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单词 functionary
释义

functionaryn.

Brit. /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈfəŋ(k)ʃəˌnɛri/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: function n., -ary suffix1.
Etymology: < function n. + -ary suffix1, after French fonctionnaire (1770). Compare earlier functionary adj. 2.The French word was also borrowed into other European languages; compare e.g. Italian funzionario (1793), German Funktionär (1796 as Fonctionaire).
A person who has certain functions or duties to perform; an official, esp. one with a relatively low level of responsibility or authority.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > functionary or one who officiates
administrator1573
functionary?1785
ministrant1818
apparatchik1969
?1785 Considerations Bk. Genesis i. 7 The chimæras of the functionaries of all the religions.
1791 Gen. Evening Post 17 Mar. The Minister shall give in to the National Assembly..a list of..the refusal of that oath by any, or every public functionary.
1797 E. Burke Three Mem. French Affairs 12 Their Republick is to have a first functionary (as they call him) under the name of King, or not, as they think fit.
1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris (ed. 2) Pref. p. lxi Several houses have been burnt, and an unfortunate functionary cut to pieces.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xix. 234 A female functionary, a nurse.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xviii. 303 Legitimate functionaries to carry on the government.
1937 Times 18 Dec. 13/7 There was arising a new class of small functionaries, agents of..the ramifying party organization.
1959 New Statesman 25 Apr. 562/3 He has been a leader of the Yugoslav C.P. for 22 years, a Comintern functionary for much of that time.
2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 29 Sept. 59/1 A Red Cross functionary whose job it was to interview wounded soldiers about those still missing.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

functionaryadj.

Brit. /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈfəŋ(k)ʃəˌnɛri/
Forms: see function n. and -ary suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: function n., -ary suffix2.
Etymology: < function n. + -ary suffix2. Compare later functional adj.
1. Of or relating to the way in which something functions; that is functioning or operative; functional (cf. functional adj. 3, 4c). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > functional
functionary1606
functional1818
1606 E. Forset Compar. Disc. Bodies Nat. & Politique 20 So the soule, besides his vsuall & functionarie operations, in and by the ministerial abilities of the body, hath other peculiar motions and actions of his owne.
1795 W. Dufour Treat. Dis. Urin. Passages 14 Hence the more important and extensive the organ is, the more dangerous and alarming is any impediment to its functionary duties.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 70 The disease may..commence in some structural or functionary affection of the abdominal organs.
1847 R. W. Hamilton Revealed Doctr. Rewards & Punishm. i. 28 There is neither organic nor functionary disease.
1916 Sunspot July 16 Who and what is that universal mind or that external mind-entity, a minute fraction is phasing as human, i.e., is functionary in the human brain?
2009 Molecular Genetics & Genomics 281 484/1 These findings may help to shed new light on the functionary diversity and evolutionary dynamics of duplicate genes of the Poaceae family over evolutionary time.
2. Of or relating to a person's official role or function; official; bureaucratic.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > [adjective]
official1604
functionary1668
officiary1755
society > authority > office > [adjective] > bureaucratic
functionary1668
bureaucratic1800
tape-tying1832
bureaucrat1849
red-tapish1850
red-tapey1860
tape-bound1900
tape-tied1900
striped-trouser(ed)1934
1668 L. Willan Perfect States-man l. 189 Functionary Adherents pursue but the Advantage of their Art, and seem improperly admitted to the sole Practice of their Faculty.
1799 T. Swift Hear Him! 44 The invidious residence of the crown itself, never visible to Ireland but in its functionary capacity.
1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire V. xlix. 494 In order that these offices should be always adequately filled..it was necessary to maintain this functionary reservoir constantly at the same exalted level.
1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1310 The functionary duties of the Levites.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 23 Aug. 2/3 Let us have done with these fictions of functionary superiority.
1956 Chanute (Kansas) Tribune 23 Mar. 1/7 A president with state functionary duties but little power, much like the president of France.
2009 G. Last After Socialist Spring i. i. 23 District officers of the Stasi were given instructions to prevent such farmers..being chosen to occupy leading functionary positions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?1785adj.1606
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更新时间:2024/9/23 11:14:56