free energyn.

Brit.

/ˌfriː ˈɛnədʒi/, U.S.

/ˌfri ˈɛnərdʒi/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: free adj., energy n.

Etymology: < free adj. + energy n. In sense 2 after German freie Energie (H. von Helmholtz 1882: see Helmholtz free energy n. at Helmholtz n. Additions).

1. Available or spare energy of a person; physical energy that is available to be utilized.

ΚΠ

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. vii. lxvi. 59 He had no longer free energy enough for spontaneous research and speculative thinking.

1910 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 6/1 The stability of the existing forms of business structure, the mines, factories..is only secured by a continuous stream of new productive energy. All this is done by adapting and directing the fresh flow of free energy stored in the minds and bodies of men.

1964 D. M. Kaplan & A. Schwerner Domesday Dict. 208 Free energy is the fuel of creation: nuclei are only the ashes.

1972 N.Y. Times 20 Dec. 63/2 The economic process normally consists of taking free energy—such as coal or oil—and ultimately converting it into forms of ‘bound’ energy—such as pollution or wastes that are no longer readily available to produce heat or power.

1996 N.Y. Times 11 Oct. b12/3 Many of the fans not busy yelling at the Orioles spent much of their free energy heckling security personnel or fighting with the officers.

2. Physics and Chemistry. Energy that is available to do work; = Helmholtz free energy n. at Helmholtz n. Additions, Gibbs free energy n. at Gibbs n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > specific types of energy

internal energy1654

positive energy1807

chemical energy1809

energy1852

potential energy1853

atomic energy1854

latent energy1854

static energy1869

free energy1884

rest energy1925

nuclear energy1958

radial energy1959

tangential energy1959

geothermal1960

dark energy1998

quintessence1998

1884 Science 29 Aug. 181/1 Helmholtz has developed the conception of free energy, with very important applications to the theory of the galvanic cell.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) iv. 46 The decrease in free energy represents a decrease in the available chemical energy of the system, but an equivalent quantity of electrical energy is produced which is completely available for any desired purpose.

1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) v. i. 8/1 This combination (U + pV − TS) is also called free energy, but is called the Gibbs free energy when it is necessary to distinguish it from the Helmholtz free energy.

1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) vi. 190 In order for a reaction to take place spontaneously, the free energy of the products must be lower than the free energy of the reactants.

2000 Sci. Amer. Feb. 36/2 Warm water contains more free energy than cold water, and like all compounds it wants to reach a state of lowest free energy.

3. Energy which may be obtained or used at negligible cost.

ΚΠ

1917 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 4 Oct. 1/3 His system of utilizing free energy is as revolutionary as Franklin's discovery of electricity.

1974 N.Y. Times 13 May 1/3 Sunlight provides a continuous source of free energy with no nighttime interruption.

1990 New Scientist 15 Sept. 32/1 Carlton Caves..suggested that a microscopic device, known as a Maxwell demon, might be able to transfer heat from a cold body to a hot body and obtain ‘free’ energy.

2004 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 24 Aug. 21 Free energy from the sun can meet 70 per cent or more of your hot water requirements.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	free energy
释义	free energyn. Brit. /ˌfriː ˈɛnədʒi/, U.S. /ˌfri ˈɛnərdʒi/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: free adj., energy n. Etymology: < free adj. + energy n. In sense 2 after German freie Energie (H. von Helmholtz 1882: see Helmholtz free energy n. at Helmholtz n. Additions). 1. Available or spare energy of a person; physical energy that is available to be utilized. ΚΠ 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. vii. lxvi. 59 He had no longer free energy enough for spontaneous research and speculative thinking. 1910 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 6/1 The stability of the existing forms of business structure, the mines, factories..is only secured by a continuous stream of new productive energy. All this is done by adapting and directing the fresh flow of free energy stored in the minds and bodies of men. 1964 D. M. Kaplan & A. Schwerner Domesday Dict. 208 Free energy is the fuel of creation: nuclei are only the ashes. 1972 N.Y. Times 20 Dec. 63/2 The economic process normally consists of taking free energy—such as coal or oil—and ultimately converting it into forms of ‘bound’ energy—such as pollution or wastes that are no longer readily available to produce heat or power. 1996 N.Y. Times 11 Oct. b12/3 Many of the fans not busy yelling at the Orioles spent much of their free energy heckling security personnel or fighting with the officers. 2. Physics and Chemistry. Energy that is available to do work; = Helmholtz free energy n. at Helmholtz n. Additions, Gibbs free energy n. at Gibbs n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > specific types of energy internal energy1654 positive energy1807 chemical energy1809 energy1852 potential energy1853 atomic energy1854 latent energy1854 static energy1869 free energy1884 rest energy1925 nuclear energy1958 radial energy1959 tangential energy1959 geothermal1960 dark energy1998 quintessence1998 1884 Science 29 Aug. 181/1 Helmholtz has developed the conception of free energy, with very important applications to the theory of the galvanic cell. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) iv. 46 The decrease in free energy represents a decrease in the available chemical energy of the system, but an equivalent quantity of electrical energy is produced which is completely available for any desired purpose. 1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) v. i. 8/1 This combination (U + pV − TS) is also called free energy, but is called the Gibbs free energy when it is necessary to distinguish it from the Helmholtz free energy. 1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) vi. 190 In order for a reaction to take place spontaneously, the free energy of the products must be lower than the free energy of the reactants. 2000 Sci. Amer. Feb. 36/2 Warm water contains more free energy than cold water, and like all compounds it wants to reach a state of lowest free energy. 3. Energy which may be obtained or used at negligible cost. ΚΠ 1917 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 4 Oct. 1/3 His system of utilizing free energy is as revolutionary as Franklin's discovery of electricity. 1974 N.Y. Times 13 May 1/3 Sunlight provides a continuous source of free energy with no nighttime interruption. 1990 New Scientist 15 Sept. 32/1 Carlton Caves..suggested that a microscopic device, known as a Maxwell demon, might be able to transfer heat from a cold body to a hot body and obtain ‘free’ energy. 2004 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 24 Aug. 21 Free energy from the sun can meet 70 per cent or more of your hot water requirements. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1872
随便看	inflame inflamed inflamedly inflamer inflamers inflames inflaming inflamingly inflammabilities inflammability inflammable inflammable air inflammable air light inflammable air inflammableness inflammablenesses inflammables inflammably inflammasome inflammate inflammation inflammations inflammative inflammatorily inflammatory inflashing