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单词 anent
释义

anentprep.adv.

Brit. /əˈnɛnt/, U.S. /əˈnɛnt/, Scottish English /əˈnɛnt/, Irish English /əˈnɛnt/
Forms:

α. Old English on efen, Old English on efn, Old English on efne (rare), Old English onefn, Old English onem, Old English onemm, Old English onemne (rare), Old English onnemn (probably transmission error), Old English–early Middle English onemn, late Old English on æfen, early Middle English on æfem (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English onefent, early Middle English oneuent, early Middle English onon, early Middle English onond, early Middle English onont, Middle English anempt, Middle English anemt, Middle English anen, Middle English anend, Middle English anyend, Middle English enent, Middle English inent, Middle English onent, Middle English–1500s anont, Middle English– anent; English regional 1700s annent, 1800s anant (Worcestershire), 1800s anont (south-western), 1800s– anunt (south-western and south-west midlands); Scottish pre-1700 ainent, pre-1700 anentt, pre-1700 annent, pre-1700 1700s– anent.

β. Middle English aneintes, Middle English anemps, Middle English anemptes, Middle English anemptis, Middle English anempts, Middle English anemtis, Middle English anence, Middle English anendez, Middle English anendis, Middle English anens, Middle English anentes, Middle English anentys, Middle English anentz, Middle English aneyendis, Middle English aneyntes, Middle English anundes, Middle English anyendis, Middle English anyntice, Middle English enence, Middle English enentes, Middle English enentis, Middle English enents, Middle English inence, Middle English onence, Middle English onentes, Middle English onnence, Middle English ynence, Middle English ynens, Middle English ynentes, Middle English–1500s anendes, Middle English–1500s anentis, late Middle English ynesche (transmission error), 1500s anends, 1500s anense, 1500s enens; English regional 1800s anens, 1800s anents; Scottish pre-1700 anence, pre-1700 anenis, pre-1700 anens, pre-1700 anentis, pre-1700 anents, pre-1700 anenttis, pre-1700 anentys, pre-1700 annentis, pre-1700 annenttis; N.E.D. (1884) also records the forms Middle English anences, Middle English anyntes, late Middle English aneentes.

γ. early Middle English anonden, early Middle English ononde, early Middle English ononden, Middle English anante, Middle English anende, Middle English anonde, Middle English onende, Middle English–1500s anente; Scottish pre-1700 anente; N.E.D. (1884) also records a form early Middle English onnente.

δ. late Middle English anempste, late Middle English anemst, late Middle English anemste, late Middle English anenest, late Middle English anenist, late Middle English anenste, late Middle English anentist, late Middle English anest, late Middle English aunempsts, late Middle English–1500s anempst, late Middle English–1500s annenst, late Middle English–1700s anenst, 1500s aneinst, 1500s anendest, 1500s annempst, 1500s annempste, 1500s–1600s enenst, 1600s aneanst; English regional 1800s anainst (north-west midlands), 1800s anonst (south-west midlands), 1800s anungst (west midlands), 1800s– anenst, 1800s– annunst (west midlands), 1900s– anunst (west midlands); Scottish pre-1700 1800s– anenst; Irish English 1900s– aninst.

ε. English regional 1800s nens (Hampshire), 1800s nenst (northern), 1800s nents, 1800s– nunst (Derbyshire); Scottish 1800s 'nent, 1800s nens, 1800s nenst.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon an eban alongside, near (preposition) < the Germanic base of on prep. + the Germanic base of even adj.1 Compare (with a different first element: compare in prep.) Old High German in eben (preposition) beside, level with, (preposition and adverb) near (Middle High German eneben ), and further (with aphetic loss of the initial vowel) Middle Dutch neven (Dutch neven- (in compounds), also in benevens together with (preposition)), Middle Low German neven , Old High German neben (Middle High German neben , nebent , German neben ), all in the sense ‘near, beside’ (chiefly used as prepositions, in early use occasionally also as adverbs). Compare hereanent adv., thereanent adv.Form history. The word shows much formal variation. The details of the development are not always clear. The α. forms such as onefent probably show an excrescent final dental consonant; compare Middle High German nebent . Forms with final -d and γ. forms in -de such as anende may additionally have been reinforced by association with end n. (compare an-end adv. and on end at end n. 17). The origin of forms with a back or low vowel in the second syllable such as onont at α. forms, typical of south-western and west midland varieties, is uncertain; they may perhaps show the influence of and- prefix. Influence from early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic jamt , form of the neuter of jafn even adj.1, also used adverbially) has been suggested for a range of forms but seems less likely, particularly for types attested early in the south-west midlands. The β. forms show alteration of α. forms after adverbs and prepositions in -s suffix1. In Old English the word has occasional forms in final -e , where -e is the regular dative singular ending. In the γ. forms, however, final -e probably does not show the direct reflex of a dative singular ending but rather the influence of Middle English forms of adverbs and prepositions in -e (where -e often is the reduced form of an original inflectional ending or adverbial suffix); compare e.g. forms of about adv., prep.1, adj., and int. The δ. forms apparently show a development of the β. forms, perhaps with phonological development of an excrescent -t , but perhaps partly by alteration; compare the forms of against prep., conj., adv., and n., alongst prep. and adv., etc. and the discussion at those entries. Compare also anighst adv. and prep., reduced forms of which are occasionally difficult to distinguish from reduced forms of the present word (compare e.g. anest at δ. forms). The ε. forms are aphetic. Forms with initial y- or i- (e.g. inent at α. forms) reflect reanalysis of the first element as a reduced form of y- prefix (compare a- prefix2). The following example apparently shows reanalysis of final -s in the β. forms as a verbal ending and consequent substitution of the 3rd person singular present indicative ending -eth :a1500 ( in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 42 As anendeth the convention that shulde be betwix my lorde and the Duc of Bretaigne, my lorde hath appointed hit to be at Rouen. Rare early sense. In Old English also attested (in form onemne ) in the sense ‘exactly, into equal parts’; compare even n.2 1.
A. prep.
I. In line with, in the company of, and related senses.
1. Along, in line with; alongside, beside; even or level with. Now Scottish, English regional, and Irish English.
ΚΠ
OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 184 Ælfnoð and Wulmær..onemn hyra frean feorh gesealdon.
OE Charter: Bp. Wærferð to Æðelred & Æðelflæd (Sawyer 1280) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 36 Swa norð þæt hit cymð ut on efen þæt gelad, & swa estwardes þæt hit cymð eft wiðneoþan þæt gelad on Sæferne.
?c1425 Crafte Nombrynge in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 23 (MED) Go vpwarde in þe same rewe tyl þou come a-nendes þe lasse diget in the lyft side.
1587 T. Hughes Certaine Deuises iii. iv. 32 My slender barke shall creepe [printed ceeépe] anenst the shoare.
1641 E. Woodward Light to Gram. i. ix. 74 The English must be written anent the Latine, after first, then before.
1813 D. Anderson Poems, Eng. & Scotch 71 Twa wee boaties..trail'd by horses at a slow jog trot, Scarce fit to haud anent an auld wife on her foot.
1930 Aberdeen Univ. Rev. Mar. 104 I wizna muckle bookit an' gey active, an' wi' ma less hicht mair anent the corn nor he wiz.
1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely Anent, alongside.
†2. In the company of; with, among. Obsolete (English regional (Yorkshire) in later use).In quot. OE with the preposition in postmodifying position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > to the accompaniment of
anentOE
towardc1400
towards?1447
along with?1566
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > together with
anentOE
together with1478
along with1711
along of1838
OE Assumption of Virgin (Corpus Cambr. 41) in H. L. C. Tristram Vier Altenglische Predigten aus der Heterodoxen Trad. (Ph.D. diss., Freiburg) (1970) 139 Eac swylce englas of heofnum him on efn sungon [L. cum apostolis concinentes] swa þæt eal seo eorðe þæs sanges wynsumnesse..wæs gefylledo.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Wisd. ii. 1 Vnpitouse men..thenkende anent hemselue not riȝt.
c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 107 Supposynge for þat þat þey schulde..be gretter enence þe kyng [L. apud regem].
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 37 Þer were viij. maneres to calcle yeres; iij. anendes men of Ebrewe, thre anendes the Grekes, [etc.].
1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield 4 When one man works in company with another, he works anent him.
†3. With reference to rank, standing, or value: (so as to be) on a par with or equal to. Also: in comparison with. Obsolete (English regional (Yorkshire) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > equality [preposition] > equal to or on a par with
anentc1225
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 101 (MED) As gentile wummon meast alle nu on worlde, þe nabbeð hwerwið buggen ham brudgume onont ham.
a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 285 Ȝif ich mihte a þusand fald ȝiue þe me seluen, nere hit nowt onont te þat ȝef þe seluen for me.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 2465 (MED) Alle þe gud dedys þat we haf done Onence our syns sal þan sem fone.
1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield 4 A lass striving to rival a lady in the fashion dresses anent her.
†4. According to the way or manner of; = with prep. 11a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > according to the way or manner of [preposition]
anentc1384
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark x. 27 Anentis men it is impossible, but not anemptis God; for alle thingis ben possible anemptis God.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 63 Accepcioun of persoones is not anentis God.
II. Against, in front of, near.
5. Of position: close to, near; over against, up against; in front of, opposite. Now archaic and regional.Cf. fornent adv. and prep.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition]
nighOE
anentOE
atOE
yhendeOE
anewstc1275
nigh handa1300
neara1325
narc1325
againstc1384
nearhanda1400
towardc1400
towards?1447
nearhand?c1450
nearbyc1485
anear1532
anigh1583
under or in the shadow of1853
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > opposite [preposition]
anentOE
againOE
aforyenlOE
againsta1225
in contrary ofc1400
to-gainsc1450
fornent1524
thwart of1589
oppositea1596
vis-à-vis1847
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) ii. 190 Efne þa godes engel stod onemn hi [L. iuxta illos] & godes beorhtnys hi bescean.
c1300 St. Michael (Harl.) in T. Wright Pop. Treat. Sci. (1841) 137 Ech other see anante [c1300 Laud a-mong] ous..Nis bote a lyme of thulke see.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 1136 A wounde ful wyde..Anende hys hert.
a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 1849 Bere þyn ost a-nont þy breste.
c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 164 Wardane of the eist Merchis anentis Ingland.
1792 T. Holcroft Anna St. Ives I. vii. 66 A grotto..witch as your onnur said would conceal the dead flat anenst the 3 old okes.
1909 E. H. Gray Old Ninety-nine's Cave iv. 56 Kape aninst the wall, mind your noose!
1974 J. R. Allan N.-E. Lowlands Scotl. (ed. 2) p. xvii The new city offices have made the tormented face of Marischal College anent them seem a much more human ornament.
2011 M. T. Anderson Empire Gut & Bone 227 Any one of us would have raised our daggers anent his treacherous throat.
6.
†a. With reference to the direction or focus of a feeling, action, etc.: against, towards. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > in the direction of [preposition]
tilla800
towardsc888
toc890
towardc893
to-gainsc950
anenta1225
i-gainc1325
ata1400
gaina1400
tilwarda1400
gainwarda1542
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 55 Halde we godes laȝe..uwilc mon hes undernim to halden wel anundes him.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 25312 Þou hald wreth enents þi broiþer.
1525 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 457 Anenst Whom that loue was engendyrd in his hert when ye wer to gedyr.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 306 Anentes kyng Bruys to execute his treason.
b. Of motion: towards; so as to meet. Now rare (Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > towards [preposition]
towardsc888
toc893
towardc893
againeOE
to-gainsc950
againstc1300
anenta1425
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 5130 (MED) He sal com doun..Even onence [?a1400 Garrett ageyns] þe mount of Olyvet.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 199 (MED) Wylde bestes..þat slen & deuouren all þat comen aneyntes hem.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 512 Tharfor thair host but mair abaid, Buskit, and evin anent thaim raid.
1836 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 760/1 Here's Moulder, the sexton, coming anent us.
1952 J. R. Allan N.-E. Lowlands Scotl. vi. 191 As each one came anent her, the auld wife took up the water in her hands and threw it on their wames.
7.
a. Before the face of; in the sight or presence of, in front of. Now rare (Scottish in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > in the presence of [preposition]
beforeeOE
toforec1000
aforyenlOE
atforec1175
againsta1225
atc1275
aforec1330
anenta1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xii. 15 Þe princeȝ..preysiden here anenteȝ [a1425 Corpus Oxf. anentys] hym.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. vi. 6 A brother with brothir stryueth in dome, and that anentis vnfeithful men.
a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 11 The man Is oblist to yire thre thingis anentis God The first Is contricoune ye secund confessioune ye thrid satisfactioune.
1924 J. C. Mathieson in Swatches o' Hamespun 60 I niver thocht a mairret man Wad spyke sic styte anent his bairn.
1931 G. Wilson in Sc. National Dict. (1931) I. 61/2 [Banffshire] ‘Droggie'll hae t'appear anent his betters the morn.’
†b. In the mental view of; in the opinion or judgement of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > mental attitude, point of view > viewing [preposition]
anenta1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. iii. 7 Ne be thou wis anent thiself.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10858 O grace o luue..Þou has enent vr lauerd spedd.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 1355 Worldes wysdome..Onence God es bot foly.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cclxxx/1 Thou hast founde grace anenste oure lord Jhesu Cryst.
III. Regarding, concerning.
†8.
a. Used to limit or confine the bearing of a statement: with respect or reference (only) to; as regards, as to; as for. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > relation [preposition] > respecting or concerning
ofOE
to-gainsc1175
againsta1225
anentc1225
towarda1240
froc1300
aforyen1340
again1340
touchinga1387
touchinga1398
touchant1399
concerning1525
re1707
fornent1709
regarding1779
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 646 Al swa passeð meiden onon [a1250 Titus onont] te mihte of meiðhad, widewen & iweddede.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 1 Correccioun..longith oonli to the ouerer anentis his netherer.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) ix. §2. 30 Ynence my selfe i sall be glad in the.
1579 Wardrobe Warrant in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth (1823) II. 297 These our lettres..shall be your sufficient warraunte and dischardge in this behalf annempst us, our heires and successors.
b. With as in the same sense. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 229 As anont [c1230 Corpus Cambr. onont] him is he haueð islein ham alle.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 1078 [Þat] þou heddest alle forward of me And þou noldest holden hem as anont þe.
?c1393 W. Swinderby in Registrum Johannis Trefnant (1914) 240 As anentes taken away by temporalties, I say thus.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 114 As anemptes sodeyn deth, it is spedefulle to many men forto haue suche deth.
c1613 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 7 As anenst Scatergood I hafe yett taken a longer continuance.
9. With reference to, in relation to; regarding, concerning, about.Formerly common in Scottish legal writing and subsequently used elsewhere in a variety of contexts.
ΚΠ
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 77 (MED) Wharefore, onentes the first of this sex thinges..Thare falles un-to the faithe fourtene poyntes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23011 Saint austin says inent þat dai Es nan can godis consail sai.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 7 He vas speikand vitht hym self anent his auen byssynes.
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie i. sig. B6 Anent the age of Bees there are divers opinions.
1723 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 43 The process at Glasgow anent Mr. Hervey.
1820 W. Scott Abbot II. ii. 26 Nor is it worth while to vex one's self anent what cannot be mended.
1908 S. E. White Riverman iv. 37 He departed, catching fragments of vows anent never going on any more errands for nobody.
1993 Herald (Glasgow) 3 May 10 I write anent Duncan Campbell's article (Black magic circle).
2007 www.scottish.parliament.uk 10 July (O.E.D. Archive) The Visitor Centre has braw visual an interactive displays that lats ye explore information anent the Pairlament.
†B. adv.
1. With reference to position: alongside, close by; opposite. Obsolete (Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > [adverb]
anenteOE
theregainsc1330
aforyena1400
overa1400
overthwarta1425
fornent1548
overright against1565
oppositelyc1593
opposite1609
over-right1618
squarely1802
en regard1909
eOE Bede Glosses (Tiber. C.ii) in H. D. Meritt Old Eng. Glosses (1945) 14/2 [Per tres] e regione [parietes] : onefn.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xvi. 166 Hi gemetton fyr, and fisc onuppon, and hlaf onem, ða ða hi to lande comon.
OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 362 Gregorius wolde Gode aræran halig mynsterlif gehende anre ea; ac þær wæs to gehende swiðe heah clif onemn [c1175 Bodl. 343 onemn].
1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria f. 16v Upon the other syde anendest be fysshemongers.
1837 R. Nicoll Poems 82 Anent was sair-toiled father's chair.
1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. All yon meadows ower anent belong to grandfather.
1922 T. S. Cairncross Scot at Hame 62 His heid was in the cl'uds When the maister cam' anent.
2. Together, in company. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
OE Crist III 880 Þonne from feowerum foldan sceatum..englas ælbeorhte on efen blawað byman on brehtme.
OE Crist III 964 Ðonne eall þreo on efen nimeð won fyres wælm wide tosomne,..sæs mid hyra fiscum, eorþan mid hire beorgum, ond upheofon torhtne.
OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxvi. 1 Ealle þeode ecne drihten mid hygecræfte herigan wordum, and hine eall folc on efn æðelne herigan.
3. Approximately, about. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 30 It [sc. þe Reed See] es þer anentes vi. myle brade [Fr. poet bien auoir vii lieues de large].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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prep.adv.eOE
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