flailn.adj.

Brit.

/fleɪl/, U.S.

/fleɪl/

Forms: Old English fligel, Middle English Orm. fleȝȝl, Middle English fleil(e, -yl(e, Middle English–1500s flaill, Middle English flayel, flaylle, flaelle, Middle English–1600s flayl(e, 1500s flale, flael, 1500s–1700s flaile, 1600s fleale, fleyle, (1700s flay), Middle English– flail.

Etymology: The late Old English fligel is possibly a corruption of *flęgil, corresponding to Middle Dutch, Dutch, Low German vlegel, Old High German flegel (Middle High German vlegel, modern German flegel) < West Germanic *flagil, probably < Latin flagellum lit. ‘scourge,’ but already in the Vulgate used for ‘flail’. Some scholars have thought that the West Germanic word may be < Old Germanic root *flah-, flag- < pre-Germanic *plak- (compare Lithuanian plàkti to strike, Greek πληγνύναι); but this appears improbable. Compare the synonymous Romance forms, Old French flaiel, flael, fleel (modern French fléau), Provençal flagel, flachel, Spanish flagelo, Portuguese flagello, Italian fragello < Latin flagellum. The 15th cent. spelling flayel, and perhaps some earlier forms, are influenced by the Old French word.

A. n.

a. An instrument for threshing corn by hand, consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which a stouter and shorter pole or club, called a swingle or swipple, is so hung as to swing freely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail

threshelOE

flaila1100

flagel1647

threshing flail1686

a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 264 To odene fligel and andlamena fela.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1500 Þa þresshesst tu þin corn wiþþ fleȝȝl.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 174 Faytors..flapten on with fleiles from morwe til euen.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 16 Alle ranne theder..some with a rake, some with a brome..some with a flayel.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAAii The flayle tryeth the corne frome the chaf.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 126 in Poems Nor did great Gide'on his old Flail disdain, After won Fields.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 16 A blown Bladder fastned like a Flayl to the end of a short Stick.

1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. (1876) x. 24 Thirty years ago all corn, or nearly all corn, was threshed by the flail.

Proverb.1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 98 I dare be bold to say, 'Tis such a flail as there can ne're be fence for.1730 J. Swift On Stephen Duck in Poems 115 The Proverb says; No Fence against a Flail.

b. figurative. Also in phrase to be threshed with your own flail: to be treated as you have treated others.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > make a return [verb (intransitive)] > come back on one (of one's own action)

to be threshed with your own flail1490

hoist with his own petard1604

to come home to roost1810

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxii. 121 Beten wyth the flayel of fortune.

1589 Pappe with Hatchet (1844) 23 Faith Martin, you shall bee thresht with your owne flaile.

1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 7 A Scourge of Wit, and Flaile of Sence.

1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 302 Flails of oratory thresh the floor.

1831 T. Carlyle Jrnl. Oct. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: First Forty Years (1882) II. ix. 208 A tall, loose..vehement-looking flail of a man.

2. A military weapon resembling a threshing-flail in construction, but usually of iron or strengthened with iron, and often having the striking part armed with spikes. Cf. morning star n.Also Protestant flail (English History): a weapon consisting of a short staff, loaded with lead, attached to the wrist by a strap; it is said to have been carried during the excitement of the ‘Popish Plot’ (1678–81) by persons who professed to be in fear of murderous assaults by ‘Papists’.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > blunt weapons other than sticks > [noun] > flail or black-jack

flailc1475

wapper1481

scorpion1541

threshel1688

swingle1818

life-preserver1833

black jack1848

slung-shot1848

neddy1851

slingshot1891

slogger1892

Jack1911

nunchaku1969

nunchuck1970

c1475 Partenay 2999 Flaelles thre of yre.

c1500 Melusine (1895) xxxviii. 303 The geaunt toke hys flayel of yron, & gaf geffray a grete buffet.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ix. sig. T7 He with his yron flayle Gan driue at him, with..might and maine.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island ix. xxviii. 128 Afflictions iron flail her soul had thrasht.

?c1682 Ballad in Roxburghe Ballads IV. 35 Listen a while, and I'll tell you a tale Of a new Device of a Protestant Flayl.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) 572 A certain Pocket Weapon..called a Protestant Flail.

1887 Dict. National Biogr. XI. 332 [S. College] made himself notorious..by inventing a weapon..which he called ‘the protestant flail’.

†3. [After French fléau.] Something that swings on a pivot.

a. A swing-bar for a gate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > movable bar

flaila1500

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 206 Merlin caught the flayle of the yate and plukked it to hym and yede oute as lightly as it hadde not haue ben lokked.

b. A beam like that of a balance (by which two buckets can be lowered alternately into a draw-well).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water

well bucket1477

flail?a1500

kettle-mill1570

scoop1580

water engine1611

chain-pumpa1618

cochlea1648

water-screw1648

engine1652

bucket-fountain1663

chain1682

noria1696

tub-engine1702

tub-gin1702

well-pole1727

screw engine1729

rag1747

rag pump1747

swape1773

picotah1780

water balance1800

ram1801

well sweep1818

shadoof1836

hydraulic belt1856

water carrier1875

bailer1883

trip-bucket1926

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Husbandman l. 2407 in Poems (1981) 90 Lawrence gird doun [the well]..The vther baid abufe and held the flaill.

c. A lever with the free extremity weighted, forming part of a cider-press. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > cider-making > [noun] > mill or press > part of

voller1675

flail1678

sister1789

suiter1833

suiter board1897

1678 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum (ed. 2) 114 The Flail-Press,..with heavy weights or stones, at the end of the Flail.

†4. As transl. of Latin flagellum: A scourge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge

swepea700

scourgea1225

whipc1325

swaipa1400

flagellec1430

flail?a1475

foueta1492

scorpion1541

lash1577

sot1588

thong1592

chawbuck1698

knout1716

taw1787

flagellum1807

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 139 Takenge a flayle in theire honde.

B. adj.

[ < A. used attributively as in flail-joint n. at Compounds 2 (see above).] Of a part of the body, esp. a joint: exhibiting grossly excessive mobility as a result of the loss or absence of normal muscular control.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adjective] > with lack of control

flail1876

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [adjective] > excessively mobile

flail1876

hypermobile1941

1876 [see flail-joint n. at Compounds 2].

1919 R. C. Elmslie After Treatm. Wounds & Injuries vi. 61 A flail but mobile hip joint can be supported by..a Thomas Caliper splint.

1919 R. C. Elmslie After Treatm. Wounds & Injuries xiv. 206 A flail condition of the hip joint results from removal of the head of the femur.

1959 A. G. Apley Syst. Orthopaedics & Fractures viii. 78 Where the muscles controlling a joint are all equally weakened..the joint becomes flail.

1961 G. Perkins Orthopaedics xx. 300 A Charcot's elbow is also flail, but it is unlike the flail elbow caused by surgical excision.

1968 A. B. Ferguson Orthopaedic Surg. (ed. 3) vii. 605 The foot, if completely flail, must be supported on both sides, as well as anteriorly and posteriorly, by a double upright brace.

1968 S. Taylor et al. Short Textbk. Surg. (ed. 2) xvi. 202 When a number of ribs are doubly fractured and a segment of the chest wall cannot be used in respiration it is usually referred to as a flail chest.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

flail-man n.

ΚΠ

1855 J. Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 327 The flail-man in our engraving is engaged in the assault of a castle.

1864 Ld. Palmerston in Daily Tel. 16 Dec. When the first threshing machines were introduced there was a revolt..among the flail-men.

flail-finned adj.

ΚΠ

a1631 J. Donne Progresse of Soule xxxvi, in Poems (1633) 19 The flaile-find Thresher, and steel-beak'd Sword-fish.

flail-like adj.

ΚΠ

1880 R. Browning Dramatic Idyls 2nd Ser. 224 A human sheaf it thrashed Flail-like.

C2.

flail-cap n. = Dutch vlegelkap, German flegelkappe), the cap (cap n.¹ 12) or caplin n. of a flail.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of

flail-capc1440

flail-staffc1440

flail-swinglec1440

swinglec1440

swipplea1450

supple1556

flinging-tree1786

flail-stone1851

flapper1854

swindle1857

swingletree1858

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 165/1 Fleyl cappe, cappa.

flail-capping n. dialect = flail-cap n.

ΚΠ

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Flail cappin', the leather attached to the upper end of the flail soople.

flail harvester n. (also flail-type harvester) a type of harvesting-machine for forage-grass (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > reaping tools > forage harvester

swipplea1450

forage harvester1944

flail harvester1959

1959 Farmer & Stockbreeder 12 May 70 (heading) With a flail harvester.

1959 Farmer & Stockbreeder 12 May 70/1 The true flail-type harvester has a horizontal rotor to which is attached a number of free-swinging flails or cutters. [These flails] cut the grass by high speed impact.

flail-joint n. Medicine a joint showing grossly excessive mobility.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > excessive mobility

flail-joint1876

hypermobility1927

1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 173 A flail joint, i.e. union by a fibrous bond, more or less long, between the bones of thigh and leg.

1967 A. R. Shands et al. Handbk. Orthopaedic Surg. x. 190 Useful procedures in the surgical treatment of polio~myelitis and other types of flaccid paralysis..restore stability to flail joints.

† flail-press n. Obsolete (see A. 3c).

† flail-staff n. Obsolete the part of the flail held in the hands.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of

flail-capc1440

flail-staffc1440

flail-swinglec1440

swinglec1440

swipplea1450

supple1556

flinging-tree1786

flail-stone1851

flapper1854

swindle1857

swingletree1858

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 165/2 Fleyl staffe, or honde staffe, manutentum.

flail-stone n. an elongated stone with a hole at one end, for use as a flail-swingle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of

flail-capc1440

flail-staffc1440

flail-swinglec1440

swinglec1440

swipplea1450

supple1556

flinging-tree1786

flail-stone1851

flapper1854

swindle1857

swingletree1858

1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. i. vi. 133 Like the ruder flail-stone, the morning-star, when efficiently wielded, must have proved a deadly weapon.

† flail-swinger n. Obsolete a thresher.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > thresher

thresher1221

thrasher1364

tasker14..

flail-swinger?1518

berrier1573

lotman1762

barnmana1805

?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.ij^v Adam auerus flayle swenger.

flail-swingle n. the swinging or freely-moving part of the flail.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of

flail-capc1440

flail-staffc1440

flail-swinglec1440

swinglec1440

swipplea1450

supple1556

flinging-tree1786

flail-stone1851

flapper1854

swindle1857

swingletree1858

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 165/2 Fleyle swyngyl, virga.

flail tank n. a type of tank used for clearing a mine-field.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > armed or armoured > tank > types of

whippet1918

cruiser tank1940

Valentine1941

General Sherman (tank)1942

Valentine tank1943

buffalo1944

flail tank1944

1944 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 12 Apr.–12 Sept. 423 (caption) The enemy has sown mines and the flail tank in the distance is clearing them away.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

flailv.

Brit.

/fleɪl/, U.S.

/fleɪl/

Forms: Also Middle English flayle, 1600s fleyle.

Etymology: < flail n. In early examples of sense 1 perhaps < Old French flaeler < Latin flagellāre to flagellate v.

1. transitive. To scourge, whip; to beat or thrash. Also to flail along, to drive by beating.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > whip or scourge

swingc725

scourc1386

whipc1386

lash1398

bescourgea1400

swaipa1400

flail14..

belash1458

stripec1460

leash1503

flagelle1551

swingea1556

breech1573

lace1599

flagellate1623

slash1631

chawbuck1682

innocentize1708

swepe1710

belace1736

screenge1787

yedder1818

stock-whip1852

rawhide1858

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates > with blows

beatc1384

whip1587

stave1633

skelp1824

to flail along1888

14.. Songs & Carols (Percy Soc.) lx. 72 They hym naylyd and yl flaylyd, Alas, that innocent!

1839 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici IX. xi. 373 He flails me, and makes all my body burn with his fire.

1873 J. G. Holland Arthur Bonnicastle v. 85 That's the way my mother always flailed me.

1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. i. 14 We soon got sharp enough to flail him [sc. a pony] along with a quince stick.

2. To strike with or as with a flail.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of striking with specific blunt weapon > strike with specific blunt weapon [verb (transitive)]

mellc1440

wapper1481

bebat1565

rib-roast1570

batonc1580

flail1582

club1593

bastonate1596

cudgel1598

rib-baste1598

shrub1599

truncheon1600

cut1607

scutch1611

macea1634

batoon1683

towel1705

quarterstaff1709

pole1728

handspike1836

blackjack1847

bludgeon1868

sandbag1887

cosh1922

sap1926

pistol-whip1930

knuckle-dust1962

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil Descr. Liparen in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 95 For Mars they [sc. the Cyclopes] be sternfulye flayling Hudge spoaks and chariots.

1622 H. Sydenham Serm. ii. 97 If we can fleyle down the transgressions of the time.

1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 165 The misery..made me flail the water with my paddle like a madman.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Flail, to hit; to beat with a down stroke.

1883 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. With giant stroke she flails about, And heaps a score of dead.

3. To thresh (corn) with a flail.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > thresh

threshOE

tread1382

stampa1425

berry1483

fine1579

thrash1594

to beat out1611

flack1743

cob1796

flail1821

scutch1844

strip1861

1821 J. D. Paul Rouge et Noir 24 Clod..Pens verses on the sheaves he should be flailing.

figurative.1857 J. G. Whittier What of the Day? 30 See..through its cloud of dust, the threshing-floor, Flailed by the thunder, heaped with chaffless grain!

4. intransitive. To move in the manner of a flail. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > flap or beat up and down

fanc1400

swapa1529

wavea1530

flap1692

winnow1852

flail1874

flip-flop1924

1874 J. S. Blackie in A. M. Stoddart J. S. Blackie (1895) II. xvii. 99 Carlyle..is flailing about him in the same one-sided magnificently unreasonable way that you know.

1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 122/2 She comes flailing along, head back, toes pointed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	flail
释义	flailn.adj. Brit. /fleɪl/, U.S. /fleɪl/ Forms: Old English fligel, Middle English Orm. fleȝȝl, Middle English fleil(e, -yl(e, Middle English–1500s flaill, Middle English flayel, flaylle, flaelle, Middle English–1600s flayl(e, 1500s flale, flael, 1500s–1700s flaile, 1600s fleale, fleyle, (1700s flay), Middle English– flail. Etymology: The late Old English fligel is possibly a corruption of flęgil, corresponding to Middle Dutch, Dutch, Low German vlegel, Old High German flegel* (Middle High German vlegel, modern German flegel) < West Germanic flagil, probably < Latin flagellum* lit. ‘scourge,’ but already in the Vulgate used for ‘flail’. Some scholars have thought that the West Germanic word may be < Old Germanic root flah-, flag-* < pre-Germanic plak- (compare Lithuanian plàkti* to strike, Greek πληγνύναι); but this appears improbable. Compare the synonymous Romance forms, Old French flaiel, flael, fleel (modern French fléau), Provençal flagel, flachel, Spanish flagelo, Portuguese flagello, Italian fragello < Latin flagellum. The 15th cent. spelling flayel, and perhaps some earlier forms, are influenced by the Old French word. A. n. 1. a. An instrument for threshing corn by hand, consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which a stouter and shorter pole or club, called a swingle or swipple, is so hung as to swing freely. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail threshelOE flaila1100 flagel1647 threshing flail1686 a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 264 To odene fligel and andlamena fela. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1500 Þa þresshesst tu þin corn wiþþ fleȝȝl. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 174 Faytors..flapten on with fleiles from morwe til euen. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 16 Alle ranne theder..some with a rake, some with a brome..some with a flayel. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAAii The flayle tryeth the corne frome the chaf. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iv. 126 in Poems Nor did great Gide'on his old Flail disdain, After won Fields. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 16 A blown Bladder fastned like a Flayl to the end of a short Stick. 1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. (1876) x. 24 Thirty years ago all corn, or nearly all corn, was threshed by the flail. Proverb.1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 98 I dare be bold to say, 'Tis such a flail as there can ne're be fence for.1730 J. Swift On Stephen Duck in Poems 115 The Proverb says; No Fence against a Flail. b. figurative. Also in phrase to be threshed with your own flail: to be treated as you have treated others. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > make a return [verb (intransitive)] > come back on one (of one's own action) to be threshed with your own flail1490 hoist with his own petard1604 to come home to roost1810 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxii. 121 Beten wyth the flayel of fortune. 1589 Pappe with Hatchet (1844) 23 Faith Martin, you shall bee thresht with your owne flaile. 1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 7 A Scourge of Wit, and Flaile of Sence. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 302 Flails of oratory thresh the floor. 1831 T. Carlyle Jrnl. Oct. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: First Forty Years (1882) II. ix. 208 A tall, loose..vehement-looking flail of a man. 2. A military weapon resembling a threshing-flail in construction, but usually of iron or strengthened with iron, and often having the striking part armed with spikes. Cf. morning star n.Also Protestant flail (English History): a weapon consisting of a short staff, loaded with lead, attached to the wrist by a strap; it is said to have been carried during the excitement of the ‘Popish Plot’ (1678–81) by persons who professed to be in fear of murderous assaults by ‘Papists’. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > blunt weapons other than sticks > [noun] > flail or black-jack flailc1475 wapper1481 scorpion1541 threshel1688 swingle1818 life-preserver1833 black jack1848 slung-shot1848 neddy1851 slingshot1891 slogger1892 Jack1911 nunchaku1969 nunchuck1970 c1475 Partenay 2999 Flaelles thre of yre. c1500 Melusine (1895) xxxviii. 303 The geaunt toke hys flayel of yron, & gaf geffray a grete buffet. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ix. sig. T7 He with his yron flayle Gan driue at him, with..might and maine. View more context for this quotation 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island ix. xxviii. 128 Afflictions iron flail her soul had thrasht. ?c1682 Ballad in Roxburghe Ballads IV. 35 Listen a while, and I'll tell you a tale Of a new Device of a Protestant Flayl. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) 572 A certain Pocket Weapon..called a Protestant Flail. 1887 Dict. National Biogr. XI. 332 [S. College] made himself notorious..by inventing a weapon..which he called ‘the protestant flail’. †3. [After French fléau.] Something that swings on a pivot. a. A swing-bar for a gate. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > movable bar flaila1500 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 206 Merlin caught the flayle of the yate and plukked it to hym and yede oute as lightly as it hadde not haue ben lokked. b. A beam like that of a balance (by which two buckets can be lowered alternately into a draw-well). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water well bucket1477 flail?a1500 kettle-mill1570 scoop1580 water engine1611 chain-pumpa1618 cochlea1648 water-screw1648 engine1652 bucket-fountain1663 chain1682 noria1696 tub-engine1702 tub-gin1702 well-pole1727 screw engine1729 rag1747 rag pump1747 swape1773 picotah1780 water balance1800 ram1801 well sweep1818 shadoof1836 hydraulic belt1856 water carrier1875 bailer1883 trip-bucket1926 a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Husbandman l. 2407 in Poems (1981) 90 Lawrence gird doun [the well]..The vther baid abufe and held the flaill. c. A lever with the free extremity weighted, forming part of a cider-press. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > cider-making > [noun] > mill or press > part of voller1675 flail1678 sister1789 suiter1833 suiter board1897 1678 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum (ed. 2) 114 The Flail-Press,..with heavy weights or stones, at the end of the Flail. †4. As transl. of Latin flagellum: A scourge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge swepea700 scourgea1225 whipc1325 swaipa1400 flagellec1430 flail?a1475 foueta1492 scorpion1541 lash1577 sot1588 thong1592 chawbuck1698 knout1716 taw1787 flagellum1807 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 139 Takenge a flayle in theire honde. B. adj. [ < A. used attributively as in flail-joint n. at Compounds 2 (see above).] Of a part of the body, esp. a joint: exhibiting grossly excessive mobility as a result of the loss or absence of normal muscular control. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adjective] > with lack of control flail1876 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [adjective] > excessively mobile flail1876 hypermobile1941 1876 [see flail-joint n. at Compounds 2]. 1919 R. C. Elmslie After Treatm. Wounds & Injuries vi. 61 A flail but mobile hip joint can be supported by..a Thomas Caliper splint. 1919 R. C. Elmslie After Treatm. Wounds & Injuries xiv. 206 A flail condition of the hip joint results from removal of the head of the femur. 1959 A. G. Apley Syst. Orthopaedics & Fractures viii. 78 Where the muscles controlling a joint are all equally weakened..the joint becomes flail. 1961 G. Perkins Orthopaedics xx. 300 A Charcot's elbow is also flail, but it is unlike the flail elbow caused by surgical excision. 1968 A. B. Ferguson Orthopaedic Surg. (ed. 3) vii. 605 The foot, if completely flail, must be supported on both sides, as well as anteriorly and posteriorly, by a double upright brace. 1968 S. Taylor et al. Short Textbk. Surg. (ed. 2) xvi. 202 When a number of ribs are doubly fractured and a segment of the chest wall cannot be used in respiration it is usually referred to as a flail chest. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. flail-man n. ΚΠ 1855 J. Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 327 The flail-man in our engraving is engaged in the assault of a castle. 1864 Ld. Palmerston in Daily Tel. 16 Dec. When the first threshing machines were introduced there was a revolt..among the flail-men. b. flail-finned adj. ΚΠ a1631 J. Donne Progresse of Soule xxxvi, in Poems (1633) 19 The flaile-find Thresher, and steel-beak'd Sword-fish. flail-like adj. ΚΠ 1880 R. Browning Dramatic Idyls 2nd Ser. 224 A human sheaf it thrashed Flail-like. C2. flail-cap n. = Dutch vlegelkap, German flegelkappe), the cap (cap n.¹ 12) or caplin n. of a flail. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of flail-capc1440 flail-staffc1440 flail-swinglec1440 swinglec1440 swipplea1450 supple1556 flinging-tree1786 flail-stone1851 flapper1854 swindle1857 swingletree1858 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 165/1 Fleyl cappe, cappa. flail-capping n. dialect = flail-cap n. ΚΠ 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Flail cappin', the leather attached to the upper end of the flail soople. flail harvester n. (also flail-type harvester) a type of harvesting-machine for forage-grass (see quot.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > reaping tools > forage harvester swipplea1450 forage harvester1944 flail harvester1959 1959 Farmer & Stockbreeder 12 May 70 (heading) With a flail harvester. 1959 Farmer & Stockbreeder 12 May 70/1 The true flail-type harvester has a horizontal rotor to which is attached a number of free-swinging flails or cutters. [These flails] cut the grass by high speed impact. flail-joint n. Medicine a joint showing grossly excessive mobility. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > excessive mobility flail-joint1876 hypermobility1927 1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 173 A flail joint, i.e. union by a fibrous bond, more or less long, between the bones of thigh and leg. 1967 A. R. Shands et al. Handbk. Orthopaedic Surg. x. 190 Useful procedures in the surgical treatment of polio~myelitis and other types of flaccid paralysis..restore stability to flail joints. † flail-press n. Obsolete (see A. 3c). † flail-staff n. Obsolete the part of the flail held in the hands. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of flail-capc1440 flail-staffc1440 flail-swinglec1440 swinglec1440 swipplea1450 supple1556 flinging-tree1786 flail-stone1851 flapper1854 swindle1857 swingletree1858 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 165/2 Fleyl staffe, or honde staffe, manutentum. flail-stone n. an elongated stone with a hole at one end, for use as a flail-swingle. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of flail-capc1440 flail-staffc1440 flail-swinglec1440 swinglec1440 swipplea1450 supple1556 flinging-tree1786 flail-stone1851 flapper1854 swindle1857 swingletree1858 1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. i. vi. 133 Like the ruder flail-stone, the morning-star, when efficiently wielded, must have proved a deadly weapon. † flail-swinger n. Obsolete a thresher. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > thresher thresher1221 thrasher1364 tasker14.. flail-swinger?1518 berrier1573 lotman1762 barnmana1805 ?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.ij^v Adam auerus flayle swenger. flail-swingle n. the swinging or freely-moving part of the flail. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > threshing > flail > part of flail-capc1440 flail-staffc1440 flail-swinglec1440 swinglec1440 swipplea1450 supple1556 flinging-tree1786 flail-stone1851 flapper1854 swindle1857 swingletree1858 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 165/2 Fleyle swyngyl, virga. flail tank n. a type of tank used for clearing a mine-field. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > armed or armoured > tank > types of whippet1918 cruiser tank1940 Valentine1941 General Sherman (tank)1942 Valentine tank1943 buffalo1944 flail tank1944 1944 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 12 Apr.–12 Sept. 423 (caption) The enemy has sown mines and the flail tank in the distance is clearing them away. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022). flailv. Brit. /fleɪl/, U.S. /fleɪl/ Forms: Also Middle English flayle, 1600s fleyle. Etymology: < flail n. In early examples of sense 1 perhaps < Old French flaeler < Latin flagellāre to flagellate v. 1. transitive. To scourge, whip; to beat or thrash. Also to flail along, to drive by beating. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > whip or scourge swingc725 scourc1386 whipc1386 lash1398 bescourgea1400 swaipa1400 flail14.. belash1458 stripec1460 leash1503 flagelle1551 swingea1556 breech1573 lace1599 flagellate1623 slash1631 chawbuck1682 innocentize1708 swepe1710 belace1736 screenge1787 yedder1818 stock-whip1852 rawhide1858 the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates > with blows beatc1384 whip1587 stave1633 skelp1824 to flail along1888 14.. Songs & Carols (Percy Soc.) lx. 72 They hym naylyd and yl flaylyd, Alas, that innocent! 1839 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici IX. xi. 373 He flails me, and makes all my body burn with his fire. 1873 J. G. Holland Arthur Bonnicastle v. 85 That's the way my mother always flailed me. 1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. i. 14 We soon got sharp enough to flail him [sc. a pony] along with a quince stick. 2. To strike with or as with a flail. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of striking with specific blunt weapon > strike with specific blunt weapon [verb (transitive)] mellc1440 wapper1481 bebat1565 rib-roast1570 batonc1580 flail1582 club1593 bastonate1596 cudgel1598 rib-baste1598 shrub1599 truncheon1600 cut1607 scutch1611 macea1634 batoon1683 towel1705 quarterstaff1709 pole1728 handspike1836 blackjack1847 bludgeon1868 sandbag1887 cosh1922 sap1926 pistol-whip1930 knuckle-dust1962 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil Descr. Liparen in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis 95 For Mars they [sc. the Cyclopes] be sternfulye flayling Hudge spoaks and chariots. 1622 H. Sydenham Serm. ii. 97 If we can fleyle down the transgressions of the time. 1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 165 The misery..made me flail the water with my paddle like a madman. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Flail, to hit; to beat with a down stroke. 1883 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. With giant stroke she flails about, And heaps a score of dead. 3. To thresh (corn) with a flail. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > thresh threshOE tread1382 stampa1425 berry1483 fine1579 thrash1594 to beat out1611 flack1743 cob1796 flail1821 scutch1844 strip1861 1821 J. D. Paul Rouge et Noir 24 Clod..Pens verses on the sheaves he should be flailing. figurative.1857 J. G. Whittier What of the Day? 30 See..through its cloud of dust, the threshing-floor, Flailed by the thunder, heaped with chaffless grain! 4. intransitive. To move in the manner of a flail. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > flap or beat up and down fanc1400 swapa1529 wavea1530 flap1692 winnow1852 flail1874 flip-flop1924 1874 J. S. Blackie in A. M. Stoddart J. S. Blackie (1895) II. xvii. 99 Carlyle..is flailing about him in the same one-sided magnificently unreasonable way that you know. 1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 122/2 She comes flailing along, head back, toes pointed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1100v.14..
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