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单词 fruit
释义

fruitn.

Brit. /fruːt/, U.S. /frut/
Forms: α. Middle English–1500s frut, Middle English–1500s fruyt(e, Middle English froyte, (Middle English frot(t, fryt(e), Middle English–1500s frute, frutt(e, northern and Scottish froit(e, (Middle English freut, frou(i)t, fruȝt, Middle English fret, fruth), Middle English–1600s fruite, (Middle English fruyȝte, 1500s frught, Scottish frw(i)t), Middle English– fruit. β. Middle English–1500s fruct(e, 1500s fruict.
Etymology: < Old French fruit (later often spelt fruict) < Latin frūctus (u-stem), < *frugv- root of fruī to enjoy.
The form fruct(e in 14–15th cent. English use, and still later in Scottish writers, appears to be merely a variety of spelling (of course after the Latin); but it is possible that in the few English 16th cent. uses of this form, which seem to be confined to immaterial senses, the writers intended the word to be taken as a direct adaptation of the Latin, with the c pronounced.
1. Vegetable products in general, that are fit to be used as food by men and animals. Now usually in plural. Also fruits of the earth or the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > [noun] > as produce of the earth
fruitc1175
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > [noun]
fruitc1175
garden produce1726
green goods1856
α.
c1175 Lamb Hom. 135 Me saweð sed on ane time and gedereð þet frut on oðer time.
c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 392 Þo froytes of þo erthe make plentuus.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 111 We schal beseke for ye frutte yt is on ye herthe.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 28833 Þe pouer man es like þe felde, þat mekill fruit es wont to ȝelde.
1486 Bk. St. Albans E v Booth in wodys and feldis corne and oder frute.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 49 Yf hyt were dylygently laburyd hyt wold bryng forth frute, for the nuryschyng of man.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxxiiv That it may please thee to give and preserve to our use the kindly fruits of the earth.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xii. 43 The answer of our Queene Elizabeth..to some that presented unto her of the fruits of America.
1665 Orders Ld. Mayor London in D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year (1722) 46 That no..musty Corn, or other corrupt Fruits..be suffered to be sold.
1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §3 If the husk or seeds are eaten, they are called the fruits of the ground.
1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 196 At Aberdeen, turnips, carrots, and potatoes, pass, among the common people, by the name of fruit.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany ii. 20 The Breton peasant can turn all the fruits of the earth to account.
β. c1374 G. Chaucer Former Age 3 They helde hem paied of the fructes þat þey ete.1568 (?a1513) W. Dunbar in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 149 Quhilk slayis þe corne, and fruct þat growis grene.figurative.c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. i. 3 Thise ben tho that..destroyen the corn plentyuos of fruites of resone.1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Henry VI. xxxix See here the pleasaunt fruytes that many princes reape.1709 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs (ed. 2) ii. 156 Celestial Fruits on earthly Ground From Faith and Hope may grow.a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) ii. 155 The only fruit which he could reap from a victory.
2. The edible product of a plant or tree, consisting of the seed and its envelope, esp. the latter when it is of a juicy pulpy nature, as in the apple, orange, plum, etc. †tree of fruit = fruit tree n. at Compounds 2.As denoting an article of food, the word is popularly extended to include certain vegetable products that resemble ‘fruits’ in their qualities, e.g. the stalks of rhubarb.
a. collective in singular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > edible product or fruit > [noun]
ovesteOE
fruit?c1225
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [noun]
appleeOE
fruit?c1225
fruitage1610
fructuage1650
fruitages1693
fruitery1708
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 119 Figer is ancunes treo þe bereð swete frut þet me cleopeð figes.
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 69 Al oþer trees of fruyte.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1044 Þe fayrest fryt þat may in folde growe, As orenge & oþer fryt.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 75 I ne apreve nouȝt almaundis ne noon oþer vaperous fruyt: as notis eiþir walnotis eiþer avellanes.
1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 12 Of fruyt shall ye here named Peres apples plommes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 62 The berries, whiche is the fruite, are redde.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §432 The lowness of the Bough, where the Fruit cometh, maketh the Fruit greater.
1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants iv. iii. v. 186 The Fruit, strictly so called, is, A Fleshy Uterus, which grows more moist and Pulpy, as the Seed ripens.
1706 A. Pope Let. 10 Apr. in Corr. (1956) I. 16 We take Branches from a Tree, to add to the Fruit.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 27 [Bats] devouring indiscriminately every kind of fruit.
figurative.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 202 Þi flesch hwet frut bereð hit.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 98 Heroes, whose Etherial Root, Is Jove himself, and Cæsar is the Fruit . View more context for this quotation1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lix. 263 [He] sees the fruit of his dishonest industry ripen beyond his hopes.
b. with a and plural, as denoting a kind of fruit.
ΚΠ
α.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 216 Ðat he sulde him ðer loken fro A fruit ðe kenned wel and wo.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 11667 Scho..sau a frout..Men clepes palmes in þat land.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 261 Þou schalt purge colre wiþ a decoccioun of fretis.
c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 667 Speke..For frutes a-fore mete to ete þem fastyngely.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 191 The treis..Chargit vith froytis [1489 Adv. frutis] on syndri vis.
a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. B3v Our fruites and graines be apples, nuttes, and corne.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine i. iv. 11 Dates, Almonds, Nuts..Pomegranates and other severall fruits.
1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 540/1 The glow of ripe fruits and declining leaves mark the autumn.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 28 Fruits and cream Served in the weeping elm.
1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 886 This fruit [currants] is of a violet colour, and hangs in long loose bunches.
β. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 70 Planted withe treis of verdure of divers fructis.1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. B To taste, and smell..Delicious fruictis, whilks in that tyme abound.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 6 Excepte spice and Vine, and sum fructes.
c. An individual product of a tree. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > edible product or fruit > [noun] > as individual product
fruit1873
1873 C. Robinson New S. Wales 26 The Mandarin has borne 4,200 fruits in the year.
d. Proverbs.
ΚΠ
α.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 38 Wers tre wer frouit it beris.
a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 128 Often times prowith the frwight after the stok that hit cometh off.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 114 The weakest kind of fruite drops earliest to the ground. View more context for this quotation
a1639 J. Dyke Right Receiving of Christ (1640) xiii. 176 No roote no fruite.
β. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 165 Sindrie tymes we se That rycht gude fruct cumis of ane gude tre.
e. old (tin of) fruit: a term of familiar address. (Cf. old bean n.) slang.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > familiar form of address
mon amic1425
matec1500
boy1532
old lad1594
old boy1602
captaina1616
mon cher1673
old chap1823
old man1828
ou maat1838
boysie1846
old top1856
boetie1867
bra1869
cocker1888
mon vieux1888
face1891
yessir1892
George1903
old sport1905
old bean1917
segotia1917
babe1918
bro1918
tovarish1918
old egg1919
midear1921
old (tin of) fruit1923
sport1923
mush1936
cowboy1961
coz1961
wack1963
yaar1963
John1982
1923 Daily Mail 8 Feb. 6 Was she simply bursting to address him Gaily as her ‘dear old tin of fruit’?
1928 Daily Mail 25 July 10/6 Then their politeness. No slapping a friend on the back with a ‘What cheer, old fruit?’
1951 T. Rattigan Who is Sylvia? i. 212 You don't mind me asking, did you, old fruit?
1968 K. Bird Smash Glass Image xiii. 162 Adiós, old fruit. Hasta luego. Go and jump in the nearest lake.
3. A fruit tree; also a food-plant. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > food plant or vegetable > [noun]
victualc1374
fruita1400
vegetive1678
legume1687
vegetable1727
veg1844
veggie1907
weggebobble1922
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree
bearera1387
fruita1400
fruit tree1577
orchard tree1638
fruiter1882
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8239 All frutes he plantede in þat place.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 83v About the tenth of Iune, both the Uine, and Wheate, the two noble fruites, doo flowre.
1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 313 Many of our fruits and most useful plants are the natural inhabitants of much warmer countries.
4. A course of fruit; the dessert. to be in one's fruits: to be at dessert. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > course > [noun] > course after main
after-mess1489
banquet1523
after-course1580
fruit1587
dessert1600
sweet1832
confectionery1847
afters1909
pudding1934
follows1946
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 915/2 The officers being at dinner, and the cardinall not fullie dined, being then in his fruits.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 52 My newes shall be the fruite to that great feast. View more context for this quotation
5.
a. The seed of a plant or tree, regarded as the means of reproduction, together with its envelope; spec. in Botany ‘the ripe pistil containing the ovules, arrived at the state of seeds’ (Lindley); also, the spores of cryptogams.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun]
grapec1400
fructification1764
fruit1785
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. i. 21 In Botany, by fruit, in herbs as well as in trees, we understand the whole fabrick of the seed.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 194 Its flower is that of Plantago, but..its fruit distinguish[es] it from that genus.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 123 Fruits..contain a certain quantity of nourishment laid up in their cells for the use of the embryon plant.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 210 Hypochæris..Fruits striate, scabrous.
1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 174 The low rank of these plants [in the coal-formation] is evinced also by the absence of flowers and fruit.
b. Applied to the boll of the cotton-plant. U.S.
ΚΠ
1854 Florida Plant. Rec. 89 Still they [= there] is a good deal of grown and half grown fruit on the cotton.
6. Offspring, progeny. Also, an embryo, fœtus. Originally a Hebraism. Now rare, except in Biblical phraseology. More fully fruit of the body, fruit of the loins, fruit of the womb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > offspring
seedOE
offspringOE
begottena1325
birtha1325
issuea1325
burgeoninga1340
fruit of the loinsa1340
young onec1384
increasement1389
geta1400
gendera1425
procreation1461
progeniturec1487
engendera1500
propagation1536
feture1537
increase1552
breed1574
spawn1590
bowela1593
teeming1599
pullulation1641
prolifications1646
educt1677
produce1823
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [noun]
childOE
birtha1325
fruit of the loinsa1340
conceptiona1398
fetusa1398
embryona1400
feture1540
embryo1576
womb-infant1611
Hans-in-kelder1640
geniture1672
shapeling1674
pudding1937
a bun in the oven1951
preborn1980
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring
bairn-teamc885
childeOE
tudderc897
seedOE
teamOE
wastum971
offspringOE
i-cundeOE
fostera1175
i-streonc1175
strainc1175
brooda1300
begetc1300
barm-teamc1315
issuea1325
progenyc1330
fruit of the loinsa1340
bowel1382
young onec1384
suita1387
engendrurea1400
fruitinga1400
geta1400
birth?a1425
porturec1425
progenityc1450
bodyfauntc1460
generation1477
fryc1480
enfantement1483
infantment1483
blood issue1535
propagation1536
offspring1548
race1549
family?1552
increase1552
breed1574
begetting1611
sperm1641
bed1832
fruitage1850
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxxxi. 11 Of þe froite of þi wambe i sall sett on þi seat.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds ii. 30 God hadde sworn to him, of the fruyt of his leende for to sitte on his seete.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxiv. 964 We speke vnpropreliche somtyme and clepe þe brood of þe best [emended in ed. to of bestes] fruyte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5445 Þi frut i se be for mi nei.
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 42 Stondyng neyr the tyme that the fruyt shulde be proferid forth.
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxx. 218 Duchesse, take good heede of your fruyte that groweth in your blood.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Bii Thay quhilk takis avay the frwtis of thair nichtburs beistis.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Deut. xxviii. 4 Blessed shalbe the frute of thy body.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lxxvii. 252 It closeth the Matrice, causeth the fruite to live.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iv. v. 24 Vnto the sanctuarie, There to preserue the fruit within my wombe.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 667 As we see Hens eat vp the Egges that they themselus haue layd, so shal we obserue some sows to deuoure the frutes of their owne wombes.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxi. 22 If men striue, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her. View more context for this quotation
a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) i. 2 The Lord with-held the fruit of the womb..so that by her he had no issue.
1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 130 It is hence the more alarming in any period of parturition, as risking the loss of the uterine fruit.
7. Anything accruing, produced, or resulting from an action or effort, the operation of a cause, etc.
a. Material produce, outgrowth, increase; plural products, revenues.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun]
renta1225
winningsc1380
profita1382
profity1432
revenue1433
fruitc1450
luck?a1475
improvement1478
apports1481
penny-rent1502
importance1505
filthy lucre1526
rentally1534
entrataa1538
a quick return1583
incoming1596
entratec1599
advenue1600
coming in1600
income1601
intrade1604
intrado1609
ingate1621
audit1625
increment1631
indraught1633
velvet1901
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product
blossomc1230
fodmea1325
burgeona1340
progenya1393
geniture?1440
fruitc1450
productionc1450
offspring1573
product1573
nursling1591
bantling1593
excrement1600
procedue1602
issuea1616
procedure1626
creature1651
produce1657
parturition1659
outbirth1663
sequel1669
brat1678
operation1774
outgoing1850
fruitling1876
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > products
fruitc1450
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > produce, yield, or return
gettinga1382
increasingc1384
fruitc1450
increase1560
growth1580
increment1593
brood1600
return1614
produce1650
improvement1706
out-turn1801
bag1858
production1878
α.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 202 Þe fruyte & þe profyȝte of þat lande & of beeste in þi tyme.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xx. f. 36 S. B. occupyeth the sayd personage him selfe, withall the glebe landes, medowes, tythes, and all other frutes.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Esdras viii. 10 Milke..which is the fruit of the breasts. View more context for this quotation
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 6 Round her new fal'n Young, the Heifer moves, Fruit of her Throes.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World iii. 86 A dozen of hams..the fruit of this country.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 311 The produce of the soil far exceeded the value of all the other fruits of human industry.
β. 1563 Abp. M. Parker Articles §12 Ani patron that..taketh the tythes and other fructes to him selfe.1568 (a1500) Colkelbie Sow iii. 10 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 304 Quhilk for þe tyme no fruct nor proffeit did.
b. An immaterial product, a result, issue, consequence. singular and plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > outcome or that which results
issuea1325
outcominga1382
conclusionc1384
endc1385
fruita1400
finec1405
termination?a1425
sumc1430
succession1514
sequel1524
game1530
success1537
event1539
pass1542
increase1560
outgate1568
exit1570
cropc1575
utmosta1586
upshoot1598
sequence1600
upshot1604
resultance1616
upshut1620
succedenta1633
apotelesm1636
come-off1640
conclude1643
prosult1647
offcome1666
resultant1692
outlet1710
period1713
outcome1788
outrun1801
outcome1808
upset1821
overcome1822
upping1828
summary1831
outgo1870
upcomec1874
out-turn1881
end-product1923
pay-off1926
wash-up1961
α.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19230 Was neuer þe fruit o suilk bot ill.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 424 Of al oure stryf, god woot the fruyt is thyn.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. xiv. 80 Alle the wyde world is fulfylled with the fruyte of theyr good labour.
c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) iii. 116 Sumwhat now I haue shewid the frutes of both lawes.
c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 268 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 230 Dois worthy froite of pennance ay.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxxiiv The fruite of good liuing.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 191 If you will then see the fruites of the sport, mark his first approach before my Lady. View more context for this quotation
1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms 1 All these Psalms are not the fruit or product of one inspired brain.
1668 W. Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington in Wks. (1731) II. 108 The Fruits of our Conferences your Lordship will find in the Enclosed.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 287. ¶6 Riches and Plenty are the natural Fruits of Liberty.
1786 W. Cowper Let. 13 Dec. (1981) II. 617 The most effectual spur to industry in all such exertions, is to lay the fruit of them before the public.
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. ii. 64 Zingis swept round the sea of Aral, and destroyed the fruits of a long civilization.
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. ii. vi. 119 His going on the Crusade..was partly the fruit of the life she led him.
β. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) Pref. to Rdr. I wishe..that yong M. Rob. Sackuille, may take that fructe of this labor.1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. *iii Lo, heir the fructis, Nymphe, of thy foster faire.
c. Advantage, benefit, enjoyment, profit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > resulting from something
goodeOE
fruitc1230
profit1340
usury1576
α.
c1230 Hali Meid. 7 Þus hauen godes freond al þe fruit of þis world þat ha forsaken habbeð.
1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. ij Thou shalt haue labour wythoute fruyt. And shalt vse thy lyf in perylle.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Worcester v The fruite Of reading stories, standeth in the suite.
1588 J. Udall State Church of Eng. sig. D4v You shold preach foure times euery week, with more fruite then you can doe nowe foure times euery yeere.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 146 She tooke the fruites of my aduise.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 384 The greatest fruit which the Emperour reapeth by the Crowne of Hungarland, ariseth by the benefit of Mines.
1698 J. Howe in H. Rogers Life (1863) x. 219 I read thy lines with fruit and delight.
1858 F. Hall in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. (1863) 7 31 Whosesoever..at any time, has been the soil, his, at that time, has been the fruit of even the previous bestowment thereof.
β. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 79 Off warldlie guddis and grit riches Quhat frute hes man but merynes?
8. (a) A dupe, an ‘easy mark’. (b) A homosexual man. slang (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual orientation > homosexuality > [noun] > a homosexual person > male
badlingeOE
nan1670
molly1708
Miss Molly1754
Miss Nancy1824
molly mop1829
poof1833
Margery?c1855
Mary Ann1868
pretty-boy1881
cocksucker1885
poofter1889
queer1894
fruit1895
fairy1896
homosexualist1898
puff1902
pussy1904
nance1910
quean1910
girl1912
faggot1913
mouser1914
queen1919
fag1921
gay boy1921
maricon1921
pie-face1922
bitch1923
Jessie1923
tapette1923
pansy1926
nancy boy1927
nelly1931
femme1932
ponce1932
punk1933
queerie1933
gobbler1934
jocker1935
queenie1935
iron1936
freak1941
swish1941
flit1942
tonk1943
wonk1945
mother1947
fruitcake1952
Mary1953
twink1953
swishy1959
limp wrist1960
arse bandit1961
leather man1961
booty bandit1962
ginger beer1964
bummer1965
poofteroo1966
shirtlifter1966
battyman1967
dick-sucker1968
mo1968
a friend of Dorothy1972
shim1973
gaylord1976
twinkie1977
woofter1977
bender1986
knob jockey1989
batty boy1992
cake boy1992
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > [noun] > gullible person, dupe
foola1382
woodcockc1430
geckc1530
cousinc1555
cokes1567
milch cow1582
gudgeon1584
coney1591
martin1591
gull1594
plover1599
rook1600
gull-finch1604
cheatee1615
goata1616
whirligig1624
chouse1649
coll1657
cully1664
bubble1668
lamb1668
Simple Simon?1673
mouth1680
dupe1681
cull1698
bub1699
game1699
muggins1705
colour1707
milk cow1727
flat1762
gulpin1802
slob1810
gaggee1819
sucker1838
hoaxee1840
softie1850
foozle1860
lemon1863
juggins1882
yob1886
patsy1889
yapc1894
fall guy1895
fruit1895
meemaw1895
easy mark1896
lobster1896
mark1896
wise guy1896
come-on1897
pushover1907
John1908
schnookle1908
Gretchen1913
jug1914
schnook1920
soft touch1924
prospect1931
steamer1932
punter1934
dill1941
Joe Soap1943
possum1945
Moreton Bay1953
easy touch1959
1895 W. C. Gore in Inlander Dec. 111 Fruit, one who can be easily deceived.
1913 Punch 22 Jan. 72/2 It was a flaw in the new play that its mugs were such ‘easy fruit’.
1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 81 Fruit, an ‘easy mark’. A girl or woman willing to oblige. Probably..from the fact that they are ‘easy picking’.
1935 N. Ersine Underworld & Prison Slang 38 Fruit, a sexual pervert.
1957 K. Martin Aubade v. 79 The way I'm acting anyone would think I was a fruit. Gary probably is. He looks like one.
1970 Guardian 13 Feb. 9/5 He is a fruit, which means..that he is a queer.
1971 Rolling Stone 24 June 3/2 John Mendelsohn did an excellent job acting like a fruit.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. Simple attributive.
(a)
fruit-barrow n.
ΚΠ
1801 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1802) 5 187 Fruit-barrows and the hunger-giving cries Of vegetable venders fill the air.
fruit-basket n.
ΚΠ
1803 Gentleman's Mag. (1804) 7 44 Look at..the fillagree tea-caddies, the fruit-baskets, &c., &c.
fruit-branch n.
ΚΠ
1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) xv. 123 If a Fruit Branch should chance to be join'd with the two Wood Branches it may be preserv'd.
fruit-broker n.
ΚΠ
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ix. 97 Several fruit-brokers had their marts near Todger's.
fruit-close n.
ΚΠ
1882 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) II. xxvi. 317 Inheritance of fruit-closes, and olive-grounds.
fruit-dealer n.
ΚΠ
1810 Sporting Mag. 35 39 The defendant is a fruit-dealer.
fruit-dish n.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. i. 90 We had but two in the house, which..stood, as it were in a fruit dish . View more context for this quotation
fruit-farm n.
ΚΠ
1872 Trans. Dept. Agric. State Illinois 1871 9 65 The first consideration in the establishment of a fruit farm is accessibility to market.
1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby iv. 92 Some neighbouring station, dairy, or fruit-farm.
fruit-garden n.
ΚΠ
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 3 Kitchen and Fruit-Gardens.
fruit-grove n.
ΚΠ
1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 974 The faithful slave Whom to my nuptial train Icarius gave, To tend the fruit-groves.
fruit-industry n.
ΚΠ
1894 Daily News 5 Apr. 5/5 Will the fruit industry of this country find another £100 towards it?
fruit-juice n.
ΚΠ
1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 354 Behaviour of fruit-juices of different ages with reagents.
1947 W. H. Auden in Amer. Scholar Autumn 404 The unamerican survivor Hears angels drinking fruit-juice with their wives.
fruit-loft n.
ΚΠ
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Fruite loft, or place to lay fruite in, or to kepe fruite, oporotheca.
1604 Office B.V.M. 277 Ps. lxxviii. 1 They haue made Hierusalem a frute loft.
fruit-lot n.
ΚΠ
1912 Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 173/2 It is very beautiful up behind the fruit-lot among the rocks and the pine-trees.
fruit-pulp n.
ΚΠ
1887 Colonial & Indian Exhib., London 1886: Rep. Colonial Sections 131 Importing a large quantity of fresh fruit, and what is called ‘fruit-pulp’ from Tasmania.
1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 339 The fruit-pulp is eaten and also prepared into a pleasant beverage.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 28 Aug. 6/1 To avail themselves of any cheap and defective fruit-pulp for the making of jam.
fruit-shop n.
ΚΠ
1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Hist. Revol. Naples (1664) i. 10 He went up and down the fruit-shops that were in that quarter.
fruit-sort n.
ΚΠ
1842 R. Browning Soliloquy Spanish Cloister vi How go your flowers? None double? Not one fruit-sort can you spy?
fruit-stall n.
ΚΠ
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Fruit stall, a stand on the pavement where fruit is sold in the streets.
fruit-stand n.
ΚΠ
1800 Morning Chron. in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1801) IV. 40 Nor do we ever see him..riding backwards over fruit-stands.
fruit-stone n.
ΚΠ
1845–6 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 465 Their nucleus is usually a foreign body, a fruit-stone, a splinter of bone, a needle, or woody fibre.
fruit-tart n.
ΚΠ
1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1619) iv. 624/1 Hee coulde make..twelue sorts of sawces and ten of fruit tartes.
fruit-time n.
ΚΠ
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Fruite tyme, when fruite is ripe, vindemia.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 477. ¶1 I do not suffer any one to..drive them [sc. the birds] from their usual Haunts in Fruit time.
fruit-year n.
ΚΠ
1742 W. Ellis Timber-tree Improved (ed. 3) II. xl. 192 When they sell well, as they do in plentiful Fruit-years.
1811 R. Sutcliff Trav. N. Amer. ii. 27 This was likely to be a very abundant fruit year.
(b)
fruitwise adv.
ΚΠ
1864 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta 214 Fruit-wise upon the old flower of tears.
b. Objective.
(a)
fruit-bearer n.
ΚΠ
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 24/2 Trees..especially Fruit-bearers.
fruit-culture n.
fruit-eater n.
ΚΠ
1483 Cath. Angl. 144 A Frute eter, xirofagus.
1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. at Ampelidæ Chatterers or fruit-eaters.
1883 G. Allen in Knowledge 25 May 304/1 The blackcap..is a confirmed fruit-eater.
fruit-evaporation n.
ΚΠ
1895 Daily News 13 Dec. 5/4 Fruit evaporation would pay British fruit-growers.
fruit-farmer n.
ΚΠ
1872 Trans. Dept. Agric. State Illinois 1871 9 66 The fruit farmer can raise cheap pork in his apple and peach orchards.
fruit-giver n.
ΚΠ
1888 Epictetus ii. x. 74 He will be Raingiver and Fruitgiver.
fruit-grower n.
ΚΠ
1825 G. Bliss (title) The fruit grower's instructor.
1855 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1853–4 1 70 The fruit and fruit growers of seven states were represented.
1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 602/2 The..fruit-grower may..be made independent of the weather.
fruit-keeper n.
ΚΠ
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. ii A fruit keeper, epicarpean.
fruit-monger n.
ΚΠ
1721 R. Bradley Virtue Coffee 28 As our Fruit-mongers do for Cherries.
fruit-picker n.
ΚΠ
1880 Libr. Universal Knowl. I. 164 For harvesting, we have mowing, reaping and binding machines, shellers, fruit-pickers, etc.
fruit-seller n.
ΚΠ
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Fruite seller, fructuarius.
fruit-vendor n.
ΚΠ
1887 Spectator 25 Mar. 412/2 The Italian fruit-vendor or organ-grinder is often a retired workman.
(b)
fruit-bearing n.
ΚΠ
1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (ed. 2) 271 Fruit-bearing without Christ is not an improbability, but an impossibility.
fruit-candying n.
ΚΠ
1889 Daily News 31 May 5/4 Fruit-candying establishments.
fruit-farming n.
ΚΠ
1890 W. Booth In Darkest Eng. ii. iii. 133 Fruit farming affords a great opening for female labour.
fruit-growing n.
ΚΠ
1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 106 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI This perhaps is the best fruit-growing district of the State.
1855 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1853–4 1 135 Fruit growing..has not increased any faster than the growing of other agricultural produce.
1872 Trans. Dept. Agric. State Illinois 1871 9 66 A soil adapted to the growth of forest trees is..the best for fruit growing.
fruit-packing n.
ΚΠ
1894 Daily News 22 Jan. 6/3 I am not going to reply in ‘The Daily News’ to the three letters on fruit-packing.
fruit-raising n.
ΚΠ
1855 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1853–4 1 500 The fact that fruit raising here is attended by drawbacks.
1891 Harper's Mag. Jan. 168/2 California has much to learn about fruit-raising.
(c)
fruit-bearing adj.
ΚΠ
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole Title-p. An Orchard of all sorte of fruit-bearing Trees.
1863 M. J. Berkeley Handbk. Brit. Mosses i. 4 We have the fruit-bearing branches more distinct.
fruit-bringing adj.
ΚΠ
1853 W. J. Hickie tr. Aristophanes Comedies II. 546 Ceres, the fruit-bringing queen.
fruit-eating adj.
ΚΠ
1884 Littell's Living Age 15 Mar. 688 The shambling, fruit-eating, bear.
fruit-growing adj.
ΚΠ
1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 487 Our neighbors of northern Europe are..removed from fruit-growing regions.
1905 J. F. Fraser Canada iii. 32 This jut of land is as rich for fruit growing as Kent itself.
fruit-producing adj.
ΚΠ
1895 Daily News 27 Sept. 2/3 Great Britain has to be seriously reckoned with as a fruit-producing country.
C2. Special combinations.
fruit bark beetle n. = fruit tree n. (bark) beetle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Scolytidae > scolytus rugulosus (fruit tree beetle)
fruit bark beetle1892
fruit tree beetle1898
1892 Insect Life 4 293 The topics treated are the Fruit Bark-beetle (Scolytus rugulosus); [etc.].
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 843/1 Fruit-bark Beetle, Scolytus rugulosus, attacks a number of fruit trees, especially Apple and Plum.
fruit bat n. a member of the sub-order Megachiroptera, which includes the flying-foxes ( Pteropus) and other fruit-eating bats.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > suborder Megachiroptera (fruit bat)
fruit bat1877
1877 W. S. Dallas in Cassell's Nat. Hist. I. 269 The young African Fruit Bats born in the Zoological Gardens were covered with short, smooth hair.
1883 Chambers's Jrnl. 22 Dec. 810/1 That curious species of bats known as the fruit-bat or flying-fox.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 8 Nov. 10/2 The Indian fruit bat..is not a novelty in the menagerie.
1936 Discovery Oct. 307/1 Before the advent of the white man and his cultivated fruits, these great fruit bats lived on scrub figs, berries, ti-tree and gum blossoms for the honey they contained.
1966 V. Serventy Continent in Danger iv. 86 Some of the ‘batteries’ or camps of the fruit bats..number hundreds of thousands of individuals.
fruit-body n. the part of a fungus that bears the spores and spore-producing organs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts
capsule1693
perithecium1800
aecidium1821
hymenium1830
pseudoperidium1832
pseudoperithecium1832
disc1842
trichidium1842
spicule1843
sporophore1849
stylospore1851
pycnide1856
cyst1857
pycnidium1857
basidium1858
cystidium1858
basidiospore1859
conidium1861
pollinarium1861
gonosphere1865
hymenophorum1866
spicula1866
teleutospore1866
promycelium1867
gonosphaerium1873
hymenophore1874
paracyst1874
sterigma1874
pollinodium1875
scolecite1875
uredospore1875
metuloid1879
operculum1879
uredo1879
aecidiospore1880
pycnidiospore1880
uredo-fruit1882
chlamydospore1884
teleutosorus1884
fruitcake1885
ascocarp1887
periplasm1887
pycnospore1887
pyrenocarp1887
macrostylospore1894
autobasidium1895
oidium1895
zygophore1904
aeciospore1905
aecium1905
pycniospore1905
teliospore1905
telium1905
uredinium1905
uredosorus1905
fruit-body1912
sporodochium1913
probasidium1916
fruiting body1918
pycnium1926
holobasidium1928
protoperithecium1937
uredium1937
1912 C. Thom in C. E. Marshall Microbiology i. 13 The systems of classification used are largely based upon the types of sexual fruit bodies produced.
1927 H. Gwynne-Vaughan & B. F. Barnes Struct. & Devel. Fungi 1 In relation to the fruit bodies of higher forms, they [sc. the hyphae] become woven into a dense mass.
1968 Gloss. Terms Timber Preservation (B.S.I.) 10 Fruit(ing) body, in wood-destroying fungi, a structure that bears the spore-producing organs and spores, commonly a conspicuous bracket, toadstool or compacted sheet, with pores, gills, spines, etc., bearing the spores.
1969 New Scientist 27 Nov. 451/1 Only when fruitbodies are formed does the maximum conversion of compost nutrients into edible food take place.
fruit-bud n. a bud containing a fruit germ, in opposition to leaf-bud.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [noun] > fruit-bud
fruit-bud1691
fruit-button1707
budder1818
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 14 Learn first to..distinguish the Bearing and Fruit-buds from the Leaf-buds.
fruit-button n. = fruit-bud n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > bud > [noun] > fruit-bud
fruit-bud1691
fruit-button1707
budder1818
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 147 The Graft very seldom fails..provided it..have Fruit-Buttons.
fruit-clipper n. a fast-sailing ship, built for the conveyance of fruit.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun] > types of fast sailing vessel
carvel1462
caravel1527
yachta1584
fly-boat1590
calvara1592
lorcha1653
runner1699
scampavia1723
clipper1824
clipper-ship1853
fruit-clipper1864
heeler1864
tea-clipper1895
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [noun] > carrying food or water
water ship1653
paddy boat1698
pippiner1725
ark1809
beef-boat1836
forage-boat1848
fruiter1860
fruit-clipper1864
oranger1880
1864 R. D. Blackmore Clara Vaughan III. iv. xvii The famous racing cutter..could exhibit her taffrail to the smartest fruit-clipper.
fruit cocktail n. a preparation of fruit used as an appetizer or refreshment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > other fruit dishes
figee1381
garnadec1440
gayledea1450
strawberry cream1523
strawberry shortcake1523
amber pudding1695
fufu1740
tum tum1790
poi1798
fig-cake1837
compote1845
ambrosia1867
summer pudding1875
schalet1884
charoset1885
angels' food1891
stuffed olive1897
chartreuse1900
crisp1916
guacamole1920
fruit cocktail1922
pimiento olive1925
fruit cup1931
crumble1947
matoke1959
turon1972
guac1983
bumbleberry1991
1922 N.Y. Hotel Rev. 18 Mar. 62 Fruit cocktail.
1928 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 12 May 107/1 Mr. Montgomery had taken a morsel of fruit cocktail.
c1938 Fortnum & Mason Catal. 32/1 Fruits in syrup..Fruit Cocktail..per tin 1/8.
1968 C. Drummond Death & Leaping Ladies i. 22 I ended up with eighteen fruit cocktails and..was left with eleven sure-fire hits.
fruit-crow n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > [noun] > family Cotingidae (cotinga) > other types of
pompadour1764
red chatterer1781
short bill1820
fruit-crow1856
rock-bird1890
1856 W. S. Dallas Nat. Hist. Animal Kingdom 552 The Gymnoderinæ, or Fruit Crows.
fruit cup n. a preparation of fruit used as an appetizer or dessert.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > other fruit dishes
figee1381
garnadec1440
gayledea1450
strawberry cream1523
strawberry shortcake1523
amber pudding1695
fufu1740
tum tum1790
poi1798
fig-cake1837
compote1845
ambrosia1867
summer pudding1875
schalet1884
charoset1885
angels' food1891
stuffed olive1897
chartreuse1900
crisp1916
guacamole1920
fruit cocktail1922
pimiento olive1925
fruit cup1931
crumble1947
matoke1959
turon1972
guac1983
bumbleberry1991
1931 Notes & Queries 4 Apr. 241/2 Where fruit-cup, ices and wonderful cakes were served.
1959 N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 358 You Americans always eat the last course first... Fruit cup with sherbet, if you please.
fruit-dot n. Botany the sorus of ferns.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > parts of
crooka1398
brake-root1626
indusium1807
membranula1821
sorus1832
foot1862
crosier1874
fruit-dot1880
fiddle-head1882
saddle1882
fern-cup1888
stomium1905
annulus-
1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 433/2 The clustered fruit-dots of ferns.
fruit drop n. [drop n. 10e] a fruit-flavoured sweet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > drop, lozenge, or comfit
comfit1334
pastille1451
table1580
confect1587
violet tables1620
sugar-pluma1668
plum1694
nonpareil1697
rose drop1727
lemon-drop1807
drop1818
jujube1835
pear drop1852
pandrop1877
conversation lozenge1905
cushion1906
fruit drop1907
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 50 Acidulated fruit drops.
1935 G. Greene Basement Room & Other Stories 40 A sticky fruit drop in his hand.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ix. 166 ‘Lollies’ is becoming a general term..for..humbugs, large aniseed balls, and fruit drops.
1971 Guardian 18 Aug. 4/3 Fruit-drops, lollipops, a stick of chewing-gum.
fruit-fly n. (see quot.).
ΘΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > unspecified > found in fruit trees
fruit-fly1753
orange fly1903
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Fruit-flies, a name given by gardeners, and others, to a sort of small black flies, found in vast numbers among fruit trees, in the spring season.
fruit-frame n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-frame
palisado1604
counter-espalier1658
palisade1658
pole hedge1658
espalier1736
fruit-frame1874
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Fruit-frame, Hort. a trellis or espalier.
fruit-gatherer n. an implement for gathering fruit from tall trees.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > fruit-picking tool
apple crooka1425
fruit-gatherer1847
cranberry-rake1849
cranberry-gatherer1874
1847 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1846 19 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (29th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 52) III A fruit-gatherer, of very ingenious and simple construction, has been patented.
1910 Daily Chron. 10 Feb. 1/5 A fruit-gatherer attached to a pole and armed with cutting teeth.
fruit-girl n. a girl who sells fruit.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fruit > woman
fruitesterc1386
apple-wife1599
apple-woman1607
fruit-wife1611
orange wifea1616
orange-woman1616
coster-wife1661
orange-wench1665
orange-miss1694
fruiteress1713
fruit-girl1750
orange girl1764
fruit-woman1849
costeress1869
1750 H. Walpole Let. 23 June in Corr. (1941) IX. 109 She had brought Betty the fruit-girl with hampers of strawberries and cherries.
1811 W. Combe Schoolmaster's Tour in Poet. Mag. Mar. 187 A fruit-girl's barrow strikes his shin.
fruit gum n. [gum n.2 1g.] a fruit-flavoured gum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > gums or jelly beans
gum1827
gumdrop1860
jelly bean1905
jube1937
fruit gum1938
jelly baby1945
wine guma1953
1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock vii. vii. 328 The packets of fruit gums came dropping out.
1960 E. W. Hildick Boy at Window xiv. 108 I asked him for a box and he simply tipped the rolls of fruit gum out of this.
1971 Times Educ. Suppl. 25 June 20/3 A skyver..offered the teacher a fruit gum.
fruit-house n. a house for storing fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > place for storing food > [noun] > for fruit
fruit-house1794
lemon-house1901
1794 Ld. Spencer in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 255 I am going with Caroline to the fruit-house.
fruit-jelly n. a fruit-flavoured table-jelly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > jelly > [noun] > sweet and other jellies
blancmange1377
manger blanc1574
moonshine1608
viper-jelly1702
saloop1712
jelly1728
salep1736
bread jelly1750
hartshorn jelly1769
arrowroot1822
table jelly1830
pineapple jelly1841
fruit-jelly1846
jujube paste1858
sponge1859
stone cream1861
pavlova1911
tracklement1954
1846 A. Soyer Gastron. Regenerator p. xxi All fruit jellies [should be] as near as possible to the colour of the fruit.
1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 172/1 Jams, marmalades, and fruit jellies.
fruit-knife n. a knife for cutting fruit, with a blade of silver or other material not affected by the acids of the fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > knife
dressing knife1362
trencher-knife1392
bread knife1432
kitchen knife1433
dresser knifea1450
carving-knifea1475
sticking knife1495
chipper1508
chipping knife1526
butcher's knife1557
striking knife1578
mincing knife1586
cook's knife1599
oyster knife1637
randing knife1725
stick knife1819
chopping-knife1837
carver1839
butch knife1845
fish-carver1855
fruit-knife1855
rimmer1876
throating knife1879
steak knife1895
paring knife1908
1855 H. Clarke New Dict. Eng. Lang. Fruit-knife.
fruit machine n. a coin- or token-operated gaming machine which pays out according to the combination of symbols (often representations of fruit) appearing on the edges of wheels spun by the operation of a lever; also transferred in various slang uses.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > gambling machines
gambling machine?1790
poker machine1899
fruit machine1933
one-armed bandit1936
one-arm bandit1937
pokie1965
1933 Times 7 Apr. 4/2 Committed to trial..on a charge of receiving 20 automatic ‘fruit’ machines..knowing them to be stolen.
1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 33 Fruit machine, an anti-aircraft predictor.
1957 Economist 30 Nov. 781/2 Permission to install the minor gambling devices known as ‘fruit machines’..is by county option.
1959 G. Jenkins Twist of Sand vii. 110 The ‘fruit machine’ fed by information from two officers, gave the course and speed of the warships.
1965 Listener 2 Sept. 342/3 There are three juke boxes; pin tables; fruit machines.
fruit-meter n. a person officially appointed to examine all fruit brought into a market (Cassell).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > maintenance of standards > person employed in
searcher1417
conner1467
policiera1500
cunster1535
wraker1584
wracker1719
sampler1778
overhauler1860
fruit-meter1881
quality controller1947
1881 Daily News 5 Aug. 2/7 In long past days the Corporation fruitmeters claimed a sample of fruit from each package entering the Port of London.
fruit-mill n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > cider-making > [noun] > mill or press
wringc890
presser1570
pound1627
stone-case1664
ingenio1669
cider press1673
hopper axis1808
fruit-mill1874
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Fruit-Mill, a mill for grinding grapes for must or apples for cider.
fruit-moth n. = codling moth at codling n.2 3.
ΚΠ
1862 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects Injurious to Vegetation (ed. 3) 484 Carpocapsa Pomonella, the codling-moth, or fruit-moth of the apple.
fruit-netting n. nets or network containing fruit.
ΚΠ
1846 Knickerbocker Mag. 38 67 The fruit-netting over the stern amply filled with the products of that luscious land.
fruit-piece n. ‘a pictured or sculptured representation of fruit’ ( Cent. Dict.).
fruit-pigeon n. a general name given to the pigeons of the genera Carpophaga and Treron.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > miscellaneous types of
nutmeg pigeon1783
blue pigeon1790
Namaqua dove1801
mountain witch1823
partridge pigeon1823
imperial pigeon1830
toy1831
porcelain1855
toothbill1862
fruit-pigeon1865
orange dove1875
tambourine pigeon1891
topknot pigeon1891
cinnamon dove1895
partridge1936
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > genus Treron (green pigeon)
green pigeon1698
fruit-pigeon1865
1865 Athenæum No. 1954. 494/3 A rare fruit-pigeon from the Seychelles.
fruit-press n. an apparatus for extracting the juice from fruit by pressure.
fruit salad n. (a) fruits, usually uncooked, cut up and mixed together, often served with sugar, cream, etc.; (b) an array of service ribbons and decorations (Services' slang).
Π
1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. xxxi. 798 Fruit salads are made by stripping the fruit from the stalks, piling it on a dish, and sprinkling over it finely-pounded sugar.
1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 33 Fruit salad, a large collection of medal ribbons which runs to three or more rows.
1955 ‘N. Shute’ Requiem for Wren iii. 74 A red-faced old gentleman with..a fruit salad of medal ribbons on his chest.
1961 Times 19 Apr. 13/3 The ribbons worn on the chest and colloquially called ‘fruit salad’.
1964 B. Falk Peacock Cookery Bk. 136 A fruit salad can be made from any mixture of fresh fruit in season together with some tinned fruit, or from fresh fruit alone.
fruit salts n. effervescent health salts (also formerly in singular).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > restoratives, tonics, or stimulants > [noun] > tonic > health salts
Glauber's salt1736
seltzer1744
salt1773
glauber1799
fruit salts1889
health salt1900
1889 Illustr. London News 31 July 33 (advt.) For health and longevity, use Eno's ‘Fruit Salt’.
1892 E. Lytton Let. 18 Nov. in E. Lutyens Blessed Girl (1953) ix. 179 When he comes down cured..Sir Augustus puts it down to Eno's Fruit Salts.
1939 D. L. Sayers In Teeth of Evidence 64 Mr. Loveday had gone in to borrow a dose of fruit salts from Mr. Turnbull.
fruits-paying n. Obsolete the payment of annates or ‘first-fruits’.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > action of paying or performing service
prestation1473
fruits-paying1709
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation vi. 97 To pray the Queen..to be discharged of their own subsidies the first year of their fruits-paying.
fruit-spur n. a small branch whose growth is stopped to ensure the development of fruit-buds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > pruning or lopping > spur left in pruning
snag1577
argot1693
fruit-spur1823
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree > part(s) of
wood-branch1706
breastwood1797
fruit-spur1823
Malling1966
1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Sept. 666 Great numbers of these shoots have fruit-spurs, which will have blossom, if not fruit, next year.
fruit-stalk n. a stalk that bears fruit; spec. = peduncle n.; also occasionally = carpophore n. at carpo- comb. form2 .
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > pedicel or footstalk
stalkc1325
starta1400
tinea1400
petifoot?1440
footling1562
footstalk1562
strig1565
stem1600
tail1613
pedicle1626
pedal1660
pedicel1682
peduncle1702
ray1729
stipes1760
stipe1785
flower-stalk1789
fruit-stalk1796
podium1866
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 17 Leaf-stalks, shorter than the fruit-stalks.
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 470 [Strawberries] Every runner is in its incipient state of formation, capable of becoming a fruit stalk.
fruit steamer n. a steam vessel engaged in carrying fruit.
ΚΠ
1887 S. Hale Lett. (1919) 181 My idea is to come home in one of those fruit-steamers from Gibraltar.
1921 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean vii. 111 Nothing ever happened excepting the arrival of the fruit steamers which took on thousands of bunches of bananas.
fruit-sugar n. = glucose n. or laevulose n.
fruit tree n. a tree cultivated for its fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > fruit-tree
bearera1387
fruita1400
fruit tree1577
orchard tree1638
fruiter1882
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 71 Fruite trees and Uines.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 213 Where any row Of Fruit-trees..reachd too farr Thir pamperd boughes. View more context for this quotation
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 488 Three modes of pruning..first, the fruit tree method.
fruit tree beetle n. (also fruit tree bark beetle) Scolytus rugulosus, which burrows beneath the bark of fruit trees.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Scolytidae > scolytus rugulosus (fruit tree beetle)
fruit bark beetle1892
fruit tree beetle1898
1898 E. A. Ormerod Handbk. Insects Injur. Fruits 197 (heading) Fruit-tree Bark Beetle.
1921 T. W. Sanders Fruit Foes i. 30 Fruit Tree Beetle (Scolytus rugulosus).—Both the beetle and the larvæ are injurious to fruit trees.
fruit-trencher n. Obsolete a wooden tray, formerly used as a dessert-plate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray
trayOE
chargerc1305
service plate1548
venison dish1567
venison plate1567
fruit-trencher1642
salver1661
server1677
voider1677
waiting salver1714
tureen1727
waiter1738
waiting board1770
plateau1790
traylet1825
breakfast-traya1865
cheese board1916
thali1969
charger1984
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 28 He greets us with a quantity of thum-ring posies. He has a fortune therefore good, because he is content with it. This is a piece of sapience not worth the brain of a fruit-trencher.
1883 Oxf. Guide-book [The picture-gallery of the Bodleian contains] Queen Elizabeth's fruit-trenchers.
fruit-user n. Obsolete = usufructuary n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > [noun] > right of temporary possession > one who has
fruit-userc1449
usufructuar1531
usager1606
fructuary1643
usufructuary1658
usuary1871
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 411 But thei ben fruyte users of tho godis.
fruit-wall n. a wall against which fruit trees are trained.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > fruit-wall
fruit-wall1699
1699 (title) Fruit Walls improved by inclining them to the Horizon.
1773 A. Grant Let. 14 May in Lett. from Mountains (1806) I. 80 She has built a fruit wall, a thing before unheard of here.
fruit-wife n. a woman who sells fruit; also, †a bawd.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fruit > woman
fruitesterc1386
apple-wife1599
apple-woman1607
fruit-wife1611
orange wifea1616
orange-woman1616
coster-wife1661
orange-wench1665
orange-miss1694
fruiteress1713
fruit-girl1750
orange girl1764
fruit-woman1849
costeress1869
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fruictiere, a Fruit-wife; or woman that selleth fruits.
fruit-woman n. = fruit-wife n.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > procuress
butcheressa1475
stew1552
bawdress1569
brokeress1582
pander1585
abbess1594
aunt1604
panderess1604
hackney womanc1616
bronstrops1617
procuress1638
provincialc1640
fruit-woman1673
flesh-broker1699
broker-woman1723
commode1725
coupleress1864
hack1864
procureuse1930
society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of provisions > seller of fruit > woman
fruitesterc1386
apple-wife1599
apple-woman1607
fruit-wife1611
orange wifea1616
orange-woman1616
coster-wife1661
orange-wench1665
orange-miss1694
fruiteress1713
fruit-girl1750
orange girl1764
fruit-woman1849
costeress1869
1673 J. Dryden Assignation iii. i. 29 She's as arrant a Fruit-woman as any is about Rome.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 358 Fruit women screamed.
fruitwood n. the wood of fruit trees, esp. pear, used to make furniture.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > wood of fruit trees
fruitwood1927
1927 P. Macquoid & R. Edwards Dict. Eng. Furnit. III. 29 In common with other fruit woods, it [sc. pear wood] has been used from a very early period.
1939 E. Wenham Old Furnit. for Mod. Rooms i. 7 Bobbin-turned chairs of oak, or of some fruitwood.
1947 J. C. S. Brough Timbers for Woodwork xvi. 134 One of several ‘fruitwoods’ it [sc. apple wood] was in former days employed largely for domestic commodities.
1964 J. Gloag Englishman's Chair ix. 194 Elm seats, ash or yew bows, with arms and turned work in fruit wood or yew.
1971 Times 19 June 12/5 The marquetry of flowers, birds and grotesque masks is in ivory and fruitwood.
fruit-yard n. Obsolete an orchard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > [noun] > orchard or fruit garden
orchardOE
arbour1377
pomaryc1390
orchat1499
fruit-yard1555
fruitery1609
tope1698
orcharding1721
arbory1792
huerta1838
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. 205 The Gelonites, occupienge tilthe: liue by corne, and haue their frute yardes.

Draft additions December 2013

fruit of the poisonous (also poisoned) tree and variants.
a. A (negative) outcome deriving from something which is regarded as irredeemably flawed or corrupt.Originally in extended metaphors, perhaps with biblical allusion (Matthew 7:17; see also quot. 1854); in later use probably influenced by Additions b.
ΚΠ
1850 Independent (N.Y.) 30 May 1/5 Touched by the evidence of physical evils, he makes these the causes, instead of the effects, of moral deprivation, and striving to cure them he loses his pains by striking at the branches or the fruit of the poisonous tree: the tree itself remains.
1854 T. Meyer tr. E. W. Hengstenberg Christol. Old Test. (new ed.) I. 8 Cain's murder of his brother comes into consideration only as an effect of the evil principle which was introduced into human nature by the first temptation; as indeed it appears in the book of Genesis itself as the fruit of the poisonous tree whose planting is detailed in chap. iii.]
1865 A. H. Bullock in Boston Daily Advertiser 29 June Apply the axe to the root, else the shade and perfume and fruit of the poisonous tree will spread and embitter the lifetime of another generation.
1968 Time (Electronic ed.) 21 June The three traumatic killings of the last five years, which should have taught us how bitter is the fruit of the poisoned tree of ideological passions, do not seem to have carried their lesson home.
2010 C. Nelson No University is Island ix. 235 Churchill's termination was unequivocally fruit of the poisoned tree of political outrage that prompted the whole process.
b. U.S. Law. Evidence which has been obtained illegally and is therefore inadmissible in court.
ΚΠ
1939 N.Y. Times 12 Dec. 20/3 The trial judge must give opportunity..to the accused to prove that a substantial portion of the case against him was a fruit of the poisonous tree.
1947 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 14 612 If the authorities persist in using drugs to obtain inadmissible involuntary statements, may they nevertheless use the facts learned through the statements, or are they barred from using the ‘fruit of the poisonous tree’?
1981 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 29 Jan. The draft charter incorporates a U.S. rule of evidence—the so-called ‘fruit of the poisoned tree’ rule—which means that unlawfully obtained evidence cannot be admitted in court.
2012 Daily Rec. (Baltimore, Maryland) (Nexis) 14 Dec. Any evidence police gained as a result of improperly obtaining that subscriber data should also be excluded as fruit of the poisonous tree.

Draft additions March 2017

in fruit: in the state or condition of bearing fruit.
ΚΠ
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 269 In May, and Iune, come Pincks..; Cherry-Tree in Fruit; Ribes; Figges in Fruit, raspes [etc.].
1786 J. Abercrombie Gardeners Daily Assistant 100 The pine apple plants—now in fruit, must not be shifted, only the young successional pines.
1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) §3634 The scarlet runner ranks first for its prolific property and long continuance in fruit.
1866 Rural Amer. (Utica, N.Y.) 15 Mar. 88/1 The cranberry..is always attractive in bloom or in fruit, and being an evergreen, in winter.
1948 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 35 404 A large percentage of red algal thalli are in fruit each month of the year.
1995 R. M. Pyle Where Bigfoot Walks x. 118 Bunchberry dogwood in fruit burst from the bark of a vast hemlock.
2012 C. Gracie Spring Wildflowers of Northeast 2/1 As the inflorescence matures, and especially when in fruit, this feature [sc. thicker flower stalks] becomes more pronounced.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fruitv.

Brit. /fruːt/, U.S. /frut/
Forms: Also α. Middle English frute, frutyn; β. Middle English fruct. past participle Middle English y-fruited.
Etymology: < fruit n.
1. intransitive. To bear fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > be productive [verb (intransitive)]
yield1297
fruit1377
seeda1398
germ1483
buddle1581
fructuate1663
seminate1676
teem1746
spend1854
to lift well1959
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > plant that bears fruit > be a fruit-bearing plant [verb (intransitive)] > bear fruit
fruit1377
α.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 39 I saue it til I se it..somdel y-fruited.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 182/1 Frutyn, or brynge forþe frute, fructifico.
1712 J. Petiver in Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 424 It Fruits yearly in Chelsey Garden.
1793 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 4 220 They have fruited, and are now propagated in almost all the West-India islands.
1854 J. D. Hooker Himalayan Jrnls. II. xxvii. 253 But few of them fruit.
1882 C. E. L. Riddell Daisies & Buttercups I. 114 The scarlet-runners fruiting and blooming at the same time.
β. 1568 (a1500) Colkelbie Sow iii. 13 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 304 How suld a penny fruct contrar nature.figurative.c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 259 Mysgouernaunce..frutyth noȝt in goodnesse to þe soule.1851 T. F. Kelsall Mem. in T. L. Beddoes Poems I. p. cxiii Interchanging knowledge, as it..fruited daily in every branch of science.1883 Baldw. Brown Home iii. 50 We can see the passions and the forces working, which fruit in bane or blessing.
2. transitive (causatively) To make bear fruit; to cultivate to the point of bearing fruit. literal and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of fruit > cultivate fruit [verb (transitive)]
fruita1639
a1639 J. Dyke Right Receiving of Christ (1640) xiii. 177 He is rooted in Christ, and therefore fruited by Christ.
1851 Beck's Florist Jan. 8 I have not fruited those sorts [of Strawberries].
1862 H. D. Thoreau Excursions (1863) 291 Their ‘Favorites’ [sc. apples]..when I have fruited them, commonly turn out very tame.
1882 W. B. Weeden Social Law Labor 25 For Capital is Labor fruited, saved and preserved.
3. In various obsolete uses:
a. To produce as fruit. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > produce or bring forth > yield or produce naturally
fruita1382
engendera1393
breeda1398
gendera1398
yielda1400
proferc1425
to bring out1545
generate1563
produce1585
brooda1625
to send forth1626
propagate1699
pan1873
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxiv. 23 I as a vyne frutede [L. fructificavi] swotnesse of smel.
b. To flavour with fruit-juice. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] > flavour in other ways
saffronc1386
milk?a1565
hop1572
juniperate1605
beginger1611
macea1634
caryophyllate1651
fruit1736
onion1755
mustard1851
clove1883
lemon1883
herb1922
sherry1970
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 359 Fill tin iceing pots with any sorts of cream you please, either plain or sweetened, or you may fruit it.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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