foul-weatheradj.

Brit.

/ˌfaʊlˈwɛðə/,

/ˈfaʊlˌwɛðə/, U.S.

/ˌfaʊlˈwɛðər/,

/ˈfaʊlˌwɛðər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: foul adj., weather n.

Etymology: < foul adj. + weather n., probably after fair-weather adj. Compare the earlier noun phrase foul weather (see foul adj. 9).

1. Designed to be worn or used in bad weather; suitable for bad weather. Cf. fair-weather adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > suitable (only) for

foul-weather1744

bad-weather1851

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 15 At first..we split our Main-sail, and then we brought too a foul Weather (that is a bran-new) Main-sail.

1771 W. Wales in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 108 Over these they have a kind of foul-weather jacket.

1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. xii. 153 He remained in his..foul-weather hat.

1996 Cottage Life Mar. 64/2 PU/PV foul-weather suits designed for boaters and yachters usually cost more.

2021 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 Jan. Don't stow away your foul-weather gear too soon—rain and scattered snow could keep falling into Wednesday.

2. Having or characterized by bad weather; relating to or produced by such weather. Cf. fair-weather adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective]

starkOE

unkindc1330

foulc1390

distemperate1398

distempered1490

untemperate1525

intemperate1526

naughty1541

intempered1556

unkindly1579

sour1582

unclement1598

filthy1600

nasty1634

dirty1660

inclement1667

inclemental1709

wretched1711

foul-weather1750

ungenial1816

wersh1830

shabby1853

1750 Jrnl. Boscawen's Voy. Bombay 10 We remarked in our Passage, that it was our foul-weather Day, having only one more such after that.

1851 W. P. Snow Voy. Prince Albert xxiv. 331 Every thing denoting that state of affairs in the weather so much disliked by seamen,—a foul-weather calm.

1995 Texas Monthly (Nexis) Dec. 184 Muscovy duck in a blueberry demi-glace made for fair-weather dining on a foul-weather winter eve.

1999 New Yorker 23 Aug. 134/2 The needle on the barograph drum..was sinking past the thousand-millibar lines into the foul-weather nine-nineties.

Compounds

foul-weather friend n. a friend who can be relied upon during times of adversity; (also depreciative) a person who is friendly or dependable only at such times. Opposed to fair-weather friend.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > constant or steadfast friend

fast friend1509

foul-weather friend1845

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > unreliability > [noun] > of persons > unreliable person

flippera1400

fair-weather friend1685

waffler1805

foul-weather friend1845

1845 League 25 Jan. 277/1 We had heard of ‘fair-weather’ friends, and it might have been said, perhaps, that the League were ‘foul-weather’ friends.

1857 S. V. S. Wilder Seventy-seven Maxims in Rec. from Life (1865) App. 376 Bear in mind, while basking in the sunshine of prosperity, that you cannot prove who are your foul-weather friends, until the storms of adversity shall detach and scatter your fair-weather acquaintances.

1978 A. Adams Listening to Billie xxii. 179 You'd be great if I were bleeding to death; you'd run right over with bandages. But you can't stand for anything good to happen to me. You're a foul-weather friend, Kathleen.

2009 M. Baron When you went Away xxii. 304 I knew right at that moment..that you were the kind of person who others could count on, a great foul-weather friend.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	foul-weather
释义	foul-weatheradj. Brit. /ˌfaʊlˈwɛðə/, /ˈfaʊlˌwɛðə/, U.S. /ˌfaʊlˈwɛðər/, /ˈfaʊlˌwɛðər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: foul adj., weather n. Etymology: < foul adj. + weather n., probably after fair-weather adj. Compare the earlier noun phrase foul weather (see foul adj. 9). 1. Designed to be worn or used in bad weather; suitable for bad weather. Cf. fair-weather adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > suitable (only) for foul-weather1744 bad-weather1851 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 15 At first..we split our Main-sail, and then we brought too a foul Weather (that is a bran-new) Main-sail. 1771 W. Wales in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 108 Over these they have a kind of foul-weather jacket. 1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. xii. 153 He remained in his..foul-weather hat. 1996 Cottage Life Mar. 64/2 PU/PV foul-weather suits designed for boaters and yachters usually cost more. 2021 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 Jan. Don't stow away your foul-weather gear too soon—rain and scattered snow could keep falling into Wednesday. 2. Having or characterized by bad weather; relating to or produced by such weather. Cf. fair-weather adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] starkOE unkindc1330 foulc1390 distemperate1398 distempered1490 untemperate1525 intemperate1526 naughty1541 intempered1556 unkindly1579 sour1582 unclement1598 filthy1600 nasty1634 dirty1660 inclement1667 inclemental1709 wretched1711 foul-weather1750 ungenial1816 wersh1830 shabby1853 1750 Jrnl. Boscawen's Voy. Bombay 10 We remarked in our Passage, that it was our foul-weather Day, having only one more such after that. 1851 W. P. Snow Voy. Prince Albert xxiv. 331 Every thing denoting that state of affairs in the weather so much disliked by seamen,—a foul-weather calm. 1995 Texas Monthly (Nexis) Dec. 184 Muscovy duck in a blueberry demi-glace made for fair-weather dining on a foul-weather winter eve. 1999 New Yorker 23 Aug. 134/2 The needle on the barograph drum..was sinking past the thousand-millibar lines into the foul-weather nine-nineties. Compounds foul-weather friend n. a friend who can be relied upon during times of adversity; (also depreciative) a person who is friendly or dependable only at such times. Opposed to fair-weather friend. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > constant or steadfast friend fast friend1509 foul-weather friend1845 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > unreliability > [noun] > of persons > unreliable person flippera1400 fair-weather friend1685 waffler1805 foul-weather friend1845 1845 League 25 Jan. 277/1 We had heard of ‘fair-weather’ friends, and it might have been said, perhaps, that the League were ‘foul-weather’ friends. 1857 S. V. S. Wilder Seventy-seven Maxims in Rec. from Life (1865) App. 376 Bear in mind, while basking in the sunshine of prosperity, that you cannot prove who are your foul-weather friends, until the storms of adversity shall detach and scatter your fair-weather acquaintances. 1978 A. Adams Listening to Billie xxii. 179 You'd be great if I were bleeding to death; you'd run right over with bandages. But you can't stand for anything good to happen to me. You're a foul-weather friend, Kathleen. 2009 M. Baron When you went Away xxii. 304 I knew right at that moment..that you were the kind of person who others could count on, a great foul-weather friend. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1744
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