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单词 fraternity
释义

fraternityn.

Brit. /frəˈtəːnᵻti/, U.S. /frəˈtərnədi/
Etymology: < Old French fraternité, < Latin frāternitāt-em , < frāternus pertaining to a brother: see fraternal adj. and n. and -ity suffix.
1. The relation of a brother or of brothers; brotherhood.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > relationship of brothers > [noun]
brotherhead1340
fraternity1390
brotherhooda1500
billyhood1818
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 186 In the virgine, where he [the godhede] nome Oure flesshe and verray man become Of bodely fraternite.
1548 Princess Elizabeth & J. Bale tr. Queen Margaret of Angoulême Godly Medytacyon Christen Sowle f. 28v O my brother what fraternyte, O my chylde what dylectyon.
1659 J. Pearson Expos. Creed (1839) 40 If sons, we must be brethren to the only-begotten: but being he came not to do his own will, but the will of him that sent him, he acknowledgeth no fraternity but with such as do the same.
1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. ii. 12 A Phenician Fable touching the Fraternitie of al men made out of the Earth.
2. The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly; brotherliness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > [noun] > love between kinsmen > brotherly love > quality or state of being brotherly
brothershipOE
brotherredOE
brotherheada1400
brotherhooda1425
fraternity1470
brotherliness?1533
fraternalism1893
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > relationship of brothers > [noun] > quality
fraternity1470
fraternalism1893
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvi. iii Therfor was the round table founden and the Chyualry hath ben at alle tymes soo by the fraternyte whiche was there that she myght not be ouercomen.
1598 E. Ford Parismus vi. sig. f2 Those outlawes..continued a great fraternitie amongst them.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Bb2 There cannot but bee a fraternitie in learning and illumination, relating to that Paternitie, which is attributed to God. View more context for this quotation
1793 E. Burke Observ. Conduct Minority in Two Lett. Conduct Domestick Parties (1797) §35 To substitute the principles of fraternity in the room of that salutary prejudice called our Country.
1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. 255 It was a treaty of friend~ship, fraternity, and alliance.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 106 Equality and fraternity of governors and governed.
3. A family of brothers. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > brother > [noun] > collectively
i-brotherenOE
fraternity1641
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. B2v When there is an ample fraternity Royall, and of the Princes of the blood.
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. D2v Betweene these two Families, there was..no great correspondency..there was a time, that when both these fraternities being met at Court when there passed a chalenge betweene them.
4. A body or order of men organized for religious or devout purposes. letters of fraternity: letters granted by a convent or an order to its benefactors entitling those named in them to a share in the benefits of its prayers and good works.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun] > letter of fraternity
letters of fraternityc1330
letter of brotherreda1500
letter of brotherheada1525
letter of brotherhood1528
society > faith > church government > monasticism > friar > [noun] > collectively
fraternityc1330
frary1514
fratry?1533
friary1538
friarhood1726
confrérie1803
society > faith > church government > laity > lay associations > fraternity > [noun]
fraternityc1330
friary1631
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 188 With [þam] were þe templers, & þer fraternite.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 12 Ȝif þei maken wyues and oþer wymmen hure sustris bi lettris of fraternite.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. 179 Þauh þou be founden in Fraternite a-mong þe foure Ordres.
1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 29 Why be ye so hardie to grant by letters of fraternitie to men and women, that they shall have part and merite of all your good deedes?
1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. v To the fraternytie of our Lady and seynt Anne, wtin the said church. xijd.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxvii. 105 Like unto the fraternity of mercy among the Papists, which onely out of charity..do tend those that are sick.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 69 Each Fraternity have their Altars, and Sanctuary.
1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. iv. xxv. 193 In each mitred abbey of the order of St. Benedict, some persons of the fraternity were appointed to register the most considerable events.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iv. vii. 603 The first recluses and monks who established religious fraternities in Scotland.
5. A body of men associated by some tie or common interest; a company, guild.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > a brotherhood
brotherhead1389
brotherhood1389
fraternity1389
frarya1400
confraternityc1475
confrairy1525
fratry?1533
order1686
brothership1691
confrérie1803
fraternal order1862
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Eche broþer oþer suster þt ben of þe fraternite..schal ȝeue somwhat in maintenance of þe bretherhede.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 366 An haberdasshere and a Carpenter..clothed alle in oo lyueree Of a solempne and a greet fraternytee.
1433 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 95 The fraternyte of my crafte of cokes.
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton 2 I William Caxton..of the fraternyte and felauship of the mercerye.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. D8 This dooth the fraternity of the shoemakers carry in solemne procession.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 455 Fraternities enter'd into there for the better carrying on that Plantation.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. iv. 59 Their first charter in which they are styled Peyntours, was granted in the 6th of Edward IV, but they had existed as a fraternity long before.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iv. vii. 638 The ancient and mysterious fraternity of Free Masons.
1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 358 Scarcely a town of importance..in Italy was without its fraternity of goldsmiths.
attributive.a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 587 I dined in the Citty, at the fraternity feast in yron-mongers hall.
6. A body of men of the same class, occupation, pursuits, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > [noun] > a division of human society > having values or interests in common
world1548
commonwealth1551
fraternity1565
community1757
1565 J. Awdely (title) The fraternitie of vacabondes.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 5 Auceps. Why Sir, I pray, of what Fraternity are you, that you are so angry with the poor Otter! Pisc. I am..a Brother of the Angle.
1697 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 4) v. iv. 40 Some ignorant Grooms..think they are able to give Laws to all their Fraternity.
1712 J. Henley Spectator No. 396. ⁋2 The Fraternity of the People called Quakers.
1793 E. Burke Observ. Conduct Minority in Two Lett. Conduct Domestick Parties (1797) §25 The French fraternity in that town.
1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 86/2 Calais is one of those places where the fraternity of couriers have a station.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xv. 269 [Henry] was..ardently anxious to resume his place in the fraternity of European sovereigns.
7. A social association of the students or alumni of a college or university, usually having a name consisting of three Greek letters, as ‘Phi Beta Kappa’. Also attributive. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > student societies
fraternity1777
Phi Beta Kappa1799
union1817
law society1821
Skull and Bones1845
Bones1869
corps1874
frat1895
sorority1900
union1911
Nusas1925
1777 in F. W. Shepardson Phi Beta Kappa (1915) 9 [At the January meeting of 1777..a mode of initiation was reported.] ‘I, A. B. do swear..to prove true, just, and deeply attached to this our growing fraternity.’
1844 in A. P. Jacobs Psi Upsilon Epitome (1884) 180 Catalogue of the Psi Upsilon Fraternity.
1879 W. R. Baird (title) Baird's Manual of American college fraternities.
1899 A. H. Quinn Pennsylvania Stories 59 He could not help seeing that the Fraternity men were in general the best dressed.
1901 H. D. Sheldon Student Life 224 In general, the fraternities dominate the smaller colleges,..although an occasional revolt on the part of the non-fraternity men sometimes occurs.
1902 J. Corbin Amer. at Oxf. 54 In Balliol there are three debating clubs, and they are of course in some sense rivals. Like the fraternities in an American college, they look over the freshmen each year pretty closely.
1902 J. Corbin Amer. at Oxf. 269 The fraternity houses so widely diffused in America offer almost a counterpart of the halls of the golden age of the mediaeval university.
1905 A. H. Rice Sandy 125 Annette counted her fraternity pins.
1927 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 24 Dec. 19/3 There was heart-breaking rivalry among us to secure fraternity pins from the boys who possessed them.
1967 Punch 13 Sept. 377/3 On my own campus, as at many middle-western universities, the fraternity system had great power and prestige.
8. Used by Galton for: the brothers (and sisters) of a family collectively.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > [noun] > collectively
fraternity1889
sibship1906
1889 F. Galton Nat. Inheritance 234 A Fraternity consists of the brothers of a family, and of the sisters after the qualities of the latter have been transmuted to their Male Equivalents.
1900 K. Pearson Gram. of Sci. (ed. 2) xi. 459 The intensity of parental correlation is about .3 to .5, of grandparental about .15 to .3, and of fraternal about .4 to .6, the latter correlation being somewhat reduced when the ‘fraternity’ consists of members of opposite sexes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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