† forthinkv.

Forms: see think n. Also Middle English–1500s forethink.

Etymology: representing two distinct words: αOld English forðęncan ( < for- prefix¹ + ðęncan to think v.²) = Old High German fordenchen (German verdenken ). β < for- prefix¹ + Old English þyncan to seem (think v.¹). Compare Middle High German verdunken and Old Norse forþykkja to displease.

Obsolete.

I. Senses from Old English ðyncan.

1. transitive. To displease, cause regret to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] > displease

mislikeeOE

ofthinkeOE

misquemeOE

likec1175

forthinka1225

mispay?c1225

annoyc1300

there glads (also gains, games) him no gleec1300

unpay1340

offenda1382

to be displeasedc1386

to step or tread on the toes ofc1394

mispleasea1400

unlikea1425

edgec1450

injurea1492

discontenta1513

disdain1530

to set (a person's) teeth on edge1535

displeasure1541

mis-set?1553

dislike1578

to tread on any one's heels or toes1710

flisk1792

unentrance1834

to tread on any one's cornsa1855

umbragea1894

a1225 Juliana 16 Ne ich ne seh him neuer þat me sare forþuncheð.

c1325 Metr. Hom. (Small) xvi To king William bodword was broht Of this tithing, that him for thoht.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1365 (1414) I nas, ne nevere to be I thenke, Ayens a thing that myght the forthenke.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 6446 If..it had you forthoght, Ye might [etc.].

c1530 Adam Bel 548 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 161 I hav y-graunted them graces, And that forthynketh me.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 200 Full sair for~thinkis me, The greit injuris..Done to my sister.

2. impersonal and quasi-impersonal. (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.): I, etc., feel regret, repent, or am sorry. Const. of, for, or that, with subordinate clause.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > feel remorse

ofthinkOE

reusieOE

overthinkc1175

(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300

forthinkc1380

ruea1400

remordc1450

to rue the day (also hour)c1461

repoin1523

remorse1530

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)]

rueOE

i-rewOE

ofthinkOE

again-chareOE

reusieOE

overthinkc1175

beetc1200

it athinks me1250

to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300

(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300

repentc1300

forthinkc1380

remordc1450

repoin1523

remorse1530

to take the rue1789

a1300 Cursor Mundi 2732 If sco did it hir for-thoght.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 92 Sore hit me for~þynkeþ Of þe dede þat ich haue don.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 285 Me forthynkez ful much þat euer I mon made.

c1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xviii For his dedus him sore for-thoȝte.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiv. f. 46 The Lorde hath sworne and it shall not forthynke hym.

1578–1600 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 166 Baneist is faith now euery quhair And sair forthinkes me.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Confession in Catech. 12 It forthinkes me sore that I haue sinned.

II. Senses from Old English ðęncan.

a. transitive. To despise or neglect. Old English only.

ΚΠ

c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xlviii. Argt. He lærde þæt þa ðearfan hy ne forðohton.

b. intransitive. To be reluctant.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16427 Pilate forthoght þaim bath to wrath.

4. transitive. To think upon with pain; to regret, repent of, be sorry for; rarely passive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (transitive)]

forthink?a1250

ruea1300

remordc1400

sorrow?a1425

forruec1425

overthinkc1450

regreta1500

deplore1567

grieve1597

unwish1629

repent1631

lament1794

?a1250 Ags. Poem clxxvi, in Hickes Thes. (1705) I. 224 Se þæt mai and nele ðeder come, Sore hit sel uorðenche.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 557 Þe souerayn in sete so sore for-þoȝt Þat euer he man vpon molde merked to lyuy.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xii. 1310 Wyth Rewth of Hart for-thynk youre syn.

c1450 How Wise Man tauȝt Sonne (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 49 Þou myȝte seie a word to-day Þat .vij. ȝeer after may be for-þouȝt.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. xv Yf thou entre thou shalt forthynke hit.

c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 445 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 122 He..þane sa fore-thocht his mysded, þat he gret sar.

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. a.i^v They forthinke that inrode.

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) ii. 37 Suddenly forethinking what he had done, he [etc.].

1704 Min. of Torryburn Sess. in Ess. on Witchcraft (1820) 131 She would make Jean Riȝet forethink what she had done.

a. reflexive. To change the direction of one's thoughts; to experience a change of mind or purpose; to repent, be sorry. Const. of, that, or to with infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]

nillOE

loathea1200

to make it tough1297

forthinka1300

reckc1300

ruea1400

to make (it) strangec1405

to make strangenessc1407

stick1418

resistc1425

to make (it) strange?1456

steek1478

tarrowc1480

doubt1483

sunyie1488

to make (it) nice1530

stay1533

shentc1540

to make courtesy (at)1542

to make it scrupulous1548

to think (it) much1548

to make dainty of (anything)1555

to lie aback1560

stand1563

steek1573

to hang back1581

erch1584

to make doubt1586

to hang the groin1587

to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589

yearn1597

to hang the winga1601

to make squeamish1611

smay1632

bogglea1638

to hang off1641

waver1643

reluct1648

shy1650

reluctate1655

stickle1656

scruple1660

to make boggle1667

revere1689

begrudge1690

to have scruples1719

stopc1738

bitch1777

reprobate1779

crane1823

disincline1885

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's mind [verb (reflexive)]

forthinka1300

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (reflexive)] > feel remorse

forthinka1300

resent1605

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent [verb (reflexive)]

forthinka1300

repentc1300

resent1618

relent1685

a1300 Cursor Mundi 24786 O þis tiþand he him for-thoght.

1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 40 Nor yet you shall forthinke your self, that you haue obeyed..myne aduise.

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxvii. 3 Joudas..seing y^t he was condemned, did forthink himself.

1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii^v Wel may I forethinke me so to haue doone.

1599 Life Sir T. More in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 98 The whole counsell began to forethink them of their forwardness.

b. intransitive for reflexive. Const. of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's opinion [verb (intransitive)]

bowa1000

forthinkc1380

to think again1493

recogitate1603

deflect1612

wheel1632

to turn round1808

to flop (over)1884

budge1930

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > feel remorse

ofthinkOE

reusieOE

overthinkc1175

(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300

forthinkc1380

ruea1400

remordc1450

to rue the day (also hour)c1461

repoin1523

remorse1530

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)]

rueOE

i-rewOE

ofthinkOE

again-chareOE

reusieOE

overthinkc1175

beetc1200

it athinks me1250

to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300

(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300

repentc1300

forthinkc1380

remordc1450

repoin1523

remorse1530

to take the rue1789

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 279 Þe fende shal..ever forþinke.

c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xxii. 48 I..come to ȝowe..forthynkynge inwardly of þat I haue offendet.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxli^v He..than forthynkyth: but late is his complaynt.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 468 He forthocht full soir Of the grit wrang.

1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes lxxxviii. sig. Cv^v Better foresee, than forthynke.

1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 2nd Pt. v. v. sig. Miij Forethinke, of thy forepassed faultes.

6. Occasional uses:

a. transitive. To change one's mind about; to renounce.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)]

to fall from ——a1425

waivec1450

forthink1483

to leave up1523

unresolve1608

startle1612

betray1614

recant1648

recede1650

to turn round1808

to unmake one's mind1848

unwill1871

1483 Festivall (1515) 73 b By temptacyon of the fende they forthought all theyr purpose.

b. intransitive. To think or plan something wrong; to conspire.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot [verb (intransitive)]

subtlec1300

conspire1393

compass1430

malign?a1439

contrivec1440

machine?c1450

forthink1494

pretenda1500

practise1537

pack1568

brigue1580

machinate1602

manage1603

plot1607

tamper1607

faction1609

collogue1646

intriguea1714

to lay a scheme1826

scheme1842

angle1892

wheel and deal1961

1494 Coll. Hist. Staff. (1891) XII. 334 Sir Humfrey Stanley, with xx persons, forthought ayens your pease and lawis.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	forthink
释义	† forthinkv. Forms: see think n. Also Middle English–1500s forethink. Etymology: representing two distinct words: αOld English forðęncan ( < for- prefix¹ + ðęncan to think v.²) = Old High German fordenchen (German verdenken ). β < for- prefix¹ + Old English þyncan to seem (think v.¹). Compare Middle High German verdunken and Old Norse forþykkja to displease. Obsolete. I. Senses from Old English ðyncan. 1. transitive. To displease, cause regret to. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] > displease mislikeeOE ofthinkeOE misquemeOE likec1175 forthinka1225 mispay?c1225 annoyc1300 there glads (also gains, games) him no gleec1300 unpay1340 offenda1382 to be displeasedc1386 to step or tread on the toes ofc1394 mispleasea1400 unlikea1425 edgec1450 injurea1492 discontenta1513 disdain1530 to set (a person's) teeth on edge1535 displeasure1541 mis-set?1553 dislike1578 to tread on any one's heels or toes1710 flisk1792 unentrance1834 to tread on any one's cornsa1855 umbragea1894 a1225 Juliana 16 Ne ich ne seh him neuer þat me sare forþuncheð. c1325 Metr. Hom. (Small) xvi To king William bodword was broht Of this tithing, that him for thoht. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1365 (1414) I nas, ne nevere to be I thenke, Ayens a thing that myght the forthenke. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 6446 If..it had you forthoght, Ye might [etc.]. c1530 Adam Bel 548 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 161 I hav y-graunted them graces, And that forthynketh me. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 200 Full sair for~thinkis me, The greit injuris..Done to my sister. 2. impersonal and quasi-impersonal. (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.): I, etc., feel regret, repent, or am sorry. Const. of, for, or that, with subordinate clause. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > feel remorse ofthinkOE reusieOE overthinkc1175 (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300 forthinkc1380 ruea1400 remordc1450 to rue the day (also hour)c1461 repoin1523 remorse1530 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)] rueOE i-rewOE ofthinkOE again-chareOE reusieOE overthinkc1175 beetc1200 it athinks me1250 to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300 (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300 repentc1300 forthinkc1380 remordc1450 repoin1523 remorse1530 to take the rue1789 a1300 Cursor Mundi 2732 If sco did it hir for-thoght. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 92 Sore hit me for~þynkeþ Of þe dede þat ich haue don. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 285 Me forthynkez ful much þat euer I mon made. c1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xviii For his dedus him sore for-thoȝte. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiv. f. 46 The Lorde hath sworne and it shall not forthynke hym. 1578–1600 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 166 Baneist is faith now euery quhair And sair forthinkes me. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Confession in Catech. 12 It forthinkes me sore that I haue sinned. II. Senses from Old English ðęncan. 3. a. transitive. To despise or neglect. Old English only. ΚΠ c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xlviii. Argt. He lærde þæt þa ðearfan hy ne forðohton. b. intransitive. To be reluctant. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16427 Pilate forthoght þaim bath to wrath. 4. transitive. To think upon with pain; to regret, repent of, be sorry for; rarely passive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (transitive)] forthink?a1250 ruea1300 remordc1400 sorrow?a1425 forruec1425 overthinkc1450 regreta1500 deplore1567 grieve1597 unwish1629 repent1631 lament1794 ?a1250 Ags. Poem clxxvi, in Hickes Thes. (1705) I. 224 Se þæt mai and nele ðeder come, Sore hit sel uorðenche. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 557 Þe souerayn in sete so sore for-þoȝt Þat euer he man vpon molde merked to lyuy. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xii. 1310 Wyth Rewth of Hart for-thynk youre syn. c1450 How Wise Man tauȝt Sonne (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 49 Þou myȝte seie a word to-day Þat .vij. ȝeer after may be for-þouȝt. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. xv Yf thou entre thou shalt forthynke hit. c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 445 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 122 He..þane sa fore-thocht his mysded, þat he gret sar. 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. a.i^v They forthinke that inrode. a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) ii. 37 Suddenly forethinking what he had done, he [etc.]. 1704 Min. of Torryburn Sess. in Ess. on Witchcraft (1820) 131 She would make Jean Riȝet forethink what she had done. 5. a. reflexive. To change the direction of one's thoughts; to experience a change of mind or purpose; to repent, be sorry. Const. of, that, or to with infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)] nillOE loathea1200 to make it tough1297 forthinka1300 reckc1300 ruea1400 to make (it) strangec1405 to make strangenessc1407 stick1418 resistc1425 to make (it) strange?1456 steek1478 tarrowc1480 doubt1483 sunyie1488 to make (it) nice1530 stay1533 shentc1540 to make courtesy (at)1542 to make it scrupulous1548 to think (it) much1548 to make dainty of (anything)1555 to lie aback1560 stand1563 steek1573 to hang back1581 erch1584 to make doubt1586 to hang the groin1587 to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589 yearn1597 to hang the winga1601 to make squeamish1611 smay1632 bogglea1638 to hang off1641 waver1643 reluct1648 shy1650 reluctate1655 stickle1656 scruple1660 to make boggle1667 revere1689 begrudge1690 to have scruples1719 stopc1738 bitch1777 reprobate1779 crane1823 disincline1885 the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's mind [verb (reflexive)] forthinka1300 the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (reflexive)] > feel remorse forthinka1300 resent1605 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent [verb (reflexive)] forthinka1300 repentc1300 resent1618 relent1685 a1300 Cursor Mundi 24786 O þis tiþand he him for-thoght. 1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 40 Nor yet you shall forthinke your self, that you haue obeyed..myne aduise. a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxvii. 3 Joudas..seing y^t he was condemned, did forthink himself. 1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii^v Wel may I forethinke me so to haue doone. 1599 Life Sir T. More in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 98 The whole counsell began to forethink them of their forwardness. b. intransitive for reflexive. Const. of. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's opinion [verb (intransitive)] bowa1000 forthinkc1380 to think again1493 recogitate1603 deflect1612 wheel1632 to turn round1808 to flop (over)1884 budge1930 the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > feel remorse ofthinkOE reusieOE overthinkc1175 (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300 forthinkc1380 ruea1400 remordc1450 to rue the day (also hour)c1461 repoin1523 remorse1530 society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)] rueOE i-rewOE ofthinkOE again-chareOE reusieOE overthinkc1175 beetc1200 it athinks me1250 to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300 (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300 repentc1300 forthinkc1380 remordc1450 repoin1523 remorse1530 to take the rue1789 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 279 Þe fende shal..ever forþinke. c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xxii. 48 I..come to ȝowe..forthynkynge inwardly of þat I haue offendet. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxli^v He..than forthynkyth: but late is his complaynt. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 468 He forthocht full soir Of the grit wrang. 1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes lxxxviii. sig. Cv^v Better foresee, than forthynke. 1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 2nd Pt. v. v. sig. Miij Forethinke, of thy forepassed faultes. 6. Occasional uses: a. transitive. To change one's mind about; to renounce. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] to fall from ——a1425 waivec1450 forthink1483 to leave up1523 unresolve1608 startle1612 betray1614 recant1648 recede1650 to turn round1808 to unmake one's mind1848 unwill1871 1483 Festivall (1515) 73 b By temptacyon of the fende they forthought all theyr purpose. b. intransitive. To think or plan something wrong; to conspire. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot [verb (intransitive)] subtlec1300 conspire1393 compass1430 malign?a1439 contrivec1440 machine?c1450 forthink1494 pretenda1500 practise1537 pack1568 brigue1580 machinate1602 manage1603 plot1607 tamper1607 faction1609 collogue1646 intriguea1714 to lay a scheme1826 scheme1842 angle1892 wheel and deal1961 1494 Coll. Hist. Staff. (1891) XII. 334 Sir Humfrey Stanley, with xx persons, forthought ayens your pease and lawis. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1000
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