fore-runv.

Brit.

/(ˌ)fɔːˈrʌn/, U.S.

/fɔ(r)ˈrən/

Etymology: < fore- prefix + run v.

1. intransitive. To run on in front. Old English only.

ΚΠ

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 4 Se oðer leorning-cniht for-arn [c950 Lindisf. forearn] petrus forne.

2. transitive. To outrun, outstrip. Obsolete exc. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip > by running

of-runOE

overruna1425

outrunc1460

fore-run1513

to have (also get) the heels of1649

to have the legs of (also on)1861

to give a stone and a beating to1885

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. vi. 61 That thai forryn and gois befor alway Zephirus and Nothus.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. v. xi. f. 61/2 Gyf y^e haris had forrun the hundis.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 122 Forerun thy peers.

1879 R. W. Church Spenser v. 119 Even genius..cannot forerun the limitations of its day.

†3. To run in front of; hence, to act as harbinger of (a person). Also transferred to precede. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > go in front of [verb (transitive)]

foregoc900

precedec1475

preventa1500

fore-ride1570

fore-run1570

usher1599

huisher1606

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (transitive)] > precede in order

to go before ——OE

precedea1552

fore-run1570

prevene1596

frontal1652

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piv/1 To Forerunne, præcurrere.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 173 They often compassing the sepulcher in a ioynt procession, are fore-run and followed by the people.

1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 7 Chriscrosse fore-runs the Alphabet of loue.

1708 G. Stanhope Paraphr. (1709) IV. 335 And thou, my Child John, shalt fore-tell and immediately fore-run this Saviour.

1751 F. Coventry Hist. Pompey the Little i. iv. 38 Little Pompey..with three Footmen fore-running his Equipage,..set out in Triumph.

absolute.a1643 W. Cartwright Siedge v. iii, in Comedies (1651) sig. L4^v To forerun And lead the way t' Elyzium [is] but a duty She would not thank me for.

4. To be the precursor of (a future event, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)]

forecomea1300

precede?a1425

fore-run1590

usher1607

eve1638

to usher in1641

surmounta1647

antevene1655

antedate1664

antecedea1676

anticipate1855

precourse1888

predate1889

precursea1892

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)]

forecomea1300

to say beforec1384

signifyc1384

pretendc1425

prefigurec1429

preostendc1429

prefigurate1530

adumbrate1537

promise1556

premonstrate1562

foresignify1565

presignify1570

shadow1574

foreshadow1577

presage1583

fore-run1590

presign1590

fore-read1591

figure1595

type forth, out1596

fore-point1601

foreshow1601

prophesy1608

foretella1616

foretypea1618

forebode1656

harbingera1657

pretypify1658

pretype1659

forespeak1667

to figure out1721

forecast1883

favour1887

precourse1888

precursea1892

1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late ii. sig. C4 Lightning, that beawtifies the Heauen for a blaze but foreruns stormes and thunder.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iv. 15 These signes forerunne the death or fall of Kings.

1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra (1676) v. ii. 487 This felicity was to fore-run the last I now can hope for.

a1711 T. Ken Hymns for Festivals in Wks. (1721) I. 219 A Star..which Eastern Gentiles guess'd was to forerun The wish'd-for Dawn of the Eternal Sun.

1768 Med. Trans. (Royal Coll. of Physicians) 1 434 The symptoms, which forerun the chicken-pox.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 231 The cold wind that foreruns the morn.

5. To anticipate, forestall.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)]

to cast dangerc1449

forecasta1513

preventa1533

foredeem1542

premeditate1566

foretake1588

fore-run1591

foreprise1597

to lay one's account with (also on, for)1606

foreguess1640

prospect1652

precalculate1840

pre-empt1928

second-guess1941

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall

before-takea1382

preventc1425

devance1485

prevenea1500

lurch1530

to take before the bounda1556

to be aforehand with1570

to be beforehand with1574

to meet halfwaya1586

preoccupate1588

forestall1589

fore-run1591

surprise1591

antedate1595

foreprise1597

preoccupy1607

preoccupy1638

pre-act1655

anticipatea1682

obviate1712

to head off1841

beat1847

to beat out1893

pre-empt1957

1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. A3 By anticipating and forerunning false reports.

1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 54 Our Bodies but forerun The spirits duty.

1849 H. W. Longfellow Mrs. Kemble's Readings Shakespeare The great poet who foreruns the ages, Anticipating all that shall be said!

Derivatives

ˈforeˌrunning n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1565 M. Harding Let. to Jewel in J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. App. xxx. 72 Your forerunning sermon.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Advantcourement, forerunning.

1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. (ed. 2) 80 The diabolical forerunning libells.

1690 W. Penn Brief Acct. Rise Quakers (1834) 50 The consummation of the legal, and fore running of the Gospel times.

1818 S. E. Pierce Bk. Psalms II. 460 Sorrows and griefs, forerunning figures of what would befall Messiah.

1872 H. W. Longfellow Div. Trag. Introitus 53 The sublime fore running of their time.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fore-run
释义	fore-runv. Brit. /(ˌ)fɔːˈrʌn/, U.S. /fɔ(r)ˈrən/ Etymology: < fore- prefix + run v. 1. intransitive. To run on in front. Old English only. ΚΠ c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 4 Se oðer leorning-cniht for-arn [c950 Lindisf. forearn] petrus forne. 2. transitive. To outrun, outstrip. Obsolete exc. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip > by running of-runOE overruna1425 outrunc1460 fore-run1513 to have (also get) the heels of1649 to have the legs of (also on)1861 to give a stone and a beating to1885 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. vi. 61 That thai forryn and gois befor alway Zephirus and Nothus. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. v. xi. f. 61/2 Gyf y^e haris had forrun the hundis. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 122 Forerun thy peers. 1879 R. W. Church Spenser v. 119 Even genius..cannot forerun the limitations of its day. †3. To run in front of; hence, to act as harbinger of (a person). Also transferred to precede. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > go in front of [verb (transitive)] foregoc900 precedec1475 preventa1500 fore-ride1570 fore-run1570 usher1599 huisher1606 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (transitive)] > precede in order to go before ——OE precedea1552 fore-run1570 prevene1596 frontal1652 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piv/1 To Forerunne, præcurrere. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 173 They often compassing the sepulcher in a ioynt procession, are fore-run and followed by the people. 1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 7 Chriscrosse fore-runs the Alphabet of loue. 1708 G. Stanhope Paraphr. (1709) IV. 335 And thou, my Child John, shalt fore-tell and immediately fore-run this Saviour. 1751 F. Coventry Hist. Pompey the Little i. iv. 38 Little Pompey..with three Footmen fore-running his Equipage,..set out in Triumph. absolute.a1643 W. Cartwright Siedge v. iii, in Comedies (1651) sig. L4^v To forerun And lead the way t' Elyzium [is] but a duty She would not thank me for. 4. To be the precursor of (a future event, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] forecomea1300 precede?a1425 fore-run1590 usher1607 eve1638 to usher in1641 surmounta1647 antevene1655 antedate1664 antecedea1676 anticipate1855 precourse1888 predate1889 precursea1892 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)] forecomea1300 to say beforec1384 signifyc1384 pretendc1425 prefigurec1429 preostendc1429 prefigurate1530 prefigurate1530 adumbrate1537 promise1556 premonstrate1562 foresignify1565 presignify1570 shadow1574 foreshadow1577 presage1583 fore-run1590 presign1590 fore-read1591 figure1595 type forth, out1596 fore-point1601 foreshow1601 prophesy1608 foretella1616 foretypea1618 forebode1656 harbingera1657 pretypify1658 pretype1659 forespeak1667 to figure out1721 forecast1883 favour1887 precourse1888 precursea1892 1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late ii. sig. C4 Lightning, that beawtifies the Heauen for a blaze but foreruns stormes and thunder. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iv. 15 These signes forerunne the death or fall of Kings. View more context for this quotation 1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra (1676) v. ii. 487 This felicity was to fore-run the last I now can hope for. a1711 T. Ken Hymns for Festivals in Wks. (1721) I. 219 A Star..which Eastern Gentiles guess'd was to forerun The wish'd-for Dawn of the Eternal Sun. 1768 Med. Trans. (Royal Coll. of Physicians) 1 434 The symptoms, which forerun the chicken-pox. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 231 The cold wind that foreruns the morn. 5. To anticipate, forestall. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)] to cast dangerc1449 forecasta1513 preventa1533 foredeem1542 premeditate1566 foretake1588 fore-run1591 foreprise1597 to lay one's account with (also on, for)1606 foreguess1640 prospect1652 precalculate1840 pre-empt1928 second-guess1941 the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall before-takea1382 preventc1425 devance1485 prevenea1500 lurch1530 to take before the bounda1556 to be aforehand with1570 to be beforehand with1574 to meet halfwaya1586 preoccupate1588 forestall1589 fore-run1591 surprise1591 antedate1595 foreprise1597 preoccupy1607 preoccupy1638 pre-act1655 anticipatea1682 obviate1712 to head off1841 beat1847 to beat out1893 pre-empt1957 1591 W. Raleigh Rep. Fight Iles of Açores sig. A3 By anticipating and forerunning false reports. 1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 54 Our Bodies but forerun The spirits duty. 1849 H. W. Longfellow Mrs. Kemble's Readings Shakespeare The great poet who foreruns the ages, Anticipating all that shall be said! Derivatives ˈforeˌrunning n. and adj. ΚΠ 1565 M. Harding Let. to Jewel in J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. App. xxx. 72 Your forerunning sermon. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Advantcourement, forerunning. 1660 J. Milton Readie Way Free Commonw. (ed. 2) 80 The diabolical forerunning libells. 1690 W. Penn Brief Acct. Rise Quakers (1834) 50 The consummation of the legal, and fore running of the Gospel times. 1818 S. E. Pierce Bk. Psalms II. 460 Sorrows and griefs, forerunning figures of what would befall Messiah. 1872 H. W. Longfellow Div. Trag. Introitus 53 The sublime fore running of their time. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1000
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