flexionflectionn.

Brit.

/ˈflɛkʃn/, U.S.

/ˈflɛkʃən/

Etymology: < Latin flexiōn-em, noun of action < flectĕre (participial stem flex-) to bend. Compare French flexion, Spanish flexion, Italian flessione. The etymological spelling flexion is the original in English; flection (first in 18th cent.) is due to the influence of such words as affection, direction, etc.

a. The action of bending, curvature; bent condition; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun]

curvation?a1425

curvity?a1425

curvaturea1460

bent1541

bend1597

curvedness1598

flexure1628

incurvation1647

compassedness1652

deflexure1656

flexion1656

curvilinearity1756

deflection1821

wind1825

inflection1837

1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons iii. 27 in Elements Philos. It is the Quantity of that crookedness or flexion, by which a straight Line is bent into an arch of a circle equall to it.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed vi. 562 Thus to sit doth not signifie any peculiar inclination or flexion.

1796 H. Brougham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 227 Flexion, or the bending of the rays [of light] in their passage by bodies.

1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca iii. xx. 323 Eluding the stroke of the adversary by a flexion of the body.

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 692 The flexions..of the stem and leaf-stalk produced by the wind.

attributive.1869 Bigelow (title) On the Mechanism of Dislocation and Fracture of the Hip. With the Reduction of the Dislocation by the Flexion Method.

b. esp. The bending of a limb or joint by the action of the flexor muscles. Cf. extension n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [noun] > specific part of body

clitching1398

clightinga1430

flexion1615

buckling1638

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 989 By this articulation both flexion and extention is made.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 121 Delicate flexions..of the Fingers.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 166 It did not produce a perceptible flexion of the tibia.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 256/1 When two segments of a limb..can be brought to form an angle with each other, the motion is that of flexion.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 117 This ligament aids powerfully in preventing the flexion of the knee forwards.

c. A kneeling (in prayer), genuflexion. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > kneeling, bowing, or prostration

kneelingc1200

genuflection1526

adgeniculation1637

flexion1862

1862 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 30 Aug. 187/1 Next followed two prayer flections at the Tomb of Abraham.

†d. A turning of the eye in any direction. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun] > movements of eye

rollinga1500

volubility1603

flexion1626

roving1658

eye-rolling1837

run1837

sursumversion1897

extorsion1899

vergence1902

eye-roll1928

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §719 Pity causeth sometimes..a Flexion or Cast of the Eye aside.

†2.

a. Alteration, change, modification. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > [noun] > change within limits, variation, or modification

variation1502

diversification1603

flexion1603

divisiona1616

amendment1653

variating1653

sophistication1664

modulation1674

vacillation1769

modification1775

variorum1776

modifyinga1853

tropicalization1893

mod1943

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1251 In every one of them Sacadas made a certeine flexion..called Strophe.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 123 Oratours..(who hunted also after delicate flexions of words).

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 66 The Flexion of his Condition, (I mean, the altering of his occasions).

b. A modification of the sound or tone of the voice in singing or speaking; inflection.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation

bowing1561

cant1663

cadence1709

flexion1758

chant1766

tune1783

intonation1791

1758 S. Johnson Idler 7 Oct. 209 Variation of gesture, and flexion of voice, are to be obtained only by experience.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. i. xxi. 198 Flexions and intonations of voice.

3. concrete. The bent part of anything; a bend, curve. Also, a joint.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [noun]

lithc1000

jointc1290

jointure1382

conjunctionc1400

article?a1425

juncture?a1500

linka1547

articulation1578

flexion1607

coarticulation1615

de-articulation1615

syntax1615

internodium1653

saddle joint1867

the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve

bightOE

crookingc1380

curvature?a1425

bought1519

compass1545

ply1575

reflexure1578

curve1596

circumflex1601

curb1601

flexion1607

flexure1608

round1608

sinus1615

return1626

inflection1658

curvity1705

sweep1715

tarve1848

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 204 Beeing vnable to rise againe because of the short Nerues and no flexions in his Legs.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §222 Of a Sinuous Pipe, that may haue some foure Flexions, Triall would be made.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture III. 20/1 There are like flexions in the boughs of trees.

1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 10 61 He put a blister..below the flexion on the anterior part of the thigh.

1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 56 A cavernous arcade which curves round the water with the flection of the shore.

4. Grammar. Modification of the form of a word; esp. the change of ending in conjugation, declension, etc.; inflection. Also, the modified form or ending of a word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun]

accidenta1504

declining1565

flexion1614

inflection1668

1614 R. Carew Excellencie Eng. Tongue in W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 39 Neither are wee loden with those declensions, flexions, and variations, which are incident to many other tongues.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. xi. 61 Those very words..differ somewhat in the sound of the vowels and flexion.

1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell (1841) 37 The flexion or conjugation of the verb.

1773 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. I. iii. xiv. 672 Proper terminations and flections.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 175 The common grammatic flexions of some tribe or province.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xii. 241 An agglutinative dialect..with no determinate flexion.

5. Mathematics. = flexure n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > curvature

crookedness1651

flexure1672

flexion1704

curvature1710

1704 C. Hayes Treat. Fluxions vi. 153 The Use of Fluxions in Investigating the Points of contrary Flexion and Retrogression of Curves.

1857 J. P. Nichol Cycl. Physical Sci. (at cited word) The mathematical theory of Flexion starts from the basis or datum of this Line of No-disturbance.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	flexion
释义	flexionflectionn. Brit. /ˈflɛkʃn/, U.S. /ˈflɛkʃən/ Etymology: < Latin flexiōn-em, noun of action < flectĕre (participial stem flex-) to bend. Compare French flexion, Spanish flexion, Italian flessione. The etymological spelling flexion is the original in English; flection (first in 18th cent.) is due to the influence of such words as affection, direction, etc. 1. a. The action of bending, curvature; bent condition; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] curvation?a1425 curvity?a1425 curvaturea1460 bent1541 bend1597 curvedness1598 flexure1628 incurvation1647 compassedness1652 deflexure1656 flexion1656 curvilinearity1756 deflection1821 wind1825 inflection1837 1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons iii. 27 in Elements Philos. It is the Quantity of that crookedness or flexion, by which a straight Line is bent into an arch of a circle equall to it. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed vi. 562 Thus to sit doth not signifie any peculiar inclination or flexion. 1796 H. Brougham in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 227 Flexion, or the bending of the rays [of light] in their passage by bodies. 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca iii. xx. 323 Eluding the stroke of the adversary by a flexion of the body. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 692 The flexions..of the stem and leaf-stalk produced by the wind. attributive.1869 Bigelow (title) On the Mechanism of Dislocation and Fracture of the Hip. With the Reduction of the Dislocation by the Flexion Method. b. esp. The bending of a limb or joint by the action of the flexor muscles. Cf. extension n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [noun] > specific part of body clitching1398 clightinga1430 flexion1615 buckling1638 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 989 By this articulation both flexion and extention is made. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 121 Delicate flexions..of the Fingers. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 166 It did not produce a perceptible flexion of the tibia. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 256/1 When two segments of a limb..can be brought to form an angle with each other, the motion is that of flexion. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 117 This ligament aids powerfully in preventing the flexion of the knee forwards. c. A kneeling (in prayer), genuflexion. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > kneeling, bowing, or prostration kneelingc1200 genuflection1526 adgeniculation1637 flexion1862 1862 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 30 Aug. 187/1 Next followed two prayer flections at the Tomb of Abraham. †d. A turning of the eye in any direction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun] > movements of eye rollinga1500 volubility1603 flexion1626 roving1658 eye-rolling1837 run1837 sursumversion1897 extorsion1899 vergence1902 eye-roll1928 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §719 Pity causeth sometimes..a Flexion or Cast of the Eye aside. †2. a. Alteration, change, modification. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > [noun] > change within limits, variation, or modification variation1502 diversification1603 flexion1603 divisiona1616 amendment1653 variating1653 sophistication1664 modulation1674 vacillation1769 modification1775 variorum1776 modifyinga1853 tropicalization1893 mod1943 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1251 In every one of them Sacadas made a certeine flexion..called Strophe. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 123 Oratours..(who hunted also after delicate flexions of words). 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 66 The Flexion of his Condition, (I mean, the altering of his occasions). b. A modification of the sound or tone of the voice in singing or speaking; inflection. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation bowing1561 cant1663 cadence1709 flexion1758 chant1766 tune1783 intonation1791 1758 S. Johnson Idler 7 Oct. 209 Variation of gesture, and flexion of voice, are to be obtained only by experience. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. i. xxi. 198 Flexions and intonations of voice. 3. concrete. The bent part of anything; a bend, curve. Also, a joint. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [noun] lithc1000 jointc1290 jointure1382 conjunctionc1400 article?a1425 juncture?a1500 linka1547 articulation1578 flexion1607 coarticulation1615 de-articulation1615 syntax1615 internodium1653 saddle joint1867 the world > space > shape > curvature > [noun] > a curve bightOE crookingc1380 curvature?a1425 bought1519 compass1545 ply1575 reflexure1578 curve1596 circumflex1601 curb1601 flexion1607 flexure1608 round1608 sinus1615 return1626 inflection1658 curvity1705 sweep1715 tarve1848 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 204 Beeing vnable to rise againe because of the short Nerues and no flexions in his Legs. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §222 Of a Sinuous Pipe, that may haue some foure Flexions, Triall would be made. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture III. 20/1 There are like flexions in the boughs of trees. 1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 10 61 He put a blister..below the flexion on the anterior part of the thigh. 1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys 56 A cavernous arcade which curves round the water with the flection of the shore. 4. Grammar. Modification of the form of a word; esp. the change of ending in conjugation, declension, etc.; inflection. Also, the modified form or ending of a word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] accidenta1504 declining1565 flexion1614 inflection1668 1614 R. Carew Excellencie Eng. Tongue in W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 39 Neither are wee loden with those declensions, flexions, and variations, which are incident to many other tongues. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. xi. 61 Those very words..differ somewhat in the sound of the vowels and flexion. 1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell (1841) 37 The flexion or conjugation of the verb. 1773 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. I. iii. xiv. 672 Proper terminations and flections. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 175 The common grammatic flexions of some tribe or province. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. xii. 241 An agglutinative dialect..with no determinate flexion. 5. Mathematics. = flexure n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > curvature crookedness1651 flexure1672 flexion1704 curvature1710 1704 C. Hayes Treat. Fluxions vi. 153 The Use of Fluxions in Investigating the Points of contrary Flexion and Retrogression of Curves. 1857 J. P. Nichol Cycl. Physical Sci. (at cited word) The mathematical theory of Flexion starts from the basis or datum of this Line of No-disturbance. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1603
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