ad libadv.adj.n.

Brit.

/ˌad ˈlɪb/, U.S.

/ˌæd ˈlɪb/

Forms: 1700s– ad lib., 1800s ad. lib., 1700s– ad lib (without point).

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: ad libitum adv.

Etymology: Shortened < ad libitum adv. (originally as a graphic abbreviation).

A. adv. At one's pleasure or discretion; at will, as one pleases.

1. Music. Used to indicate that the part given to a particular instrument or instruments is optional.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adverb] > adding or varying at will

ad libitum1724

ad lib1769

1769 M. Madan Coll. Psalm & Hymn Tunes 104 (direction) For Adg^o. [= Adagio] Ad Lib.

1788 World 8 Dec. (advt.) Four new sonatas..for the forte piano or harpsichord, with an accompaniment for a violin, ad lib.

1801 Exter Flying-post 17 Sept. (advt.) A Military Divertimento, with Accompaniments, for a Flute, Violin, and Bass ad lib.

1903 Musical Times 44 53/2 Six pieces from the ‘Water Music’, arranged for string quintet with pianoforte accompaniment (ad lib.) are published by Messrs. Novello.

1962 Music & Lett. 43 286 The scores..are to conform to a standard orchestral specification—2.1.2.1; 2.2.1; timpani, with percussion ad lib.; strings.

2005 J. H. Laster Catal. Music Organ & Instruments i. 4 If a second [percussion player] is available, the celesta part (ad lib.) should be performed.

2. In general use: to whatever extent, or in whatever manner, one desires.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb]

to one's willOE

by one's willOE

self-willesOE

after a person's willOE

a-willc1275

at willc1300

at one's (own) liberty1426

ad placituma1556

at pleasure1579

ad libitum1606

arbitrarilya1626

arbitrariously1653

discretionally1655

ad arbitrium1663

voluntarily1676

discretionarily1681

antecedently1682

discretionary?1707

ad lib1791

at one's own sweet will1802

at choice1817

at no allowance1858

1791 H. B. Dudley Woodman i. ix. 15 Lovely Dolly!—dearest Doll! Ever singing toll-de-roll. [stage direct.] Ad lib.

1799 St. James's Chron. 21 May Apply the same..to the parts aggrieved, over which the patient may then safely spread her cob-web coating, ad lib.!

1806 T. Beck Age of Frivolity i. 8 Thus while the voice offensive skill betrays, As through harsh semi-tones, ad lib, it strays.

1855 F. I. Duberly Jrnl. 16 Feb. in Mrs Duberly's War (2007) 145 Turks..saying Mashallah! Mashallah! Ad lib.

1894 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Ebb-tide i. v. 66 I'll have fizz ad lib., or it won't wash.

1900 in A. E. T. Watson Young Sportsman 27 The catalogue may be extended ad lib. for those who require their spring-balance weighing-machine, vaseline,..and small bottle of odourless paraffin.

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Sept. 719/3 Now he could have all he wanted for his mass methods—living material ad lib., hundreds of test-tubes for his cultures in place of dozens.

1966 Res. Vet. Sci. 7 407 In the second treatment, calves were offered milk ad lib. at each meal.

1982 T. Berger Reinhart's Women xx. 289 I did step in to fill the breach left when Buxton had his heart attack: I did it, off the cuff, ad lib!

2007 J. Morrish Folk Handbk. 233 The last two lines of every verse may be repeated ad lib.

B. adj.

a. Music. Of a part for a particular instrument: optional.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [adjective] > parts in harmony or counterpoint > optional part

ad lib1817

1817 J. Parry (title) The favorite air of Lalla Rookh, composed, & arranged with variations for the piano forte, with an ad lib: accompaniment for the flute or flageolet.

1895 Musical Times 36 676/2 A vocal waltz in three parts, with ad lib. accompaniments for castanets, triangle, and tambourine.

1974 Music & Lett. 55 170 The first quintet has ad lib. parts for two horns, two bassoons and double bass.

2004 N. Hawthorne tr. F. Sanvitale Song of Life ii. 238 Occasionally..he added an ad lib violin accompaniment to the piano and voice part.

b. Of a piece of music: performed, or intended to be performed, in whatever manner the performer pleases. Later more generally: extemporized, improvised; performed without preparation or prior rehearsal; spontaneous.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [adjective] > style of performing

ad libitum1786

extempore1795

ad lib1825

improvisational1871

magadized1901

jazzed1917

jazzified1920

stomping1927

in the (or a) groove1932

stodgy1934

groovy1937

swinging1955

riffing1960

Muzaked1962

funkified1974

noodly1981

widdly1984

scratch-mix1987

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adjective] > solo part > added or varied at will

ad lib1825

the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > improvising > impromptu

extemporate1590

extemporary1610

suddena1616

extemporanean1621

extempory1623

extempore1639

extemporaneous1656

impromptu1789

impromptuary1827

ad-libbed1933

off-script1935

ad lib1936

1825 C. Dibdin Comic Tales 76 John the carter joy gives vent, Whistling ad lib. accomp'niment.

1837 Analyst 7 17 The chorus throughout the work are all equally fine in their several styles: the ad lib. and accompanied recitatives are magnificent.

1879 Congregationalist Apr. 316 An ad lib. pause is made between every line, and there is room for short interludes from the organ.

1899 F. Dumont Cuban Spy ii. 29 (stage direct.) Lopez..to relight candle during all of Carl's ad lib. business of escaping up steps.

1936 News (Frederick, Maryland) 13 Oct. 4/8 A kid whose funny ad lib remarks panicked the performers.

1942 Daily News (Huntingdon, Pa.) 18 Sept. 4/7 As she hit her stride, she threw away the script and talked on an ad lib basis.

1958 G. Lascelles in P. Gammond Decca Bk. Jazz viii. 107 With his early big band..he retained a reasonable ad-lib feeling.

1993 Daily Mirror 4 Aug. 9/2 (caption) Usually, very big stars like to stick to their set pieces..and not do anything dangerously ad lib.

2010 V. Benitez Words & Music P. McCartney iv. 131 After the verse's French lyric is repeated, the bass vamp is sounded again, this time with ad-lib vocals.

2. Not according to or involving a set schedule; occurring, used, or distributed as necessary or desired. Originally and esp. with reference to the provision of feed to animals.

ΚΠ

1849 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 10 364 An ad lib. allowance of straw chaff, over which about half a pailful of salt water for each beast..had been thrown.

1886 Essex Standard 27 Nov. 8/2 The genial Chairman of the party..provided an ad lib. supply of champagne.

1892 Baily's Mag. May 293/2 No one..would credit..how much better he [sc. a horse] thrives when watered on the ad lib. plan.

1943 Science 6 Aug. 139/2 The discrepancies between our results and some of those where ad lib. feeding is employed.

1948 Middletown (N.Y.) Times Herald 20 Dec. 5/3 The problem now is handled on an ad lib basis.

1955 AV Communication Rev. 13 307 The chief function of the experimenter since that time has been that of librarian, to provide appropriate reading material on an ad lib schedule.

2007 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 4 May s7 Calves are grown to 20-24 months and finished over the last 10 weeks on a high-octane ad lib diet.

C. n.

A speech, passage of music, etc., performed without preparation or prior rehearsal; an extempore remark or action; an improvisation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun] > unrehearsed or improvised speaking > something spoken without preparation

impromptu1683

ad lib1817

1817 tr. ‘L. A. C. Bombet’ Life of Haydn iv, in Life of Haydn & Life of Mozart 34 A flute-player, instead of stringing together unmeaning difficulties, and making ad. libs. a quarter of an hour long, would take for his subject a lively and melodious air.

1833 London Lit. Gaz. 8 June 364/3 The ad libs which any one may hear going on at this theatre.

1887 Jrnl. Proc. & Addr. National Educ. Assoc. U.S. 1886 571 So carried away by his feelings as to be unwittingly changing his tempo constantly, an accelerando here, an ad lib. there.

1925 Amer. Speech 1 36/1 ‘Can the ad lib!’ which means, politely, ‘Will you be good enough to hush!’

1977 Time 24 Oct. 48/3 Marvelously shoddy masterpieces of farce and fantasy, stitched together with clichés and ad libs.

2001 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 12 Mar. 19 [He] stole the show with his good-humoured ad-libs to the audience.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ad lib
释义	ad libadv.adj.n. Brit. /ˌad ˈlɪb/, U.S. /ˌæd ˈlɪb/ Forms: 1700s– ad lib., 1800s ad. lib., 1700s– ad lib (without point). Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: ad libitum adv. Etymology: Shortened < ad libitum adv. (originally as a graphic abbreviation). A. adv. At one's pleasure or discretion; at will, as one pleases. 1. Music. Used to indicate that the part given to a particular instrument or instruments is optional. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adverb] > adding or varying at will ad libitum1724 ad lib1769 1769 M. Madan Coll. Psalm & Hymn Tunes 104 (direction) For Adg^o. [= Adagio] Ad Lib. 1788 World 8 Dec. (advt.) Four new sonatas..for the forte piano or harpsichord, with an accompaniment for a violin, ad lib. 1801 Exter Flying-post 17 Sept. (advt.) A Military Divertimento, with Accompaniments, for a Flute, Violin, and Bass ad lib. 1903 Musical Times 44 53/2 Six pieces from the ‘Water Music’, arranged for string quintet with pianoforte accompaniment (ad lib.) are published by Messrs. Novello. 1962 Music & Lett. 43 286 The scores..are to conform to a standard orchestral specification—2.1.2.1; 2.2.1; timpani, with percussion ad lib.; strings. 2005 J. H. Laster Catal. Music Organ & Instruments i. 4 If a second [percussion player] is available, the celesta part (ad lib.) should be performed. 2. In general use: to whatever extent, or in whatever manner, one desires. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [adverb] to one's willOE by one's willOE self-willesOE after a person's willOE a-willc1275 at willc1300 at one's (own) liberty1426 ad placituma1556 at pleasure1579 ad libitum1606 arbitrarilya1626 arbitrariously1653 discretionally1655 ad arbitrium1663 voluntarily1676 discretionarily1681 antecedently1682 discretionary?1707 ad lib1791 at one's own sweet will1802 at choice1817 at no allowance1858 1791 H. B. Dudley Woodman i. ix. 15 Lovely Dolly!—dearest Doll! Ever singing toll-de-roll. [stage direct.] Ad lib. 1799 St. James's Chron. 21 May Apply the same..to the parts aggrieved, over which the patient may then safely spread her cob-web coating, ad lib.! 1806 T. Beck Age of Frivolity i. 8 Thus while the voice offensive skill betrays, As through harsh semi-tones, ad lib, it strays. 1855 F. I. Duberly Jrnl. 16 Feb. in Mrs Duberly's War (2007) 145 Turks..saying Mashallah! Mashallah! Ad lib. 1894 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Ebb-tide i. v. 66 I'll have fizz ad lib., or it won't wash. 1900 in A. E. T. Watson Young Sportsman 27 The catalogue may be extended ad lib. for those who require their spring-balance weighing-machine, vaseline,..and small bottle of odourless paraffin. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Sept. 719/3 Now he could have all he wanted for his mass methods—living material ad lib., hundreds of test-tubes for his cultures in place of dozens. 1966 Res. Vet. Sci. 7 407 In the second treatment, calves were offered milk ad lib. at each meal. 1982 T. Berger Reinhart's Women xx. 289 I did step in to fill the breach left when Buxton had his heart attack: I did it, off the cuff, ad lib! 2007 J. Morrish Folk Handbk. 233 The last two lines of every verse may be repeated ad lib. B. adj. 1. a. Music. Of a part for a particular instrument: optional. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [adjective] > parts in harmony or counterpoint > optional part ad lib1817 1817 J. Parry (title) The favorite air of Lalla Rookh, composed, & arranged with variations for the piano forte, with an ad lib: accompaniment for the flute or flageolet. 1895 Musical Times 36 676/2 A vocal waltz in three parts, with ad lib. accompaniments for castanets, triangle, and tambourine. 1974 Music & Lett. 55 170 The first quintet has ad lib. parts for two horns, two bassoons and double bass. 2004 N. Hawthorne tr. F. Sanvitale Song of Life ii. 238 Occasionally..he added an ad lib violin accompaniment to the piano and voice part. b. Of a piece of music: performed, or intended to be performed, in whatever manner the performer pleases. Later more generally: extemporized, improvised; performed without preparation or prior rehearsal; spontaneous. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [adjective] > style of performing ad libitum1786 extempore1795 ad lib1825 improvisational1871 magadized1901 jazzed1917 jazzified1920 stomping1927 in the (or a) groove1932 stodgy1934 groovy1937 swinging1955 riffing1960 Muzaked1962 funkified1974 noodly1981 widdly1984 scratch-mix1987 society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [adjective] > solo part > added or varied at will ad lib1825 the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > improvising > impromptu extemporate1590 extemporary1610 suddena1616 extemporanean1621 extempory1623 extempore1639 extemporaneous1656 impromptu1789 impromptuary1827 ad-libbed1933 off-script1935 ad lib1936 1825 C. Dibdin Comic Tales 76 John the carter joy gives vent, Whistling ad lib. accomp'niment. 1837 Analyst 7 17 The chorus throughout the work are all equally fine in their several styles: the ad lib. and accompanied recitatives are magnificent. 1879 Congregationalist Apr. 316 An ad lib. pause is made between every line, and there is room for short interludes from the organ. 1899 F. Dumont Cuban Spy ii. 29 (stage direct.) Lopez..to relight candle during all of Carl's ad lib. business of escaping up steps. 1936 News (Frederick, Maryland) 13 Oct. 4/8 A kid whose funny ad lib remarks panicked the performers. 1942 Daily News (Huntingdon, Pa.) 18 Sept. 4/7 As she hit her stride, she threw away the script and talked on an ad lib basis. 1958 G. Lascelles in P. Gammond Decca Bk. Jazz viii. 107 With his early big band..he retained a reasonable ad-lib feeling. 1993 Daily Mirror 4 Aug. 9/2 (caption) Usually, very big stars like to stick to their set pieces..and not do anything dangerously ad lib. 2010 V. Benitez Words & Music P. McCartney iv. 131 After the verse's French lyric is repeated, the bass vamp is sounded again, this time with ad-lib vocals. 2. Not according to or involving a set schedule; occurring, used, or distributed as necessary or desired. Originally and esp. with reference to the provision of feed to animals. ΚΠ 1849 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 10 364 An ad lib. allowance of straw chaff, over which about half a pailful of salt water for each beast..had been thrown. 1886 Essex Standard 27 Nov. 8/2 The genial Chairman of the party..provided an ad lib. supply of champagne. 1892 Baily's Mag. May 293/2 No one..would credit..how much better he [sc. a horse] thrives when watered on the ad lib. plan. 1943 Science 6 Aug. 139/2 The discrepancies between our results and some of those where ad lib. feeding is employed. 1948 Middletown (N.Y.) Times Herald 20 Dec. 5/3 The problem now is handled on an ad lib basis. 1955 AV Communication Rev. 13 307 The chief function of the experimenter since that time has been that of librarian, to provide appropriate reading material on an ad lib schedule. 2007 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 4 May s7 Calves are grown to 20-24 months and finished over the last 10 weeks on a high-octane ad lib diet. C. n. A speech, passage of music, etc., performed without preparation or prior rehearsal; an extempore remark or action; an improvisation. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > unrehearsed or improvised speaking > something spoken without preparation impromptu1683 ad lib1817 1817 tr. ‘L. A. C. Bombet’ Life of Haydn iv, in Life of Haydn & Life of Mozart 34 A flute-player, instead of stringing together unmeaning difficulties, and making ad. libs. a quarter of an hour long, would take for his subject a lively and melodious air. 1833 London Lit. Gaz. 8 June 364/3 The ad libs which any one may hear going on at this theatre. 1887 Jrnl. Proc. & Addr. National Educ. Assoc. U.S. 1886 571 So carried away by his feelings as to be unwittingly changing his tempo constantly, an accelerando here, an ad lib. there. 1925 Amer. Speech 1 36/1 ‘Can the ad lib!’ which means, politely, ‘Will you be good enough to hush!’ 1977 Time 24 Oct. 48/3 Marvelously shoddy masterpieces of farce and fantasy, stitched together with clichés and ad libs. 2001 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 12 Mar. 19 [He] stole the show with his good-humoured ad-libs to the audience. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.adj.n.1769
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