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单词 freely
释义

freelyadj.n.

Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and -ly suffix1.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian frīlīk free, Old Saxon frīlīk noble, fair, Old High German frīlīh free (Middle High German vrīlīch , early modern German freilich ) < the Germanic base of free adj. + the Germanic base of -ly suffix1.In Old English the prefixed form gefrēolic is also attested.
Obsolete.
A. adj.
Free, noble; excellent, admirable, goodly; beautiful, lovely.A common complimentary epithet in Middle English poetry; cf. free adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adjective]
freelyOE
freeOE
noblea1250
sovereignful1508
stately?1549
noblemanly1812
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > and noble or magnificent
dearOE
freelyOE
athelOE
highlyOE
dearwortha1175
noblec1325
worshipful1340
dearworthyc1374
ingenuous1598
valuable1598
OE Riddle 14 13 Hwilum ic bordum sceal, heard, heafodleas, behlyþed licgan, hwilum hongige hyrstum frætwed, wlitig [on] wage, þær weras drincað, freolic fyrdsceorp.
OE Beowulf (2008) 615 Þa freolic wif ful gesealde ærest Eastdena eþelwearde.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 24 A meiden..feir ant freolich o wlite ant o westum.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 193 (MED) Sone to deþ þer drewe Mani a frely fode.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 822 (MED) Alle freliche foules þat on þat friþ songe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8377 Þou freli king, sa ful o bliss.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 162 To þis frelych feste þat fele arn to called.
c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 192 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 6 Of hyre wit sche ȝed nere wod For sorrow of that frely fud.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 49 (MED) Ryse vp now, with thi frely face.
c1560 (a1500) Squyr Lowe Degre (Copland) 545 Undo thy dore! my frely floure.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 174 Rycht fair of face and frelie of fassoun,..he wes.
a1801 Kemp Owyne i, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1884) I. ii. 309/1 Come here, come here, you freely feed, An lay your head low on my knee.
B. n.
A person who is noble, excellent, etc.Cf. free n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun]
freedomeOE
earlshipOE
noblesse?c1225
anourc1330
freelya1350
nobleheada1382
nobletya1387
nobléc1395
nobilitya1400
generosity?a1475
apparage?1504
quality1579
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun] > noble person or man
earleOE
wyeOE
freeOE
nobleman?c1225
athelc1275
noblec1325
douzepersc1330
freelya1350
hathela1350
gentlec1400
nobleness1490
gentle blood1575
comes1583
altezza1595
birth1596
nobility1841
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 38 (MED) A sponne lengore þen y mette þat freoly ys to fede.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 1155 (MED) Quen I seȝ my frely, I wolde be þere.
c1475 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 14 Of that freli to fold, And the kene knyȝte.

Derivatives

freelyhead n. [see -head suffix] free or voluntary action; spontaneity.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > [noun] > specifically in a person
honourc1300
virtuousnessc1449
freelyheadc1450
magnitude?a1475
nobility1508
ingenuity1598
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 186 Þe vj. spanne in þe handyl of þi confessioun is frelyhede; þat frely..for loue & deuocyoun to god, þou art schreuyn.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

freelyadv.

Brit. /ˈfriːli/, U.S. /ˈfrili/
Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and -ly suffix2; also Old English fredlice (in a late copy, transmission error), Old English freolre (in a late copy, transmission error).
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: free adj., -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < free adj. + -ly suffix2. Compare Old High German frīlīhhēn (Middle High German vrīlīche, vrīlīchen, German freilich, now only in sense ‘of course, admittedly’), Middle Dutch vrīlīke, Middle Low German vrīlīke, vrīlīken.
1.
a. Of one's own accord, spontaneously; without constraint or reluctance; unreservedly, without stipulation; readily, willingly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > [adverb]
freelyeOE
wilfullyc1000
by one's willOE
of oneselfOE
self-willesOE
of one's own willOE
willyOE
with one's willc1175
voluntarilyc1374
wilfulc1380
of one's own heada1393
willea1400
willilya1400
of (free) voluntyc1402
of or at one's (own) voluntyc1402
of one's own motion1419
of (also by, with) one's (own) goodwill?a1425
on one's own heada1425
of (also by, on, upon) one's own accorda1450
activelyc1454
willinglyc1475
voluntary1480
liberallya1500
of one's own swinge1548
voluntariously1550
voluntarlyc1568
for favour1574
at voluntary1585
of, out of, upon, or at (a person's) own voluntary1585
selfly1595
motu proprio1603
ultroneously1627
unimposedly1647
spontaneously1660
needlessly1710
unmechanically1764
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xciii. 1 Deus ultionum dominus deus ultionum libere egit : god wreca dryhten god wręca freolice dyde.
OE Metrical Creed 15 Ides unmæne [sc. the Virgin Mary], heo þæt ærende onfeng freolice, and ðe fæder sylfne under breostcofan bearn acende.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5547 Þe folc..of Flaundres freoliche him fulsten.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 209 Gij him answerd freliche: ‘Sir, ichil wel bleþeliche’.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 888 And right as frely as he sente hir me As frely sente I hire to hym agayn.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 139 (MED) The reaume off Ffraunce givith neuer ffrely off thair owne gode will any subsidie to thair prince.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Diii These..gyftes & graces, he hath gyuen to vs frely.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 48 Let vs freely forsake all such things [sc. worldly goods].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 112 Lord Timon, heare me speake. Tim. Freely good Father. View more context for this quotation
1699 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 9) 6 Let none..despise..these short Directions, so freely and ingenuously imparted.
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II. at Loyal A Horse is said to be loyal, who freely bends all his Force in obeying and performing any manage he is put to.
1774 Story Aeneas & Dido Burlesqued 45 I'd freely give a golden guinea If I could have a pickaninny.
1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism viii. 333 Prejudice and antiquated jealousy did not freely yield themselves up.
1862 J. Ruskin Unto this Last 82 He may either give it us freely, or demand payment for it.
1889 Harper's Mag. Aug. 413/2 They told me freely the ingredients of their preparations, bringing me samples of each component part.
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 200 These average good men who had ‘joined up’ freely, who had longed for the end of home training and the transfer ‘out Front’.
1953 ‘P. Lanham’ & A. S. Mopeli-Paulus Blanket Boy's Moon i. ii. 23 I freely promise that I will go no more at night from beer-drink to beer-drink.
1989 L. Kennedy On my Way to Club xx. 349 Speer..freely admitted and was repentant for his share of the guilt.
2002 J. C. Wharton Nature Cures v. 123 These and like-minded bands of healers..freely acknowledged Quimby as their founder.
b. With freedom of will or choice.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will
in one's free will?c1225
at a person's willc1300
abandonc1330
freely1340
wilfully1340
contingently1601
electively1636
facultatively1887
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 86 Uri-wyl, huer-by he may chyese, and do, uryliche oþer þet guod oþer þet kuead.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) ii. ii. 28 They [sc. angels] haue myght & power frely to chese to vnderstonde & to loue.
1595 W. Perkins Expos. Creed Apostles 106 Yet was hee [sc. Adam] not bound by any necessitie, but had his libertie freely to chuse or refuse either good or euill.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 538 Freely we serve, Because wee freely love, as in our will To love or not. View more context for this quotation
1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) x. 117 No man is accountable, rewardable or punishable, but for that in which he acts freely.
1732 D. Millar Omniscience of God 229 Foreseeing which, of two or more possible things, the Agent will freely choose.
1795 J. Mellen Great & Happy Doctr. Liberty 29 They acted freely, and their actions originated from themselves.
1838 H. W. Herbert Cromwell I. i. vi. 107 You are too greatly agitated yet, calmly to hear, and freely to decide on that, which..you must consider warily and well!
1892 Old & New Test. Student 15 211 Adam was created in the full possession of his powers so that he could freely choose between good and evil.
1946 T. H. White Mistress Masham's Repose i. 11 It seems impossible that he could have chosen her freely, considering what she was.
1947 Times 16 July 6/5 It was most undesirable that we should attempt in any way to..force a solution. Whatever was done must be freely done.
1983 H. J. Berman Law & Revol. iv. 177 This blessedness requires that man freely submit his will to God.
2001 C. Coker Humane Warfare i. 19 Humane wars are likewise predicated on the belief that martyrdom is illegitimate unless freely chosen.
2. Without constraint or reserve in regard to speech; unreservedly, frankly, openly, plainly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > sincerity, freedom from deceit > [adverb] > frankly
freelyeOE
unreservedly1708
candidly1762
outspokenly1855
straight1874
man to man1902
(straight) from the shoulder1904
squat1909
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xv. 89 Oft eac ða unwaran lareowas for ege..ne durron forðon ryht freolice læran & unforwandodlice sprecan.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 73 Freolice he spæc her, and ful andrædlice, hwa mihte openiȝan þa unsceapenæ eaȝen and him sihðe ȝifen, buton ðe ðe ȝeisceop ær Adam of eorðan and Euam of his ribbe?
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 477 (MED) Whan kyng Henry was dede men demede of hym and spak freliche what þey wolde.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 58 b We must speak freelie without supping vp our wordes, and bringing them but half forth.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 252 I freely told you. View more context for this quotation
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. viii. 32 To speake freely what cannot bee concealed. View more context for this quotation
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. iv. 16 He may speak his mind freely to me without fear of offending.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ii. 46 We were shewn a room where we could converse more freely.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. xii. 322 His unrequired presence prevented me from speaking freely to Syddall.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 69 She well knew that she was not handsome, and jested freely on her own homeliness.
1884 Leeds Mercury 24 Oct. 8/2 He..freely criticised the policy of the Government in South Africa.
1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Property 42 Old Jolyon was too much of a Forsyte to praise anything freely; especially anything for which he had a genuine admiration.
1951 M. Lavin Single Lady & other Stories 14 In her own university days there was nothing, absolutely nothing, that was not discussed freely.
1982 J. Simms Unsolicited Gift iii. 71 People talk so freely about their experience of birth that you should know what to expect.
2000 Wasafiri Autumn 43/2 The advantages of liminality have allowed me to write freely about ‘hush-up’ and hushed-up experience.
3. Without restraint or restriction upon action or activity; without hindrance, inhibition, or interference.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > [adverb] > without hindrance or encumberment
freelyeOE
wellOE
freec1250
glidderly13..
without (also but) lettingc1330
oliver current1466
smootha1500
pronewise1585
currently1586
glib1594
glibly1607
clearly1612
swimminglya1640
smoothly1668
uninterrupted1677
unobstructedly1788
smack-smooth1802
sweetly1825
sweet1846
unimpededly1846
hitchlessly1910
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [adverb]
freelyeOE
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) xviii. 45 Sio sawl færð swiðe friolice to hefonum, siððan hio..for þæm carcern[e þ]æs lichoman onlesed bið.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Hatton) (1900) ii. Pref. 95 He wæs þa gita on þissere eorðan, þæt he mihte freolice brucan hwilwendlicra þinga [OE Corpus Cambr. hwilwendlice lifigean swa ma manna doð].
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xciii. 1 (MED) God ys Lord of vengeaunces; God of vengeaunce did frelich [L. libere].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2238 Þat ai quen we se ani chesun, Freli may climb vp and dun.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1106 Hit ferde freloker in fete in his fayre honde.
a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 362 (MED) Þanne Goddis lawe myȝte freeli renne bi þe lymytis þat Crist haþ ordeyned.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 174 Frely to haue passage throu all realmes.
1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 34 §8 Every suche Woman..[shall] frely enjoye..all hir owne inheretaunce.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 17v To thende the fire maye..burne the freelyer.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 38 The woman may frelie marie, against the will of the over-lord.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 149 That the Light may the freelier play upon the Glass.
1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius Of Consol. Philos. i. 10 I began to breathe more freely.
1790 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Midland Counties I. 143 On this bar or string of iron, a ring, with a chain passing to the wheels, plays freely from end to end.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 103 The water in the mill-tail will not run off freely, but stands pent up in the wheel-race.
1874 J. Morley On Compromise 1 The right of thinking freely and acting independently.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator viii. 91/1 These wheels turn freely upon the shaft.
1908 Animal Managem. (War Office) 17 The skin..when handled, should feel ‘loose’ and freely movable over the structures beneath.
1956 S. Bedford Legacy (1984) ii. i. 33 The old gentlemen, his father's guests, wept freely.
1982 I. Asimov Foundation's Edge (1983) i. 17 Once I am home, I presume I may then go about my business freely—that I may leave, for instance, if I choose.
2002 Good Weekend (Austral.) 6 July 11/2 People were forced together in the air-raid shelters, unable to move freely.
4. Without stint; generously, liberally; plentifully, abundantly, profusely.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [adverb]
roomlyOE
freelyOE
unsparelya1225
largelyc1225
largec1350
liberallyc1410
unsparinglya1500
beneficially1530
bounteously1531
plenteously1535
frankly1551
well1565
well-favouredly1570
bountifully1580
prodigally1590
amply1594
munificently1594
royally1601
prodigal1603
generously1623
ungrudginglya1631
lavishly1769
unstintingly1857
spaciously1864
open-handedly1924
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adverb] > liberally or without stint
roomlyOE
freelyOE
unwaindandlyc1425
roundc1450
liberally1509
superabundantly1530
spareless1567
meeterly1589
generously1623
handsomely1686
unstintedly1849
OE Genesis A (1931) 1342 Fed freolice feora wocre oð ic þære lafe lagosiða eft reorde under roderum ryman wille.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12332 (MED) Iesus tok þis corn..And freli it abute him delt.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 20 For þay schal frely be refete ful of alle gode.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 1719 He spendeth, jousteth, maketh festeynges; He yeveth frely ofte.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 301 You would drinke freely . View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. ii. 16 Of euery tree of the garden thou mayest freely eate. View more context for this quotation
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 100 (note) Throw your monies away freely in the Alehouse.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 89 We eat very freely.
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 147 Bestow'd on man..Royally, freely, for his bounty sake.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 431 The blood flowed freely.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 23/2 He lived in princely style and spent his money freely.
1883 Rep. Geol. Explor. N. Zealand 39 Gold has been found freely.
1892 Dixon's Seed Catal. 37 Brachycome Iberidifolia..blooms freely, and is useful for bedding.
1904 R. E. Lee Recoll. & Lett. Gen. R. E. Lee xx. 364 To keep him free from fever-and-ague, my brother dosed him freely with cholagogue.
1946 P. G. Wodehouse Let. 6 Apr. in Yours, Plum (1990) iii. 106 I always knew we were for it, as we went in freely for hot water and heaters during those cold months.
1988 B. Chatwin Utz 21 The sale of his Sudetenland farms..allowed him to spend money freely.
2004 S. Dudley Calypso Music in Trinidad vi. 102 Chutney songs also include Trinidadian idioms that Indians use as freely as creoles.
5. Nobly; excellently, beautifully. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adverb]
freelyOE
nobly1591
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adverb] > and nobly or splendidly
micklelyeOE
highlyeOE
freelyOE
dearworthlyc1230
gloriously1393
dearworthilya1400
farrandlyc1400
stately?a1439
finely?1552
gallantly1552
goldenly1580
rarely1581
sightly1592
superbly1769
splendidly1774
splendiferously1841
swell1856
in there1944
OE Death of Edward (Tiber. B.i) 22 Syððan forð becom freolice [OE Tiber. B.iv freolic] in geatwum, kyningc kystum god, clæne and milde, Eadward se æðela, eðel bewerode, land and leode.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 197 Under hire nebscheft al se freoliche ischapet.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14442 Þa weoren..an hundred and sixti þusend freoliche iwapned.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 70 (MED) Yef þou wylt libbe vriliche, lyerne to sterue gledliche.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 2634 On þe fairest on face and frelokest ischapen.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 10 (MED) Fulle frely he lyued here.
?c1450 Pistel of Swete Susan (Pierpont Morgan) 98 (MED) Þer was fowles and frute freliche fayre.
1568 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 184 Of statur large, and frely [a1525 Asl. farly] fair of face.
6. In freedom, with the rights of free birth; with absolute possession (of property, liberties, etc.); without servitude. freely begotten: of gentle birth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [adverb] > in freedom or without servitude
freelylOE
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [adverb] > with rights of free man
freelylOE
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [adverb] > in absolute possession
freelylOE
allodially1734
udally1909
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Ða cwæð seo kyning, hit is litel þeos gife, ac ic wille þet hi hit hælden swa kynelice & swa freolice, þet þær ne be numen of na geld na gaule, buton to þa munecan ane.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 2713 Ȝe scullen..habben freoliche eoure lond.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4791 Belin king..freoliche [c1300 Otho freliche] hine lette faren, and alle his iueren.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 45 (MED) Ah, feyre þinges, freoly bore, when me ou woweþ, beþ war.
1415 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 24 Hers of his body frelych be-gotun.
c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Envoy to Bukton (Fairf. 16) (1879) l. 31 God graunte yow your lyfe frely to lede In fredam.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 27 And that the gouernaunce of heuene longeth freeliche to me.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 228 He levys at ese that frely levys.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. iijv/1 That citezens of london..of al their libarteis and fre vsage as holly and fully be restored. As them the tyme of ony our progenitours kingis frelyest and fullyest they had.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. i. 65 Bot it suld joys all fredomys, Frawnchis, profyt, and customys, Alsa frely as before.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 247 I must freely haue the halfe of any thing that this same paper brings you. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iv. 39 Thou shalt liue as freely as thy Lord, To call his fortunes thine. View more context for this quotation
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 612 A Canon or Prebend doth as freely hold his prebendary of the Church as the Bishop doth his Barony.
7.
a. Without payment or cost, gratis; = free adv. 2. Now rare.Formerly also: †without recompense (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > charges > freedom from charge > [adverb]
freelyc1330
(all) for nought1535
at (formerly also for, of, on, upon) free cost1542
for nothing1569
without price1611
freea1631
free cost1648
gratuitously1717
buckshee1918
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5889 (MED) Þer men miȝtten haue frely Four c steden for gramerci.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lii. 3 Freeli [L. gratis] ȝee ben sold.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 5965 Quod gratis accepistis, gratis date. He says ‘þat þat yhe haf of grace fre And frely resayved, frely gyf yhe’.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 307 (MED) Hir fadir myȝte haue had for þi ranson grete goodis, and sithe she deliuered þe so frely, she dud grete preiudice and harme to hire fadir.
a1553 in H. Cole Hen. VIII's Scheme Bishopricks (1838) 117 Borde and tabelyng frely in the late Monasterie to one scole~master.
1589 Act 31 Eliz. c. 6 §1 Freelye without anye rewarde.
1681 T. Delaune & B. Keach Τροπολογία ii. 140/1 Manna was a Gift, it was given to Israel freely, it cost them nothing.
1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. 264 For 153 children to be taught freely.
1790 W. Hazlitt Disc. for Use of Families vii. 149 Let it be distributed freely. Or, at least, let them have it for the price which was formerly received for it.
1912 W. C. Braithwaite Beginnings of Quakerism 351 The Synod at Glasgow..had directed that no people in other parishes should..entertain them either freely or for money.
1968 Jrnl. Music Acad. Madras 39 39 The musicians, some of whom sang freely.
b. Without penalty or punishment. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxxvi. 116 Somme of hem lete he go frelych and somme lete he putte to the deth.
1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Dii Let none breake such lawes frely.
c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 163 Which were discharged frelie without paying any fine to the cittie.
8. Entirely, completely, unreservedly. Also used as an intensifier: very. Scottish in later use. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in the Northern Isles, north-eastern Scotland, Angus, and Midlothian in 1953.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb]
fullyeOE
allesOE
fullOE
rightc1175
everydealc1300
wholec1300
whollya1325
finelyc1330
fairly1340
completec1374
gainlya1375
clearly1377
freelya1393
plaina1393
entire?a1400
entirelyc1400
oddlyc1400
sufficientlyc1440
expressc1475
totally1509
completely1526
finec1530
exactly?1531
sincerely1576
start1599
fillingly1611
circularly1618
solid1651
out-over1745
rotundly1775
roundedly?1802
whole hog1840
clear-away1883
whole cloth1917
righteous1948
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > very
tooc888
swith971
wellOE
wellOE
fullOE
rightc1175
muchc1225
wellac1275
gainlya1375
endlyc1440
hard?1440
very1448
odda1500
great1535
jolly1549
fellc1600
veryvery1649
gooda1655
vastly1664
strange1667
bloody1676
ever so1686
heartily1727
real1771
precious1775
quarely1805
murry1818
très1819
freely1820
powerfula1822
gurt1824
almighty1830
heap1832
all-fired1833
gradely1850
real1856
bonny1857
heavens1858
veddy1859
canny1867
some1867
oh-so1881
storming1883
spanking1886
socking1896
hefty1898
velly1898
fair dinkum1904
plurry1907
Pygmalion1914
dinkum1915
beaucoup1918
dirty1920
molto1923
snorting1924
honking1929
hellishing1931
thumpingly1948
way1965
mega1966
mondo1968
seriously1970
totally1972
mucho1978
stonking1990
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2847 (MED) Al myn herte is upon on So frely, that in the persone Stant al my worldes joie.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 683 I ȝow swor to ben al frely ȝour.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 484 (MED) As in the charter of feffement that Alise..made therof to the forsaid Religious women more better and frelyer shewith and witnessith.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiv Our seymly souerane..will noght cese, Quhill he haue frely fangit your frendschip.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 173 Quhone flude and fyre sall our it frak And frelie frustir feild and fure.
1728 State Trials (1813) XVII. 139 The kennel was deep and dirty, and the pannel was deep in it, but not freely covered.
1773 R. Fergusson Poems (1925) 78 Shapes war nor thae, I freely ween Cou'd never meet the soldier's ein.
1820 A. Sutherland St. Kathleen III. 103 By the siller ye sent me, I dootna bit ye've been freely lucky.
1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xi. 82 ‘I wud like freely weel to see them, man,’ said the stranger.
1934 J. M. Caie Kindly North 49 I dinna like tae speer,—but div ye freely think it's fair?
9. Without observance of or conformity to strict rule or convention; loosely, broadly; not literally or exactly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > [adverb] > without strict adherence to rule, etc.
freely1744
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [adverb] > freely
sententiouslyc1450
freely1870
1744 Universal Hist. (Dublin rev. ed.) I. Introd. 9 Which Words Dr. Cudworth has translated, somewhat freely Essential Goodness.
1791 J. Aikin Poems 101 (heading) A Chorus from the Hercules Furens of Seneca, freely translated.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. viii. 135 Freely pencilled houses and trees.
1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius vii. 180 Only a freely sweeping line can justly express the form.
1870 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 122 Translate it somewhat freely.
1907 ‘N. Blanchan’ Birds Every Child should Know iv. 62 The excited bird, whose familiar..triplet has been too freely translated, he thinks, into Fol-low me, fol-low-me, fol-low-me.
1967 E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 27 An abstract design can be based on freely drawn organic shapes.
1985 H. Clark Textile Printing 5 (caption) The so called ‘Tree of Life’, a symbolic image common on Indian painted and printed palampores (hangings), was freely adapted for European chintz.
2005 Independent 21 June 34/2 There were many who felt Taylor interpreted the Bible too freely to suit his theological positions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.OEadv.eOE
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