forcedadj.
/fɔːst/, U.S. /fɔrst/ 1. Subjected to violence.
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the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > subjected to violence
forced1621
outrageda1711
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis i. 25 [She] implores the liquid Sisters aid, To change her shape and pitty a forc't Maid.
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis iii. 85 Let his forc't breath Expire in groanes.
2.
a. Compelled, imposed, or exacted by force; enforced, compulsory; not spontaneous, voluntary, or optional. spec. forced labour (also as attributive phr.); †forced man: a pressed man.
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society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion
threata1400
constraintc1430
compelled1541
compulsed1541
violent?1550
extorted1552
wrested1565
coacted1570
enforced1576
forced1576
compulsory1581
commandeda1586
coactive1596
infortiate1601
extortious1602
coact1610
compulsive1611
exacted1618
necessitous1632
violented1641
necessary1655
on-forced1656
commandatorya1659
extorsive1669
compellable1677
compulsatory1748
obbligato1780
coerced1877
mandatory1891
shotgun1937
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [adjective] > characterized by rape > raped
violatec1425
ravisheda1500
forced1576
abriped1623
raped1655
stuprated1727
violatedc1760
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > conscript
levy1611
pressman1638
forced man1748
lotman1758
conscript1798
draftee1866
draft1916
chocolate soldier1939
choco1940
selectee1940
G.I.1943
national serviceman1949
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > forced, statute, or feudal work
week-worklOE
servicec1300
corvée1340
task-work1582
statute work1683
statute labour1729
statute duty1753
slave labour1820
forced labour1872
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > compelling the fulfilment or performance of > of work or service > forced labour
forced labour1872
1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 261 Wherein is declared the merite of free obedience and forced duetie.
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 32 To this alone, I giue a forc't consent.
1661 Grand Deb. Rev. & Alteration Bk. Common Prayer 77 They had many Lyturgies in one Princes Dominion, and those alterable, and not forced.
1702 J. Dennis Comical Gallant 49 A forced Marriage is but a lawful Rape.
1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) VI. 299 A forced peace is soon followed by a war.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. iii. 28 Spaniards being no strangers to the dissatisfaction of their forced men.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 110 Forced or fictitious testaments.
1798 Ld. Nelson 27 Jan. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 4 There ought to be the greatest difference made between a forced man and the man who voluntarily offers his life to preserve his country.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. vii. 64 There no forc'd banquet claims the sated guest.
18.. R. C. Browne Milton's Poems Introd. p. li From March 1626 to July 1627, when the system of forced loans was in full operation.
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking vii. 145 The forced paper currency.
1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 35 The forced labour of slaves.
1931 Economist 17 Jan. 105/2 Some of the worst features of the report..are those relating to what is euphemistically described as the official recruitment of labour, for export, mainly to Fernando Po, and to forced labour conditions.
1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 276 They..were kept in the Moroccan forced-labour battalions to work in mines and quarries.
1942 Ann. Reg. 1941 175 Trials of people for kindness towards prisoners of war and foreigners doing forced labour.
1960 Guardian 15 Nov. 8/5 Lord Altrincham's call for conscription seems to be for both military service and civil jobs such as road making. The latter is ordinarily termed forced labour.
b. forced move n. in a game, one rendered inevitable by the action of the adversary or the position of the piece. Cf. forced put, force-put n.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > type of move
neck1557
stroke1735
key1845
forced move1847
key-move1847
fianchetto1848
queening1860
pinning1900
mutate1922
valve1930
zwischenzug1941
1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. i. ii. 22 When a player has only one legal move at command, it is said to be a forced move.
1890 R. F. Green Chess 31 The capture of a Pawn en passant is a forced move, if none other be possible.
c. forced feeding n. = force-feeding n. at force-feed v. Derivatives.
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the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > feeding > methods of feeding
spoonage1586
hand feeding1750
gavage1889
forced feeding1901
force-feeding1909
self-feeding1917
tube-feed1964
tube-feeding1964
1901 G. C. Watson Farm Poultry ix. 161 It is quite possible to injure the digestion of laying hens by a system of forced feeding.
1923 H. A. Roberts Commercial Poultry Raising xv. 207 Forced feeding must not be carried to the point where it affects and impairs stamina and health.
d. forced landing: the unpremeditated landing of an aircraft in an emergency; hence force-land v. intr., to make a forced landing.
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society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > emergency
forced landing1917
a wing and a prayer1943
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land > make emergency landing
force-land1917
1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings 8 That aerial highwayman the forced landing.
1921 Flight 13 440/2 They left Croydon..in a Goliath, which had, unfortunately, to force-land at Amiens.
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station i. 44 This machine was crashed as a result of a forced landing.
1936 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 40 28 An engine failure is defined as engine trouble (apart from fuel system) causing a forced landing.
1958 Oxf. Mail 21 Jan. 1/1 A United States Navy plane..force-landed about 450 miles from its destination.
1961 L. van der Post Heart of Hunter viii. 120 Some R.A.F. men..had made a forced landing in the desert.
e. forced-choice adj. used attributively of a question, technique, etc., in which the participant must choose between a number of pre-arranged alternatives.
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society > education > educational administration > examination > [adjective] > type of examination > type of question
forced-choice1944
open-ended1944
open-end1952
1944 Shipley & Graham Summary Res. on Personal Inventory 1 Its items..are cast in forced-choice form to promote valid answering.
1957 E. Bott Family & Social Network vi. 170 Answers to forced-choice questions need not represent the subject's attitudes.
1964 D. B. Fry in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 62 The listener is placed in a ‘forced choice’ situation.
1967 J. F. Corso in H. Helson et al. Contemp. Approaches Psychol. vii. 304 To predict performance in a forced-choice test, an extension of the decision model is required.
1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. Jan. 96 These statements were mimeographed and presented in the form of a forced-choice true and false test.
1970 Language 46 304 Despite their close agreement in the ‘forced-choice’ selections, the preceptive reaction of UK and US subjects shows them sharply polarized in the judgment test.
3.
a. Produced or maintained with effort; strained. forced march n. ‘one in which the marching power of the troops is forced or exerted beyond the ordinary limit’ (Adm. Smyth).
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the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > produced or maintained with effort
forced1598
society > armed hostility > military operations > evolution > [noun] > marching > other specific march
forced march1769
route marching1788
route march1800
defile1835
road march1855
road marching1872
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 131 Tis like the forc't gate of a shuffling nag. View more context for this quotation
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 132 No forc't hast; but Thrashing and carrying the corn to the Granary in times wherein his servants have leisure.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. vii. 39 He..by a forced march got into Fertè.
1825 J. Bentham Rationale Reward 271 This being sold at a forced price, the merchant will take care not to replace it.
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. liv. 38 Alexander..by a forced night-march, reached the Hydrastes at day-break.
1889 P. Milford Pocket Dict. Mining Forced production, to work a mine so as to make it produce a greater output than can be maintained.
b. In literary usage: Strained, distorted. Cf. force v.1 3b.
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the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [adjective]
corruptc1386
racked1546
detorted?1550
wrested1551
writhen1551
writhed1562
forced1583
tortured1603
strained1609
distorted1641
violented1641
crook1647
extorted1652
refracted1655
madly wrested1656
wry1663
corrupted1699
non-natural1844
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [adjective] > forced
high-strained1565
constrained1571
forced1583
overstrained1599
strained1609
epitonic1879
smart1899
1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. i. §52. 67 Neither doth Caluine..thinke it.. a forced translation.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 309 The Greek Etymologies of this word, seem to be all..Violent and Forced.
1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 173 Forc'd interpretations.
1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. ii. 163 Without any forced Construction it may be turned against this favourite opinion.
1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xxxvi. 360 Without any forced analogies.
c. Of actions, demeanour, gestures, etc.: Affected, artificial, constrained, unnatural.
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the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [adjective] > lacking natural ease
strainedc1400
artificial1558
forced1621
unnatural1828
1621 G. Wither Motto (new ed.) sig. Bj For much I hate the forced Apish tricks, Of those our home-disdaining Politicks.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 78 Her forc'd civilities, her faint embrace.
1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole 80 In spite of her forced calmness.
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the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > [adjective] > artificially prepared
forceda1640
a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kk3v/2 Call in your crutches,..Forc'd eyes and teeth, with your dead arms.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 433 The very bottome, or floor thereof (being forced ground).
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 65 in Sylva Pot them [Tuberoses] in natural (not forc'd) Earth.
1688 London Gaz. No. 2363/4 Lost..a light bay Gelding..6 years old, with a forced mark on the Forehead.
5. Of plants, a crop, etc.: Made to bear, or produced, out of the proper season. Cf. force v.1 12.
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the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [adjective] > forcing > forced
forced1695
forwarded1800
1695 W. Congreve Love for Love v. i. 77 I'm..none of your forc'd Trees, that pretend to Blossom in the Fall; and Bud when they should bring forth Fruit.
a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xxviii. 317 Our forced strawberries are just ready.
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society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [adjective]
stithc1000
strongOE
fastenedOE
warneda1300
strengtheda1382
unpregnable1387
embattledc1400
enbanedc1400
warrayable14..
impregnable1430
inexpugnable1490
strengthy1513
bulwarkeda1533
unexpugnable1533
fortified1538
well-fortified1538
unwinnablec1540
forced1548
forted1566
unbatterable1576
fencible?1579
unforcible1611
impregnate1632
untakable1652
of (good) force1697
casemated1740
well-girt1756
embattled1765
strongish1821
unbreachable1866
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lixv And beside that chayne he sette vp a new forced bridge.
1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 356 Seuerus his forced vallie, with other strong..fabrications.
7. Of a draught: produced artificially; so forced-air, forced ventilation; forced (feed) lubrication, force-feed lubrication (see force-feed n.).
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1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Draught Forced draught, the draft produced by a blower, as by compressing the air beneath a fire.
1885 Marine Engineer 7 39/1 (heading) On the Application of moderate forced draught to the furnaces of small steam vessels.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 496/2 Where forced draught has been substituted for chimney draught.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 18 May 2/3 In our service we are satisfied with a forced draught trial of four hours as a rule.
1901 Feilden's Mag. 4 441/2 The forced-air draught fans... Forced-air draught is preferable to steam blast.
1907 J. G. Horner Henley's Encycl. Pract. Engin. V. 40/2 It is hardly possible to overrate the importance of forced lubrication in modern practice.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 19 Nov. 4/2 Forced feed lubrication.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 4/2 Designing an engine on the forced-induction principle.
1930 Engineering 28 Feb. 280/3 Forced lubrication is employed for the main engine and for the turbo-blower.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 19 Jan. 108/1 The forced-draught cabinet incubators.
1971 Sci. Amer. May 73/3 In a forced-draft [cooling] tower the fan is at the bottom and pushes the air up through the tower.
Draft additions June 2017
forced error n. Sport a mistake in play which is attributed to the skill or effort of one's opponent rather than to one's own misjudgement; now chiefly spec. (Tennis) an error (error n. Additions) made on a shot regarded as unplayable or difficult to play; cf. unforced error n. at unforced adj. Additions.
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1919 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 14 July 3/3 In the sixth hill got on by another forced error on the part of the shortstop and registered on another shortstop error.
1919 N.Y. Times 28 Dec. ix. 1/2 Anderson came back with two tremendous aces, and a couple of forced errors.
1937 Referee (Sydney) 23 Dec. 13/3 The young Australian was always ready with a severe shot for the open spaces that resulted in many points for him through forced errors.
1971 Times 22 Nov. 15 /5 Cambridge's try..was the result of a forced error by the Newport scrum half.
2003 J. Dinoffer Tennis Pract. Games cxv. 170 Defining an unforced error can be challenging or even confusing. For example, is it an unforced or a forced error when your opponent hits a tough first serve and you miss the return?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
> as lemmas
ˈforced
ˈforced adj.
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the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [adjective] > cutting off or away (with an instrument) > cut off or cut with an instrument
forcedc1440
pared1440
clipped1483
well-shaven1542
chipped1562
shared1598
slit1611
snipped1611
circumcised1664
neat-cut1770
whittled1792
sliced1874
skived1875
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 170/2 Foorcyd, as mennys beerdys..capitonsus.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 170/2 Foorcyd, as wulle, tonsus.
ˈforced
ˈforced adj.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > stuffing > [adjective]
farcedc1430
forced1538
bacon-farceda1657
marinated1659
stuffed1729
filled1843
c1390 in S. Pegge Forme of Cury (1780) 12 Grewel forced.
14.. Noble Bk. Cookery (Napier 1882) 88 Gruelle enforced.]
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Pulmentarium, potage made with fleshe or fyshe, as forced gruell.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 82/2 A Forced Leg of Mutton.
1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 148. ⁋3 High Soups, seasoned Sauces, and forced Meats.
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adj.1548as lemmas