† forthinkv.
Obsolete.
I. Senses from Old English ðyncan.
1. transitive. To displease, cause regret to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] > displease
mislikeeOE
ofthinkeOE
misquemeOE
likec1175
forthinka1225
mispay?c1225
annoyc1300
there glads (also gains, games) him no gleec1300
unpay1340
offenda1382
to be displeasedc1386
to step or tread on the toes ofc1394
mispleasea1400
unlikea1425
edgec1450
injurea1492
discontenta1513
disdain1530
to set (a person's) teeth on edge1535
displeasure1541
mis-set?1553
dislike1578
to tread on any one's heels or toes1710
flisk1792
unentrance1834
to tread on any one's cornsa1855
umbragea1894
a1225 Juliana 16 Ne ich ne seh him neuer þat me sare forþuncheð.
c1325 Metr. Hom. (Small) xvi To king William bodword was broht Of this tithing, that him for thoht.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1365 (1414) I nas, ne nevere to be I thenke, Ayens a thing that myght the forthenke.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 6446 If..it had you forthoght, Ye might [etc.].
c1530 Adam Bel 548 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 161 I hav y-graunted them graces, And that forthynketh me.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 200 Full sair for~thinkis me, The greit injuris..Done to my sister.
2. impersonal and quasi-impersonal. (it) forthinks (me, him, etc.): I, etc., feel regret, repent, or am sorry. Const. of, for, or that, with subordinate clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > feel remorse
ofthinkOE
reusieOE
overthinkc1175
(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300
forthinkc1380
ruea1400
remordc1450
to rue the day (also hour)c1461
repoin1523
remorse1530
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)]
rueOE
i-rewOE
ofthinkOE
again-chareOE
reusieOE
overthinkc1175
beetc1200
it athinks me1250
to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300
(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300
repentc1300
forthinkc1380
remordc1450
repoin1523
remorse1530
to take the rue1789
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2732 If sco did it hir for-thoght.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 92 Sore hit me for~þynkeþ Of þe dede þat ich haue don.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 285 Me forthynkez ful much þat euer I mon made.
c1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xviii For his dedus him sore for-thoȝte.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xxiv. f. 46 The Lorde hath sworne and it shall not forthynke hym.
1578–1600 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 166 Baneist is faith now euery quhair And sair forthinkes me.
1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Confession in Catech. 12 It forthinkes me sore that I haue sinned.
II. Senses from Old English ðęncan.
3.
a. transitive. To despise or neglect. Old English only.
ΚΠ
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xlviii. Argt. He lærde þæt þa ðearfan hy ne forðohton.
b. intransitive. To be reluctant.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16427 Pilate forthoght þaim bath to wrath.
4. transitive. To think upon with pain; to regret, repent of, be sorry for; rarely passive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (transitive)]
forthink?a1250
ruea1300
remordc1400
sorrow?a1425
forruec1425
overthinkc1450
regreta1500
deplore1567
grieve1597
unwish1629
repent1631
lament1794
?a1250 Ags. Poem clxxvi, in Hickes Thes. (1705) I. 224 Se þæt mai and nele ðeder come, Sore hit sel uorðenche.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 557 Þe souerayn in sete so sore for-þoȝt Þat euer he man vpon molde merked to lyuy.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xii. 1310 Wyth Rewth of Hart for-thynk youre syn.
c1450 How Wise Man tauȝt Sonne (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 49 Þou myȝte seie a word to-day Þat .vij. ȝeer after may be for-þouȝt.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. xv Yf thou entre thou shalt forthynke hit.
c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 445 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 122 He..þane sa fore-thocht his mysded, þat he gret sar.
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. a.iv They forthinke that inrode.
a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) ii. 37 Suddenly forethinking what he had done, he [etc.].
1704 Min. of Torryburn Sess. in Ess. on Witchcraft (1820) 131 She would make Jean Riȝet forethink what she had done.
5.
a. reflexive. To change the direction of one's thoughts; to experience a change of mind or purpose; to repent, be sorry. Const. of, that, or to with infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]
nillOE
loathea1200
to make it tough1297
forthinka1300
reckc1300
ruea1400
to make (it) strangec1405
to make strangenessc1407
stick1418
resistc1425
to make (it) strange?1456
steek1478
tarrowc1480
doubt1483
sunyie1488
to make (it) nice1530
stay1533
shentc1540
to make courtesy (at)1542
to make it scrupulous1548
to think (it) much1548
to make dainty of (anything)1555
to lie aback1560
stand1563
steek1573
to hang back1581
erch1584
to make doubt1586
to hang the groin1587
to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589
yearn1597
to hang the winga1601
to make squeamish1611
smay1632
bogglea1638
to hang off1641
waver1643
reluct1648
shy1650
reluctate1655
stickle1656
scruple1660
to make boggle1667
revere1689
begrudge1690
to have scruples1719
stopc1738
bitch1777
reprobate1779
crane1823
disincline1885
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's mind [verb (reflexive)]
forthinka1300
the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (reflexive)] > feel remorse
forthinka1300
resent1605
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent [verb (reflexive)]
forthinka1300
repentc1300
resent1618
relent1685
a1300 Cursor Mundi 24786 O þis tiþand he him for-thoght.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 40 Nor yet you shall forthinke your self, that you haue obeyed..myne aduise.
a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxvii. 3 Joudas..seing yt he was condemned, did forthink himself.
1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiiiv Wel may I forethinke me so to haue doone.
1599 Life Sir T. More in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 98 The whole counsell began to forethink them of their forwardness.
b. intransitive for reflexive. Const. of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > change of opinion > change one's opinion [verb (intransitive)]
bowa1000
forthinkc1380
to think again1493
recogitate1603
deflect1612
wheel1632
to turn round1808
to flop (over)1884
budge1930
the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (intransitive)] > feel remorse
ofthinkOE
reusieOE
overthinkc1175
(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300
forthinkc1380
ruea1400
remordc1450
to rue the day (also hour)c1461
repoin1523
remorse1530
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)]
rueOE
i-rewOE
ofthinkOE
again-chareOE
reusieOE
overthinkc1175
beetc1200
it athinks me1250
to do (also make, etc.) (one's) penancea1300
(it) forthinks (me, him, etc.)a1300
repentc1300
forthinkc1380
remordc1450
repoin1523
remorse1530
to take the rue1789
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 279 Þe fende shal..ever forþinke.
c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xxii. 48 I..come to ȝowe..forthynkynge inwardly of þat I haue offendet.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxliv He..than forthynkyth: but late is his complaynt.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 468 He forthocht full soir Of the grit wrang.
1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes lxxxviii. sig. Cvv Better foresee, than forthynke.
1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 2nd Pt. v. v. sig. Miij Forethinke, of thy forepassed faultes.
6. Occasional uses:
a. transitive. To change one's mind about; to renounce.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)]
to fall from ——a1425
waivec1450
forthink1483
to leave up1523
unresolve1608
startle1612
betray1614
recant1648
recede1650
to turn round1808
to unmake one's mind1848
unwill1871
1483 Festivall (1515) 73 b By temptacyon of the fende they forthought all theyr purpose.
b. intransitive. To think or plan something wrong; to conspire.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot [verb (intransitive)]
subtlec1300
conspire1393
compass1430
malign?a1439
contrivec1440
machine?c1450
forthink1494
pretenda1500
practise1537
pack1568
brigue1580
machinate1602
manage1603
plot1607
tamper1607
faction1609
collogue1646
intriguea1714
to lay a scheme1826
scheme1842
angle1892
wheel and deal1961
1494 Coll. Hist. Staff. (1891) XII. 334 Sir Humfrey Stanley, with xx persons, forthought ayens your pease and lawis.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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