 Times 16 Sept. 10/3 The site [of the Olympic village] is within reach of the main Tokyo centres, and there is..a genuine feeling of community about the place.
2006 Wired Dec. 266/3 In a fragmented world, there is a need for community.
10. † b. The right which a person has to make use of the land or waters of another; right of common; an instance of this. Obsolete.
a. The state or fact of being shared or held in common; joint ownership, tenure, liability, etc.; as in community of goods.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > [noun] > collective ownership
commontya1425
communitya1475
commonness1530
commonality1680
collectivity1872
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 24592 I ha noo pocessioun nor nothyng in propurte, but al thyng in communyte; al propurte I ha forsake.
1536 T. Starkey Pref. Kynges Hyghnes f. 65 To this ende loked Plato, where as in his deuysed common weale, with the communitie of thinges, he pourposed aboue all thynge to grounde therin this vnitie.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. (1634) i. viii. 51 By community of power, he is the author of them.
1599 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. R2v The communitie of the mischiefe to all.
1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 285 Anabaptists, that hold community of goods.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 161 One allowes plurality, or community of Wives.
1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling Pref. 1 To rescue the whole sex..from the community of the blame.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 131. ⁋12 Community of possession must include spontaneity of production.
1797 J. Gillies tr. Aristotle Ethics & Politics II. 233 Although our republic rejects the community of goods as repressive to exertion.
1828 C. Lamb Detached Thoughts on Bks. in Elia 2nd Ser. 183 I have a community of feeling with my countrymen about..[Shakespeare's] Plays.
1845 G. H. Lewes Biogr. Hist. Philos. II. 99 Plato ordains community of wives, and interdicts parentage.
1873 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (ed. 4) xxi. 392 A state whose strength lies in the community of interests and feelings among its members.
1920 H. J. Laski Polit. Thought in Eng. v. 147 Wallace traces these evils to private property and..sees no remedy save community of possessions.
1970 J. H. Farley tr. R. Mehl Sociol. Protestantism iv. 52 The totally communal life, with a community of goods, did not continue beyond the first attempt at Jerusalem.
2003 Albion 35 314 These men..focused on establishing self-sufficient settlements (and occasionally practiced a community of goods).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > tenure and rights > [noun] > rights
pannage1392
commonc1405
stint1437
agistmenta1450
intercommon1449
commonty1466
foggage1471
communitya1475
gist1493
commoning?a1509
arrentationc1540
wether gang1561
browsage1570
pasturage1572
feed1575
intercommoner1581
frankfold1609
broouage1610
fellow commoner1612
horsegate1619
frankfoldage1628
shack1629
tatha1641
retropannage1679
levancy and couchancya1691
commonance1701
stinter1701
horse-lease1721
stray1736
goose-gate1739
commonage1792
twinter1846
couchance1886
levance1886
sheep-stray1891
stintholder1894
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 339 (MED) Grauntyd..to the mynchons..j halfe hyde of londe..with all hys pertinences & liberteis in medewys & pasturis..in goynges-out & communitees.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 79 Every Neighbour claimeth communitie to feed his Cattell.
c. Law. The shared ownership of goods or property upon or during marriage; the status conferring this. Chiefly in community of property, community of assets, community of gains, etc.
ΚΠ
1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. i. 50 A community of all property, both real and personal, is supposed to take place on the marriage of two persons, unless the contrary should be particularly provided against by solemn contract.
1816 F.-X. Martin Louisiana Term Rep. 1 100 The plaintiffs insisted..that..the community of goods was to be presumed to have continued till the time of his death... The defendants..contended..that the community was then dissolved.
1828 Jurist Apr. 448 In Louisiana, whenever a marriage is contracted without any special stipulations on the subject, a community of gains takes place.
1861 W. A. Newman in J. S. Mayson Malays of Capetown 25 According to the colonial law [a man marrying without an ante-nuptial contract]..marries in ‘community of property’, and one clear half of his estate becomes the property of his wife and her heirs.
1920 Trans. Grotius Soc. 6 65 In [some South American countries]..there are limitations which affect the power of making marriage settlements... The general law prescribes the régime of the community of assets.
1962 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 11 622 Spouses benefit from a system of community of acquests in most of..[the countries in Eastern Europe]. China has a system of complete community.
2007 Post (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 19 Dec. (Leisure section) 10 She left home and is filing for divorce. They are married in community of property. Is there anything my son can do to get back his money?
11. The fact of having a quality or qualities in common; shared character, similarity; identity; unity. †nothing of community: nothing in common (obsolete). community of interest: identity of interest, interests in common (spec. in Finance).Formerly also as a count noun: †a shared or common quality.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > common character or quality in common
communicationa1382
commonness1530
community1560
1560 W. Painter tr. W. Fulke Antiprognosticon sig. A.vv There is no communitie or felowshyp betwene certenty and vncertayntie.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. ii. 20 Men, who ought euen naturally to be vnited, by the communitie of their kind.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 21 I will first consider their Communities and then their Proprieties. Their Communities are Principally three. First they are all Round, etc.
1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 18 in Anat. Plants The Communities and Differences of the Contents of Vegetables.
1706 T. Wise in R. Cudworth Confut. of Reason & Philos. of Atheism I. Introd. 30 Whenever the antient Fathers apply'd to the Godhead the Term specifical, or call'd it a Species, they meant no more in it, than to denote its Community to and Predicability of the three Divine Hypostases.
1843 W. Wordsworth in C. Wordsworth Mem. (1851) II. xxxv. 35 The resemblance between them, or rather the points of community in their nature.
1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma v. 150 The human mind is now drawing away from reliance on miracles, coming to perceive the community of character which pervades them all.
1883 J. R. Seeley Expansion of Eng. i. 11 There are..three ties by which states are held together, community of race, community of religion, community of interest.
1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 334/1 Between the Bourbons of the South and the worker and immigrant of the North there has been no community of belief.
1955 Times 9 May 8/6 Increased cooperation within the Balkan pact would establish a useful example of a fruitful and lively community of interest among peoples.
1998 J. M. Woody Freedom's Embrace xi. 284 Can freedom serve as a common ideal that will give individuals some community of purpose?
12. The fact of being in communion; social intercourse; fellowship, amity.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [noun]
ymonec888
i-mennessec1050
meanc1175
ferredc1200
fellowshipa1225
fellowredc1230
sameningc1230
companyc1275
monec1300
conversationc1340
meanness1340
affinity?c1400
companyingc1443
compernagea1500
frequentation?1520
society1529
convoying1543
companionship1548
companyship1548
combining1552
haunt1552
community1570
unition1584
consociation1593
companionry1595
sodality1602
conversinga1610
converse1610
consorting1611
consociety1624
consociating1625
togetherness1656
association1659
consortiona1682
sociality1758
mixture1764
junction1783
consortation1796
conversancy1798
mingling1819
companionage1838
boon companionship1844
mateship1849
1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme iii. f. 62v While God reigneth by hys spirit in vs, men haue a certaine communitie with God in this world.
c1610–15 tr. St. Basil of Caesarea Life Holie Iulita in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 182 There is no reason or law, that they should have any communitie or fellowship with vs.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity xvii. 63 Such gross..Corruptions in a Church would force the most serious Believers to forsake the Community thereof.
1705 C. Cibber Careless Husband v. 53 I agree in any Community with them [sc. the Ladies]; No Body is a more Constant Churchman, when the Fine Women are there.
1797 J. Wilde Sequel Addr. to Soc. Friends of People 1 There can be no community between us and them [sc. the French], unless by allying ourselves with murder, and sanctioning and sharing in the pillage of thieves.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein II. ii. 26 There can be no community between you and me; we are enemies.
1835 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 434 It [sc. Oxford University] has been for centuries an establishment only for the benefit of those in community with the English Church.
1875 Unitarian Rev. 4 550 It was only of the person of Christ that he affirmed substantial community with God.
1975 G. W. Bromiley tr. K. Barth Church Dogmatics (ed. 2) I. i. 382 For man community with God means strictly and exclusively communion with the One who reveals Himself.
1993 Santa Fe (New Mexico) Jrnl. Reporter 3 Feb. 19/1 He has taken the path his Navajo ancestors chose, community with his Creator using the mind-clearing ‘medicine’.
a. Frequent occurrence; prevalence, commonness. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [noun]
oftnessa1425
oftenness1565
community1595
commonness1597
frequence1603
assiduity1611
frequency1641
crebrity1656
frequentness1664
ofteninga1889
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > usualness
community1595
commonness1597
usualness1653
1595 W. Covell Polimanteia sig. Aa 2 Custome hath made it a thing common, & the communitie hath made it a thing credible, that the worse things haue masked vnder good names.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 77 Seene, but with such eies As sicke and blunted with communitie, Affoord no extraordinary gaze. Such as is bent on sun-like maiestie. View more context for this quotation
1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. B 4 Happie's that sight the secret'st things can spye, By seeming blinde vnto communitie.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 340 The ground or reason that occasioned this expression by an Apple, might be the community of this fruit, and which is often taken for any other. View more context for this quotation
1788 G. Colman Ways & Means Pref. p. iv It is a cap, which..fits all their heads... The few heads it does not fit..cannot be wounded by the exposure of their community.
b. Ordinary character; baseness, vulgarity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [noun] > vulgarity
community1600
vulgarness1642
vulgar1655
vulgarism1749
vulgaritya1774
tigerism1836
plebeianness1840
shopkeeperism1843
vulgarianism1920
corniness1932
kitschiness1971
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour
villainyc1340
churlhood1382
rudenessc1405
boistousness1526
uplandishness1530
rusticity1531
coarseness1541
loutishnessa1556
grossness1563
boorishness1570
rusticality1572
clownishness1576
bouerie1577
roughness1581
clownery1589
swinishness1591
peasantryc1592
inurbanity1598
community1600
rusticalnessa1603
clownagea1637
wildness1639
vulgarness1642
unpolishedness1652
brutism1687
mismanners1697
unpoliteness1700
brutality1709
mechanicism1710
indelicacy1712
untameness1727
vulgarism1749
vulgaritya1774
shag1785
piggishness1796
cubbishness1828
sylvanity1832
rusticness1838
plebeianness1840
swainishness1854
baboonery1857
yahooism1862
slanginess1865
bucolicism1879
vulgarianism1920
outbackery1961
yobbishness1969
ockerism1974
blokeishness1989
1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xxii. sig. M7 Were they all naked, and banished from the Heralds books, they are without any euidence of preheminence, and their soules cannot defend them from Community.
1605 Bloudy Bk. B iij Under this title of honor..to maske his deedes of vice..and with the very sounde of Knight to boulster out the community of his ryots.
c. slang. A prostitute. Also: an act of prostitution. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > a prostitute
meretrixOE
whoreOE
soiled dovea1250
common womanc1330
putec1384
bordel womanc1405
putaina1425
brothelc1450
harlot?a1475
public womanc1510
naughty pack?1529
draba1533
cat1535
strange woman1535
stew1552
causey-paikera1555
putanie?1566
drivelling1570
twigger1573
punka1575
hackney1579
customer1583
commodity1591
streetwalker1591
traffic1591
trug1591
hackster1592
polecat1593
stale1593
mermaid1595
medlar1597
occupant1598
Paphian1598
Winchester goose1598
pagan1600
hell-moth1602
aunt1604
moll1604
prostitution1605
community1606
miss1606
night-worm1606
bat1607
croshabell1607
prostitute1607
pug1607
venturer1607
nag1608
curtal1611
jumbler1611
land-frigate1611
walk-street1611
doll-common1612
turn-up1612
barber's chaira1616
commonera1616
public commonera1616
trader1615
venturea1616
stewpot1616
tweak1617
carry-knave1623
prostibule1623
fling-dusta1625
mar-taila1625
night-shadea1625
waistcoateera1625
night trader1630
coolera1632
meretrician1631
painted ladya1637
treadle1638
buttock1641
night-walker1648
mob?1650
lady (also girl, etc.) of the game1651
lady of pleasure1652
trugmullion1654
fallen woman1659
girlc1662
high-flyer1663
fireship1665
quaedama1670
small girl1671
visor-mask1672
vizard-mask1672
bulker1673
marmalade-madam1674
town miss1675
town woman1675
lady of the night1677
mawks1677
fling-stink1679
Whetstone whore1684
man-leech1687
nocturnal1693
hack1699
strum1699
fille de joie1705
market-dame1706
screw1725
girl of (the) town1733
Cytherean1751
street girl1764
monnisher1765
lady of easy virtue1766
woman (also lady) of the town1766
kennel-nymph1771
chicken1782
stargazer1785
loose fish1809
receiver general1811
Cyprian1819
mollya1822
dolly-mop1834
hooker1845
charver1846
tail1846
horse-breaker1861
professional1862
flagger1865
cocodette1867
cocotte1867
queen's woman1871
common prostitute1875
joro1884
geisha1887
horizontal1888
flossy1893
moth1896
girl of the pavement1900
pross1902
prossie1902
pusher1902
split-arse mechanic1903
broad1914
shawl1922
bum1923
quiff1923
hustler1924
lady of the evening1924
prostie1926
working girl1928
prostisciutto1930
maggie1932
brass1934
brass nail1934
mud kicker1934
scupper1935
model1936
poule de luxe1937
pro1937
chromo1941
Tom1941
pan-pan1949
twopenny upright1958
scrubber1959
slack1959
yum-yum girl1960
Suzie Wong1962
mattress1964
jamette1965
ho1966
sex worker1971
pavement princess1976
parlour girl1979
crack whore1990
1606 G. Chapman Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. sig. Cv One of these painted communities, that are rauisht with Coaches, and vpper hands.
1606 J. Marston Parasitaster iv. sig. F3v Alas my miserable maister, what suds art thou washt into? thou art borne to be scornde of euery carted community.
1642 St. Hillaries Teares 6 The whole wardrope that was purchast with so large a proportion of free favours, and communities, now reduc't to one pore tufted holland suit.
Compounds
C1.
a. General attributive.
community care n.
ΚΠ
1891 Amer. Anthropologist 4 324 Community care and training of the young.
1932 Times 23 July 6/3 However scrupulously measures of community care are carried out, the result is bound to be disappointing.
1968 Brit. Med. Bull. 24 194/2 Community care has emphasized the need to standardize and expand the medical vocabulary in directions outside the immediate disease situation.
2008 Kamloops (Brit. Columbia) Daily News (Nexis) 18 Jan. a11 Moving away from hospital care and leaning more toward community care could cure what ails the country's health-care system.
community council n.
ΚΠ
1894 Evening Times (Cumberland, Maryland) 9 May He attended a meeting of the Community Council.
2002 G. Whitty Making Sense of Educ. Policy i. 22 Combining elements of representative and participatory democracy, by such devices as decentralising the policy process and establishing community councils, citizens' juries and opinion panels.
community councillor n.
ΚΠ
1933 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 25 Aug. 4/3 Community Councillor Mayrhofer.
2001 P. Lynch Sc. Govt. & Politics xii. 223 Forums were constituted as open meetings in which councillors, community councillors and local residents would meet to discuss a range of local issues.
community dining room n.
ΚΠ
1899 Biennial Rep. Board Managers S. Calif. State Hosp. 5 We also are in still greater need of a community dining-room than we were two years ago.
2008 Tribune-Democrat (Johnstown, Pa.) (Nexis) 27 Jan. Apartment and townhouse residents can cook for themselves, come to the community dining room or have meals delivered.
community feeling n.
ΚΠ
1870 J. H. Noyes Hist. Amer. Socialisms xv. 172 They would grow up with an undivided Community feeling.
1931 H. Read Meaning of Art ii. 49 Hitherto the highest form of community-feeling has been religious.
1969 Jrnl. Confl. Resol. 13 193/1 There was a community feeling that combined hope, impatience, and impulsiveness.
2008 Connecticut Post (Nexis) 27 Jan. (State & Regional News) What he really tries to promote is a community feeling at the school.
community health n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun] > of community
public health1617
national health1847
community health1856
general health1870
1856 Circular 18 Sept. 139/4 While this system is so necessary to community health, it is also..disagreeable to..individuals.
1925 C. E. Turner Personal & Community Health 5 The new science of disease prevention and its effect upon..public or community health.
2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Dec. iii. 5/2 He is an adjunct professor of community health at the Tufts University School of Medicine.
community kitchen n.
ΚΠ
1894 Catholic World Dec. 328 We had no other common oratory than the community kitchen; the stove, cupboard, dining-table, bed, and washstand harmonizing sufficiently well with our simple devotions.
1993 Canad. Living Jan. 27 The basic concept of community kitchens is that people get together and cook for themselves and their families, sharing the cost, then take the food home to be eaten there.
community life n.
ΚΠ
1718 J. B. Weston Abstr. Doctr. Jesus-Christ iii. 164 It [sc. frequent going Abroad and conversing with the world]..teaches us to..grow weary of a Community-life.
1860 J. F. Maguire Rome xxii. 258 He assembled a small number of teachers, induced them to adopt a kind of community life.
1920 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 25 629 The school should be a vital force in the community life.
2005 Daily Tel. 8 June 9/1 City centre locations..with the green open space and community life traditionally associated with the countryside.
community living n.
ΚΠ
1875 C. Nordhoff Communistic Societies U.S. 41 The German peasant is fortunate in his tastes, which are frugal and well fitted for community living.
1911 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 37 20 These highly desirable ideals..must wait until we can bring ourselves to attend to..the rudimentary principles of community living.
1959 Manch. Guardian 11 Aug. 5/1 Jordans is a monument to two causes—Quakerism and community living.
2005 Femina (S. Afr.) Feb. 59/1 Some people are already experimenting with community living, while others are naturally fluid.
community politics n.
ΚΠ
1853 Circular (Brooklyn) 25 June 255/2 (heading) Community politics.
1973 Times 6 June 18/2 Graham Tope, a Liberal, swept to victory..on a platform of community politics, or the politics of the parish pump.
2000 Business Day (S. Afr.) 28 Jan. 2/4 The difference in the Volkswagen scenario is that in Uitenhage, community politics plays itself out in the workplace.
community theatre n.
ΚΠ
1914 Indianapolis Star 6 May 9/5 This meeting is for the purpose of forming a Little Theater Society for the promotion of a community theater.
1958 E. A. Wright Primer for Playgoers vi. 179 Community theatres are usually organized not for the purpose of making money, but to satisfy the creative desires of their members.
2006 Weekend Austral. (Sydney) 20 May (Mag.) 10/1 After that I took a two-year course specialising in community theatre, which included storytelling.
b. Instrumental, parasynthetic, and objective, as community-based, community-centred, community-controlled, community-minded, etc.
ΚΠ
1914 H. P. Douglass New Home Missions 72 The church must become community-minded.
1940 Rev. Educ. Res. 10 20 Generally superior achievements for..students in a community-oriented course.
1952 M. Janowitz Community Press in Urban Setting 232 The vast array of community-based activities required for national security.
1961 Time 27 July 28/3 Corseting the careless middle-class spread of the community-controlled school.
1974 Sentinel (Ottawa) (Departm. National Def.) Feb. 26/3 Everyone joined in a community-sponsored ‘hootchinanny’.
1990 C. L. Vincent Police Officer ii. iii. 34 A new..police community centre was established in the west end of the city as an experiment in community-centred policing.
2007 Prestige Prop. (Austral.) (Nexis) 25 Nov. 18 We were so lucky to land in this street because it's very community minded and the neighbours are there when you need them.
c. Designating a facility, service, etc., run by or for a particular community.Some of the more established compounds of this type are entered separately at Compounds 1a.
ΚΠ
1864 Circular 21 Jan. 187/3 Several of the late ones have been largely attended by the neighboring population, filling, with our family, the Community Hall to over-flowing.
1902 Indiana (Pa.) Weekly Messenger 9 July Much of the old professional spirit of journalism..survives in the community newspapers.
1961 A. V. Sapora & E. D. Mitchell Theory of Play & Recreation (ed. 3) iv. xix. 483 The public agency should provide community sports facilities.
1970 Times 31 Dec. 2/7 We aim to be a community radio station involved with the people on Teeside.
1985 Pick of Punch 97/2 Community newspapers can and do fulfil a function which neither national dailies nor local weeklies can perform.
2006 Our Canada Feb. 30/1 Funding for a new community arena—the centre of activity throughout the year for Plaster Rock's residents.
d. Designating a person who provides health care to a local community, esp. (chiefly British) one who makes home visits rather than working in a hospital, as community doctor, community midwife, community nurse, etc. See also community physician n. (a) at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > other types
man-nurse1530
probationer nurse1584
parish nurse1716
day nurse1759
school nurse1836
Gamp1846
hospital nurse1848
pupil nurse1861
male nurse1874
district nurse1883
relief nurse1884
casualty nurse1885
bayman1888
maid nurse1895
charge-nurse1896
ward nurse1899
health visitor1901
practice nurse1912
community nurse1922
scrub nurse1927
theatre nurse1934
para-nurse1942
nurse practitioner1967
rehab nurse1977
1901 Humeston (Wayne County, Iowa) New Era 18 Sept. 1/2 Swedish residents..have introduced..the employment of a community doctor.
1922 Lancet 18 Feb. 340/1 The policy of the provincial board has been to link up all health activities in each centre, and to assist in the appointment of a community nurse.
1954 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 25 262/2 The complexity..of modern drugs are such that the community pharmacist is emerging as an adviser to sister professions.
1966 New Statesman 29 Apr. 610/1 A population of 60,000 will be served by 30 ‘community doctors’ who will work from a single health centre.
1985 M. F. Myles Textbk. Midwives (ed. 10) xliv. 724 The community midwife must keep controlled drugs such as pethidine in a locked receptacle.
2002 Community Care 18 July 27/2 Thank heavens a community nurse is available.
e. Designating an activity or event participated in by a large group or a gathering of people, as community dance, community dinner, community singing, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > singing together
chorus1656
choiring1773
symphony1776
choristry1860
community singing1875
choralism1927
1875 C. Nordhoff Communistic Societies U.S. 428 Favorite Hymns for Community Singing.
1921 Homestead (Des Moines, Iowa) 7 July 21/1 The entering wedge for the development of community music has usually been the community sing.
1929 Encycl. Brit. VI. 139/1 The community chorus movement in the United States was launched in Rochester, N.Y., in 1912 by Harry Barnhart.
1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male ii. 40 We become acquainted with them at community dances.
1979 Guardian 27 June 11/8 The insulting..notion that working-class audiences want only a beery community sing-along on their night out.
2001 Tucson (Arizona) Weekly 2 Aug. 15/2 The common house will eventually host community dinners several nights a week.
C2.
community-acquired adj. Medicine (of an infection) acquired in the community or general environment (as opposed to in hospital).
ΚΠ
1972 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 72 733/2 Patients with clinically active nosocomial and community-acquired infections were listed on one form.
1999 Embalmer Autumn 22/2 Staphylococcus aureus..is one of the most common causes of nosocomial (hospital acquired) and community acquired infections.
2005 Daily Tel. 28 Feb. 5/4 Worldwide, infections with MRSA are increasingly community-acquired and increasingly prevalent among young, otherwise healthy, adults.
community action n. action undertaken (and usually also initiated and organized) by members of a community for that community's own improvement.
ΚΠ
1843 Liberator (Boston) 24 Nov. 186/4 To make this the basis of their Temperance, Anti-Slavery, Moral Reform, Non-Resistance, Women's Rights, Community action and advocacy.
1970 A. G. Frank in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. vi. 230 Any of these public approaches to the housing problem..can stimulate substantial social and political awareness and conscientious community action.
2007 Guardian (Nexis) 6 Sept. (Technol. section) 6 I think if we celebrate where advances are made in the internet that encourage community action, encourage community networks, that would be a very good thing to do.
community antenna n. originally U.S. a television or radio aerial that serves a number of properties or subscribers within a local area.
ΚΠ
1924 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 13 July m3/1 It will be possible for each city block or suburban neighborhood to erect a community antenna for the use of all fans in that section without interference.
1951 Sci. News Let. 2 June 345/1 ‘TV-blind’ valleys and the fringes of television areas are now receiving good reception..with the use of community antenna systems.
1997 A. M. Noll Highway of Dreams iii. 17 The radio signals were picked up by a large community antenna and then sent along coaxial cable to homes.
community antenna television n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a television service using a community antenna to provide programmes to viewers beyond the reach of conventionally broadcast signals; abbreviated CATV.
ΚΠ
1951 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 6 June 4/1 (heading) Council discusses sewage disposal plant and community TV antenna.]
1953 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 26 Feb. 7/2 Placerville's community antenna television system has passed the test of public acceptance.
1981 E. Abel What's News 85 The massive change in video is coming by way of videodiscs, videocassettes, and by community antenna television (CATV) and optical fiber systems that deliver eighty, one hundred, or more channels.
2001 O. P. Cambridge in E. K. Thomas & B. H. Carpenter Mass Media in 2025 x. 118 Cable television began as community antenna television: local television operations designed to make it possible for people in small towns..to receive television programming.
community architect n. an architect who designs housing or other amenities for a community; spec. (chiefly British) one who designs buildings in consultation with the local community.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > architect or builder > who works in community
community architect1863
1863 Circular 26 Mar. 15/1 Community Architect, and Building Superintendent. E.H. Hamilton.
1975 Building Design 11 July 8/1 His role as a community architect came about..when..he started to look for a house with £1,000.
2006 Planning (Nexis) Dec. 10 Under the chairmanship of community architect John Thompson, the prospect of an original contribution must be good.
community architecture n. the buildings designed by a community architect; spec. (chiefly British) architecture designed in consultation with the local community.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > architectural work > within community
community architecture1856
1856 Circular 6 Nov. 166/2 Community architecture—a style of building which shall be adapted to the character of our institution.
1967 Times 17 May 8/1 (advt.) Cumbernauld has been chosen as the best example of community architecture in the world.
1998 Town & Country Planning 67 276/3 A great deal less is heard about community architecture than it was 15 years ago, while a great deal more is heard about the superstars, globe-trotting like the three tenors.
community card n. Poker (in some forms of the game) each of a number of cards dealt or turned face up for all active players to use.
ΚΠ
1973 ‘A. S.’ Preston & B. G. Cox Play Poker to Win vi. 77 Three cards are dealt face up in the center. This is called the flop, and these are community cards to be used by all players in making their hands.
2000 B. McNally How to play Poker & Win Gloss. 138 Closed poker, games such as draw poker where there are no community cards and all of the cards are dealt face down.
community centre n. originally U.S. a building or other facility providing social, recreational, and educational facilities for a community.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > [noun] > place set apart for
social centre1869
marae1877
community centre1899
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > public building > [noun] > centre for recreational or educational activities
social centre1869
community centre1899
settlement house1907
leisure centre1935
1899 School Rev. 7 571 We emphasize once more the function of the school, as a community center, to draw to itself the children and the parents for gatherings which reflect the life of the people and which give it inspiration.
1959 Manch. Guardian 7 Aug. 5/2 A village hall..provides a community centre for concerts, whist drives, dances.
2001 B. Broady In this Block there lives Slag 214 She'd once been a dancer and still gave classes at community centres and retirement homes.
community charge n. British (now historical) a tax or charge for local services levied as a flat-rate charge on adult residents of a community; = poll tax n. 2.The community charge was introduced to replace rates, in Scotland in 1989 and in England and Wales in 1990, and was in turn replaced by the council tax in 1993. Cf. rate n.1 6c, council tax n. at council n. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > local or municipal taxes or dues > [noun] > community charge
community tax1850
poll tax1981
community charge1985
1985 Financial Times 2 Oct. 1/5 People would have to pay two local taxes—a domestic rate..and a poll tax..or community charge.
1994 T. Byrne Local Govt. in Brit. (ed. 6) xi. 329 A ‘ready reckoner’ that indicates what the community charge norm (or target figure) was calculated to be.
2002 Brit. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 32 451 One spectacular policy failure, the introduction of the community charge or poll tax.
community chest n. †(a) a chest in which assets are kept jointly (obsolete); (b) (originally U.S.) a fund made up of individual donations to meet the needs for charity and social welfare work in a community; (also) an organization which manages such a fund.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > for other purposes
alms purse1530
privy purse1565
sinking fund1717
stakea1744
pension fund1757
spare-chest1769
road fund1784
revolving fund1793
community chest1796
provident fund1817
sustentation fund1837
wages-fund1848
slush fund1874
treasury chest fund1877
fall money1883
jackpot1884
provision1895
war chest1901
juice1935
fighting fund1940
structural fund1967
appeal fund1976
1796 W. Tooke tr. C. M. Wieland Private Hist. Peregrinus Proteus II. 225 The large sums which had flowed from my estate into the community-chest [Ger. Brüder-Casse] of Kerinthus and Hegesias.
1918 Lancaster (Ohio) Daily Eagle 3 Apr. 1/4 The causes which will come to this community Chest for relief are humanitarian and patriotic in the highest degree.
1964 S. M. Miller in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 308 Securing representation on Community Chests and the like.
2001 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 2/6 Mr Blair announced..£50 million to support local projects through ‘community chests’ administered with minimum bureaucracy.
community church n. a church serving a particular area or community; (U.S.) one used by or welcoming worshippers of more than one denomination; an interdenominational church.
ΚΠ
1866 tr. Divine Liturgy John Chrysostom 32 Then, if it be a Community Church, and the Abbot be present, the Deacon takes the book of the holy Gospel to him.
1878 Fresno (Calif.) Republican 18 May A sort of community church that might be occupied by every denomination.
1998 Evening News (Edinburgh) (Nexis) 4 Dec. This is the community church and most of our members are local.
2006 J. Greer Life always Begins i. 15 They attended a community church, which welcomed preachers of all denominations to fill its pulpit.
community development n. (a) the improvement of the condition of a particular area or community, esp. with regard to health, housing, education, etc. (frequently attributive); (b) a housing development designed to foster a sense of community amongst residents, esp. through the provision of shops, schools, leisure facilities, communal areas, etc.
ΚΠ
1893 New Eng. Mag. Apr. 220/2 How much more rapid will be the community-development when the level already in sight shall have been attained?
1924 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 4 May 6 m/4 Haciendas del Orinda, proclaimed as one of the most extensive community developments in California.
1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Jan. 17/4 What does the Community Development officer do that has not been done for generations..by the District Officer in the colonies or the vicar's wife at home?
1990 Stud. Family Planning 21 136/2 Family planning services should be provided within a broad and integrated package of family welfare and community development services.
2004 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 29 May This new development in Omaha is turning more than a few heads... [It] offers the added security of living in a community development.
community education n. (a) instruction provided to a community on a matter of public interest; (b) education offered to members of a community whose needs are not served by the mainstream school system.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [noun] > systematic education > systems of
university extension1839
Philanthropinism1842
Arnoldismc1845
co-education1852
Pestalozzianism1859
kindergartenism1872
secularism1872
community education1873
Froebelism1879
co-ed1886
extramuralism1892
vocationalism1901
heurism1909
sandwich1913
Montessori1917
Montessorianism1917
Juku system1931
polytechnization1932
day release1936
essentialism1939
comprehensivization1958
multitracking1989
society > education > teaching > [noun] > other methods of teaching
demonstration1742
bear-leading1766
royal road1793
tachydidaxy1846
object teaching1851
object system1862
methodic1864
community education1873
methodics1883
maieutics1885
type-system1901
direct method1904
spoon-feeding1905
play method1914
playway1914
project method1916
active learning1919
study skills1924
skit1926
free activity1929
hypnopaedia1932
sleep-teaching1932
chalk and talk1937
show-and-tell1941
demo1945
naming of (the) parts1946
team teaching1949
teleteaching1953
programming1954
audio-lingualism1961
immersion1965
dem1968
open learning1970
suggestopaedia1970
suggestopedy1970
distance learning1972
fast-tracking1972
paideia1982
tutorial1984
m-learning2001
1873 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 344/1 He then proposed..a resolution that they meet three evenings in the week for community education.
1942 Atlanta Daily World 14 Oct. 3/6 A number of helpful courses in business administration have been included in the curriculum of ‘The People's College’, which opens on October 19 as a community education project of Atlanta University.
1993 R. J. Lempert & W. Schwabe Transition to Sustainable Waste Managem. i. 2 Governments must also be involved in community education programs to encourage higher levels of recycling by consumers.
2003 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Mar. (Special Suppl.) 14 I've also been promoting community education for kids with disabilities and special needs.
community forest n. a forest regarded as a resource for a local community; spec. a forest, usually close to an urban area, created both for recreational purposes and as part of a programme for social, economic, and environmental regeneration.
ΚΠ
1909 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. IV. 127 Schools and towns could be supported by the proceeds of good community forests, at the same time that water-supplies could be conserved, wild animals protected, and the beauty..of the country enhanced.
1943 P. L. Buttrick Forest Econ. & Finance xx. 415 In America..we have national, state, and local public forests, the last usually called community forests.
1983 Washington Post (Nexis) 18 July a15 ‘Community forests’ established by the government are beginning to provide wood fuel for the hill people and also are reviving the bond between villagers and their forests that once maintained an ecological balance on the Himalayas.
1995 Independent on Sunday 9 Apr. 7/2 The community forests programme, designed for recreation and economic regeneration, was conceived in the late Eighties and has received strong government backing... It will provide a network of new city forests stretching from Newcastle to Bristol.
community garden n. a garden (esp. in an urban area) maintained by the members of a community; (now) spec. (a) North American one divided into allotments; (b) one collectively maintained by a community both for recreational purposes and as part of a programme of social and environmental regeneration.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > other types of garden
grounda1500
knot-garden1519
back-garden1535
summer garden1589
spring garden1612
spring gardena1625
water gardena1626
walled gardena1631
wildernessa1644
window garden1649
botanic garden1662
Hanging Gardens1705
winter garden1736
cottage garden1765
Vauxhall1770
English garden1771
wall garden1780
chinampa1787
moat garden1826
gardenesque1832
sunk garden1835
roof garden1844
weedery1847
wild garden1852
rootery1855
beer-garden1863
Japanese garden1863
bog-garden1883
Italian garden1883
community garden1884
sink garden1894
trough garden1935
sand garden1936
Zen garden1937
hydroponicum1938
tub garden1974
rain garden1994
1884 Sat. Evening Post 5 July 8/3 She..is very proud of her own patch in the ‘community garden’.
1899 Hawaiian Gaz. 26 May 7/1 The experimental community garden could be of great service as nine-tenths of the pupils become engaged in agricultural pursuits.
1980 Washington Post (Nexis) 11 May e1 Bute..is one of the few gardeners at this community garden who tends to his 30 x 50-foot plot every day.
1986 Guardian (Nexis) 2 July Hackney Grove is one of a green necklace of community gardens around north London, each one a testament to persistence and hard work.
2004 W.-M. Roth & A. C. Barton Rethinking Sci. Literacy iv. 78 We develop these claims in some detail by exploring the construction of science and scientific literacies among homeless youth and their efforts to convert an abandoned lot into a community garden.
community group n. an association of individuals from the same community, esp. one formed to advance a particular cause or interest.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization
invisible college1647
rota1660
working party1744
free association1761
working committee1821
Ethical Society1822
bar association1824
league1846
congress1870
tiger1874
cult1875
Daughters of the American Revolution1890
community group1892
housing association1898
working party1902
development agency1910
affinity group1915
propaganda machine1916
funding body1922
collective1925
Ku-Klux1930
network1946
NGO1946
production brigade1950
umbrella organization1950
plantation1956
think-tank1958
think group1961
team1990
1892 C. M. Andrews Old Eng. Manor i. 85 It is not so certain that at any period such lands were looked upon as the property, in the legal sense, of the body of men who formed the community group.
1971 N.Y. Times 26 Oct. 83/2 Public Access..permits individuals and community groups to air their views on a first-come, first-served basis on designated cable channels.
2006 Grow your Own July 7/1 A group of allotmenteers from South Yorkshire has been named community group of the year in a national awards ceremony.
community home n. an institution for young offenders and children taken into the care of a local authority; cf. approved school n. at approved adj. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > reformatory prison > for young offenders
house of reformation1581
reformatory1758
reform school1839
Borstal1907
community home1915
boot camp1978
1915 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 20 542 All plans for community homes and institutional care of the children are..destined for failure.
1969 Children & Young Persons Act c. 54 §36(1) A plan..for the provision and maintenance of homes, to be known as community homes, for the accommodation and maintenance of children in the care of the relevant authorities.
1977 Times Educ. Suppl. 21 Oct. 1/3 Lumping all sorts of children into euphemistically named ‘community homes’ is bound to leave many perfectly normal but unlucky children with a stigma.
2008 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) (Nexis) 29 Jan. (News) 35 The commission..operates five juvenile facilities, 15 community homes and seven daily rehabilitation programs.
community hospital n. a hospital serving a local community; spec. (a) U.S. a local non-specialized hospital, chiefly for short-term patients; (b) British a small local hospital whose inpatients are under the care of general practitioners and which predominantly provides rehabilitation and non-specialist medical services, esp. to elderly patients; cf. cottage hospital n. [Apparently originally after German Gemeindekrankenhaus (compare quot. 1843).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > other types of hospital
general hospital1647
private hospital1763
community hospital1843
day hospital1843
cottage hospital1849
field hospital1861
isolation hospital1891
teaching hospital1963
1843 W. R. Wilde Austria xv. 316 In the country parts, there are community-hospitals, or Gemeinde Krankenhäuser, which are supported by funds belonging to their own parish or district.
1950 N.Y. Times 30 Dec. 16/2 About 75 per cent of expectant mothers who plan to have their babies at Grace–New Haven Community Hospital..are requesting the rooming-in plan.
1970 District Nursing Dec. 174 (title) The community hospital—a pilot project.
1978 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Dec. 58/1 In many cities, a community hospital represents second class care.
1998 A. Sandell Oxf. Handbk. Patients' Welfare 54 Arranging residential care... Community hospitals (cottage hospitals, GP beds) may be a suitable option, particularly for respite care.
community leader n. originally U.S. a prominent and respected member of a particular community, esp. one with an active and specific social or political role or position.
ΚΠ
1855 Knoxville (Iowa) Jrnl. 1 Oct. (heading) Community Leaders. The leading business men of 1901 were A. B. Culver, John McMillan, Walter Elliott, [etc.].
1889 N.Y. Times 11 July 2/2 The community leaders assert that the right to the property was wholly with those by whom it was held, and that..ordinary members were only entitled to their board and clothing.
1975 Facts on File 11 Jan. 10/2 According to a Washington Post report Jan. 5, the government announcement came after community leaders had notified the ELF and the PLF of the government position.
1997 J. Bowker World Relig. 80/1 Among Sikhs, the word takes on a further meaning because the Gurus do not simply teach and guide individuals; they are community leaders as well.
community medicine n. (a) the provision of health care at a local level (esp. by the State); (b) a branch of medicine dealing with health care issues affecting a whole community, rather than the treatment of individual cases; cf. public health n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun] > social or community medicine
social medicine1896
community medicine1920
1920 Amer. Jrnl. Public Health 10 492/1 Community medicine is cheaper and more efficient than is medical service rendered by the private practicing physician.
1968 Times 24 July 4/3 Medical officers..would then be able to extend their role..as specialists in community medicine.
1996 Lancet 4 May 1233/2 University appointments in community medicine, public health, and preventive and social medicine have been cut instead of increased.
2007 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 22 Aug. b7 I feel I can do a lot in community medicine.
community organizer n. chiefly North American a person who works to promote cooperation or coordinate activities within a community; (later) spec. a person whose role is to help residents organize activities and campaigns which promote local interests.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > [noun] > one who arranges social events or appointments
social secretary1892
community organizer1898
1898 Indiana School Jrnl. Apr. 202 The teacher is essentially the community organizer.
1944 Social Service Rev. 18 22/2 Unless the community organizer knows standards,..he is likely to spend some of his time in promoting programs that fail to meet the most pressing needs of the community.
1957 S. D. Alinsky in Chicago Tribune 24 Oct. iv. 1/1 A successful community organizer must respect the dignity of the people with whom he is working.
1998 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 8 May a6/1 Community organizer Lana Teichroeb said coins will be collected to help fund their battle with the government.
2011 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Feb. (Final ed.) 29 Community organisers are intended to build up groups..to campaign on issues and refocus political energy.
community organizing n. chiefly North American the action of promoting cooperation or coordinating activities (later esp. local activism) within a community; the occupation or profession of a community organizer.
ΚΠ
1916 Evening Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 20 May 1/7 So popular has Mr. Fletcher become as a platform speaker in the interest of community organizing and building that..he is booked for 248 nights.
1933 N.Y. Times 3 Dec. e8/2 The final subsection is devoted to community organizing... Various activities should be brought under the division of public welfare.
1964 N.Y. Times 8 Mar. 70/1 Aspira announced that it had obtained funds to train two Puerto Rican students in community organizing at the Columbia School of Social Work and Fordham University School of Social Service.
1991 Tucson (Arizona) Weekly 7 Aug. 7/2 Alinsky's community organizing tactics in the 1960s and '70s raised the establishment's hackles nationwide.
2010 Independent (Nexis) 13 May 4 Good community organising is rooted in the relationships we form and the actions we take, but it also comes from an understanding of where power lies on a bigger scale.
community physician n. (a) a physician who works in or with a local community; cf. Compounds 1d; (b) a specialist in community medicine or public health.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] > specialist in community medicine
community physician1858
1858 National Mag. Sept. 255/1 On the ninth of April last, in company with Dr. H. C. Barnett, one of our community physicians, I started on a trip up the river Min.
1955 Public Health 69 138/2 It is, in fact, community medicine and we are, or most of us should be, community physicians.
1989 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 917/2 Community physicians cooperate with such diverse groups as architects, builders, sanitary and heating and ventilating engineers, [etc.].
2004 Ledger (Lakeland, Florida) (Nexis) 24 Sept. a20 More than 800 community physicians..refer patients to Good Shepherd Hospice.
community policeman n. a policeman involved in community policing.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > with other specific duties
receiver1829
shoo-fly1877
charge-inspector1887
sparrow cop1896
handler1908
courtesy cop1938
community policeman1941
first responder1975
1941 Pointer (Riverdale, Illinois) 9 Jan. 8/3 Chief A. Douglas Gouwens attended the meeting of community policemen..last Thursday evening.
1982 Economist 22 May 40/1 Foot patrols based on specific areas, community policemen, [and] informal liaison groups were widely introduced.
2001 B. Broady In this Block there lives Slag 91 ‘Don't worry. We've got our eyes on him,’ Dave the Community Policeman told the tenants' meeting.
community policing n. policing at a local or community level; spec. a system of policing by officers who have personal knowledge of and involvement in the community they police.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > [noun] > community policing
community policing1934
team policing1948
1934 New Castle (Pa.) News 20 Feb. 16/3 Major Adams asserted that the modern principles of community policing are based on antiquated methods.
1973 Times 24 Sept. 2/6 Community policing, at present one of the most controversial talking points in Andersontown.
2000 P. Beatty Tuff i. 4 The mayor think rhyming sound bites, community policing, and the death penalty going to stop fools from getting paid.
community property n. (a) U.S. Law assets originally belonging to either or both of the partners in a marriage, but considered under state law to be the joint property of both partners by virtue of their marriage; cf. sense 10c; (b) property which is owned jointly by members of a community, or which belongs to a community as a whole.
ΚΠ
1826 Martin's Rep. New Ser. 5 99 The motive for asking for the land from the government was, that it might benefit the community property.
1848 B. C. Howard Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 6 233 In this case, the court decided, that, although the land for which the note was given was purchased in the name of the wife, yet still it was community property.
1892 Catholic World Jan. 565 Now, this is the way Mr. George says God gave the earth to men; it is community property, and hence no individual can acquire private ownership in any part of it.
1950 F. Loesser Guys & Dolls (typescript) i. iv. 42 From a lack of community property and a feeling she's getting too old, a person can develop a bad, bad cold.
1993 Newsweek 25 Jan. 64/2 In most community-property states, the assets of the marriage are normally divided in half. Elsewhere, the shares may turn on each spouse's contribution to the marriage, professionally or in the home.
1997 San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 19 Jan. h1 The FCC rules..don't cover the issues that condominium owners face, namely placing privately owned direct-broadcast receivers on community property.
community radio n. radio broadcasting aimed at a particular geographical or demographic community, and frequently carrying programming made with the participation of that community.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > radio broadcasting > [noun] > radio service
radio network1923
service area1923
programme1929
radio1935
wireless1939
community radio1947
1947 Washington Post 9 Feb. 8 s/4 Ross' remarks on ‘Community Radio in America’ will be picked up from the inaugural luncheon.
2006 A. Hadland et al. Re-visioning Television iii. 37 It is clear that community radio has managed to entrench itself securely in the media environment.
community rehabilitation order n. British Law a court order committing an offender to a period of probation, typically involving mandatory training and counselling.Introduced in 2003 as a replacement for the probation order, the community rehabilitation order was from 2005 subsumed into the generic sentencing category of community order for adult offenders, but remains a specific option in sentencing young offenders (aged 16-17).
ΚΠ
2000 Guardian 17 Mar. 5/7 A probation order will be known in future as community rehabilitation orders.
2005 Daily Tel. 28 Apr. 13/7 The man, who pleaded guilty to three counts of voyeurism, was sentenced to a nine-month community rehabilitation order.
2008 Y. Akdeniz Internet Child Pornogr. & Law iv. 159 A wide range of penalties were additionally made available to the sentencing courts including fines..and community rehabilitation orders.
community relations n. relations between different groups within a community, or between governmental agencies or other organizations and the community that they serve; frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > between persons, communities, etc. > relations
belonginga1616
relationsa1622
community relations1884
1884 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Gaz. 16 Apr. 1/6 But such a recognized disregard of the obligations of law..cannot but have the most deplorable influences upon our own people in their own neighborly and community relations.
1988 G. Northam Shooting in Dark (1989) 179 Instruction in the psychology and problems of crowd behaviour, and the community relations aspects of public order policing.
2005 Voice 4 July 8/3 The number of stops and searches on black, Asian and Muslim people will rise, which will be detrimental to community relations.
community school n. a school serving a particular (esp. local) community; (spec. in the United Kingdom) a school (frequently a secondary school) whose buildings and facilities are available, out of school hours, to the rest of the local community for educational and recreational purposes; cf. village college n. at village n. Compounds 4, community college n. 2.
ΚΠ
1847 Harbinger 2 Oct. 271/3 Our esteemed friends..disposed of the land in such way as to let it fall into the hands of our friends of the Community school.
1920 E. P. Cubberley Hist. Educ. xxvi. 690 Under his practical leadership an unorganized and heterogeneous series of community school systems was reduced to organization and welded together into a state school system.
1967 Children & their Primary Schools (Dept. of Educ. & Sci.) I. iv. 49 Community schools should be developed in all areas but especially in educational priority areas.
2002 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 4 Aug. 14 On-the-job training for would-be teachers is likely to take place in community schools or colleges and could include teaching adults after school as well as pupils during the day time.
community service n. unpaid work intended to help people in a particular area, (now) esp. that undertaken by a convicted offender as (part of) his or her sentence; cf. community service order n.
ΚΠ
1901 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 7 190 It is the one successful exponent of the method of adequate community service by institutional means among the churches of South Chicago.
1970 Times 14 Oct. 11/3 There are strong arguments for making certain offenders undertake some specified community service.
1991 Young People Now 22 Feb. 24/1 Drive for Youth—a scheme which combines outward bound activities with community service and learning about work.
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 1 Sept. i. 2/1 A teen ‘peer jury’ slapped the boys' wrists with only 25 hours each of community service.
community service order n. British a court order that a convicted offender perform a stipulated number of hours of unpaid work for the community or an individual.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > for dealing with offenders
probation order1873
supervision order1938
community service order1971
1971 Times 11 Nov. 2/2 If a person committed a breach of the requirements of the community service order, without reasonable excuse, the Bill provides that he could be brought back to court and fined.
1987 V. Stern Bricks of Shame (1989) iii. 32 Why did..the sentencing court feel that prison was not merited and that a community service order or a probation order would do?
2008 Mirror (Nexis) 31 Jan. (News) 6 The findings will be a blow to ministers who argue community service orders are a tough alternative to prison.
community song n. a song intended to be sung by a large group or a gathering of people.
ΚΠ
1914 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 24 June 10/3 Here among our own social centers..we discover some dozen or more community songs that are now being sung among us.
1921 Homestead (Des Moines, Iowa) 7 July 21/2 Some of the talking machine companies have prepared special records of standard community songs arranged in medium keys for group singing.
1971 N. Frye Crit. Path ii. 128 Yet even in community songs there may still be something of the cleared and protected place, with charms to keep off those who threaten it.
2007 Journal (Newcastle) (Nexis) 9 Nov. 8 A community song project is reaching out to over-50s in a bid to persuade them to show off their vocal talents.
community spirit n. a sense of fellowship and solidarity which is felt by the members of a community.
ΚΠ
1870 J. H. Noyes Hist. Amer. Socialisms xliv. 592 There is an inevitable competition between the family-spirit and the Community-spirit.
1943 J. S. Huxley TVA xii. 105 A real community spirit has developed in the new town.
1999 Times 23 June (People & Property section) 6/1 One of the best things about living here, however, is the community spirit.
community spread n. Medicine transmission of an infectious disease or pathogen between members of a community, esp. as a result of casual contact; = community transmission n.Typically contrasted with transmission where a source of infection can be identified, such as a hospital or household.
ΚΠ
1903 Australasian Med. Gaz. 20 Feb. 79/2 His intention was..to ascertain as far as possible at leper asylums what proportion of cases might be reasonably attributed to community spread and what to de novo development.
1966 Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Rep. 23 Apr. 137/2 Susceptible children entering nursery school, kindergarten and elementary school should receive vaccine because of their particular role in community spread of natural measles.
2020 @WWLTV 15 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 29 May 2020) City officials: There is significant community spread of coronavirus in New Orleans.
community tax n. a local tax levied on members of a community; (British) = community charge n., (also) = council tax n. at council n. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > local or municipal taxes or dues > [noun] > community charge
community tax1850
poll tax1981
community charge1985
1850 Missionary Herald (Boston) Apr. 122/2 They are free from all the community taxes.
1986 Guardian 29 Jan. 6/8 Some people, such as resident foreigners, would be liable for community tax but not eligible to vote.
2007 Scunthorpe Evening Telegraph (Nexis) 17 May 14 Can anyone give an honest estimate how much of an increase, per household, it would take on the community tax to revert back to weekly general rubbish collections?
community transmission n. Medicine transmission of an infectious disease or pathogen between members of a community, esp. as a result of casual contact; = community spread n.Typically contrasted with transmission where a source of infection can be identified, such as a hospital or household.
ΚΠ
1959 Texas State Jrnl. Med. 55 341/1 We have traced one [staphylococcus] infection which illustrates some of the features in community transmission.
1996 S. A. Sattar & V. S. Springthorpe in C. J. Hurst Modeling Dis. Transmission viii. 240 A model that accurately describes community transmission in one setting may not be directly applicable to another.
2020 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 12 May 19 The approach has succeeded in stopping community transmission of the virus.
community worker n. a person who works to assist or improve a community (often for a local authority, voluntary agency, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > one concerned with welfare > employed by local authority, etc.
community worker1907
1907 Chicago Tribune 23 Mar. 10/3 It is not an ill natured reflection on these purposeful community workers that in their zeal..they neglected..self-protection.
1965 Times 14 May 7/3 The B.B.C. feel their series will be of special interest to..church and community workers.
2000 S. McKay Northern Protestants 266 The Youth Council..was set up by local community workers..to provide a forum for young people.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1395- mountain-bellied
- mountain-boar
- mountain-bound
- mountain-built
- mountain-cedar
- mountain-chair
- mountain-chaise
- mountain-circled
- mountain-clear
- mountain-cool
- mountain-cork
- mountain-cradled
- mountain-cresting
- mountain-dew
- mountain-dwelling
- mountain-echoed
- mountain-flax
- mountain-flour
- mountain-folding
- mountain-girdled
- mountain-guarded
- mountain-gun
- mountain-head
- mountain-headed
- mountain-land