| 释义 |
fellown.  Brit.  /ˈfɛləʊ/, U.S. /ˈfɛloʊ/ (in branch III. also) Brit. /ˈfɛlə/, U.S. /ˈfɛlə/Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare early Scandinavian (runic: Denmark) filaga , felaka (accusative singular) partner, (runic: Sweden) felaga , felaha (accusative singular) partner, Old Icelandic félagi business partner, trading partner, shareholder, companion, comrade, spouse (Icelandic félagi ), Norwegian felle , Old Swedish fälaghi , Danish fælle ), with remodelling of the first element in Old English after its native equivalent feoh fee n.1 The early Scandinavian etymon is a derivative formed on the compound reflected by Old Icelandic félag , Norwegian felag , Old Swedish fælagh , Old Danish fælagh (Danish fællig ), all in sense ‘(business) partnership, joint venture’ < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic fé property, money (see fee n.1) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic lag that which is laid down, arrangement, partnership, fellowship (see law n.1 and compare lay v.1).History in Germanic. The early Scandinavian compound represented by Old Icelandic félag ultimately appears to reflect such phrases as leggja fé saman to lay money or assets together, leggja fé upp to invest (compare leggja to lay: see lay v.1). The second element of the early Scandinavian derivative noun represented by Old Icelandic félagi has sometimes alternatively been interpreted as an agent noun < the base of lay v.1; perhaps compare Old Icelandic einlagi acting alone, beside Old English ānlaga in the same sense. Compare also the analysis implied by the Old English form fēolaga . (Both the Scandinavian and the Old English word are inflected as weak masculine nouns.) Notes on forms. The β. forms show reduction of the vowel in the second syllable under reduced stress; for later representations of such pronunciations in senses corresponding to branch III., see feller n.2, fella n. Notes on senses. In sense 8a, translating classical Latin socius socius n. in the post-classical Latin sense ‘fellow of a college’ (from late 13th cent. in British sources); in other senses of branch II. denoting members of learned or other societies, translating (or, when the English is anterior to the Latin, translated by) post-classical Latin uses of classical Latin socius and classical Latin sodālis (see sodality n.). Both Latin forms might be used by fellows of a single body: for instance, the first charter of the Royal Society of London (1662) made Sodalis Regalis Societatis the style of fellows of the society, but Regalis Societatis Socius appears as early as 1682 in the Philosophical Collections published by the society. I. A partner, companion, or peer of another specified person, and related senses. †1. society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > fellow-worker society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > colleague or fellow-worker OE Inscription on Memorial Stone, Winchester in E. Okasha (1971) 127 Her l[i]ð G[vn]n[i], eorles feolaga. OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1016 Coman begen þa cyningas togædre.., & wurdon feolagan & wedbroðra, & þæt gefæstnadan ægðer mid wedde & eac mid aðan..& feng þa Eadmund cyng to Westsexan & Cnut to þam norðdæle. c1275 ( Will of Thurstan (Sawyer 1531) in D. Whitelock (1930) 80 Ic wille þat men..nime of þat lond to marc goldes to þe kinges heregete..& an marc goldes mine felage. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 1761 Min mog, min neue, and felage. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 30 Ye alderman and his felas. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 7648 Ionathas, To dauid tru felau..was. (Harl. 221) 153 Fela, or felow yn offyce, collega. 1473 J. Paston in (2004) I. 468 I wolde nat þat myn oncle William scholde cawse hym to take on hym as hys felaw. 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero i. sig. I.2 Pericles..had a felowe in offyce in his mayraltie. 1546 in W. H. Turner (1880) 226 Item, to Peter the sawyer and his felowe, for sawyng the tables. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in ix. vii. 178 Friendes and fellowes of the Romaines. 1626 F. Bacon §294 Time and Heat are Fellows in many Effects. 1896 M. Field 19 You think I want a fellow To share my throne! society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > one who assists a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. i. 23 Thi princes..felawes [L. socii] of theues. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 18416 Iewes me honged ihesu bi syde Me & my felowe. (Harl. 221) 154 Felowys, y-knytte to-gedyr in wykydnesse, complices. c1503 Nutbrown Maid in R. Arnold f. lxxvij It were a curssed dede To befelow wt an out lawe. ?1531 J. Frith i. sig. c6 The bodye was folow and pertener with the soule in committinge the cryme. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin 911/1 We thinke we are quit and innocent, if wee bee able to say, wee are not the first, and wee haue a great sort of fellowes. 1637 J. Milton 17 Some roaving robber calling to his fellows. a1677 T. Manton (1684) II. i. i. xxvi. 205 Both body and soul..are fellowes in Sin, and both are punished. the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > a sharer > in association with others a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. vi. 10 A frend, felawe of the bord [a1425 L.V. felowe of table; L. socius mensae]. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 895 I wele be ffelawe & cause of thyn deth. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 49 Þis is..to wylen to mak God felow of þis violence. 1545 (STC 16034) sig. D.iv Felowe of thy fathers light. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cclxxvjv Whan he was gone, the fellowes of that conspiracie, shranke away immediatly. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 37 Behold me, A Fellow of the Royall Bed. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton i. 606 The fellows of his crime. View more context for this quotation 2. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > close associate or companion society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > close society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > female a1225 (c1200) (1888) 139 He lið fram alle hise felawȝes. a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 27 in A. S. M. Clark (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 13 Ir felawes þat hire biseten, ful yerne hire bihulde. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 4888 Þemperour & he..felawes hadde beene. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 397 Austyn come..wiþ fourty felawes. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 709 To wrecche is consolacioun To haue an other felawe yn his peyne. c1450 (?c1425) St. Katherine of Siena l. 7 in (1885) 8 194 She wente wiþ confessours & hir felowes, þat were wymen. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. KKKi Priuat prayer, that they say by themselfe, or with a felowe. 1549 K. Ashley Let. in B. Cusack (1998) 236 My..memory..ys neuer good..as my lady & al my feloues & hysbond can tel yow. 1611 Jonah i. 7 They said euery one to his fellow; Come, and let vs cast lots. View more context for this quotation 1611 Judges xi. 37 She said..Let me alone two moneths, that I may goe vp and downe vpon the mountaines..I, and my fellowes [1885 R.V. companions] . View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Jackson i. 32 Felicitas with her seven Sons, were..fellowes in martyrdome. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto iv. 8 Brave men, their fellows in arms. 1725 D. Defoe i. 70 They being separated from their Fellows, were oblig'd to fly. 1797 C. Lamb Let. 7 Apr. in (1975) I. 106 A friend should never be reduced to beg an alms of his fellow. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in 2nd Ser. II. 253 Rothsay and his fellows..were in the street in mask. 1849 T. B. Macaulay II. 116 His fellows rescued him and beat the hangman. 1889 Sept. 1/1 One girl of the party..stood a little apart from her fellows. 1929 13 Nov. 8/2 There he lies, not divided from his fellows in arms. 1966 J. M. Freeland i. 20 Within a year..she had entered into the type of relationship with a male convict that she had so deplored in her fellows on the voyage out. 2015 E. Mark tr. Y. Yoshiaki iii. 198 Fujioka and his fellows were soon moved to the Zanboanga POW camp on Mindanao. c1300 (Laud) (1868) l. 1338 (MED) Lith and selthe felawes are. c1390 (Vernon) (1967) 506 Wisdam nis not worþ an hawe Þer Pees fayleþ to [a1450 Bodl. Add. be] felawe. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 29051 Fasting agh..To haf foluand þir four felaus, Fredom, gladdeschipe, houe, and time. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 75v Who so frend is & felow to þat foule vise. 1548 f. viij Good hope..is the best felowe and companion. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach i. f. 12 Order is a iolly felowe. 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (new ed.) ii. iv. 50 Riches and Fear are fellows euer-more. 1855 R. Browning Old Pictures in Florence viii, in II. 34 Old and New are fellows. 1877 H. Bonar i. 32 Hope, her fellow, looks into the east. 1931 S. T. Warner 33 Good fortune's fellow, by old ties invoked. the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > one of the same breed the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > species or sub-species > individual member of c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 218 in C. Horstmann (1887) 225 Þe fowel..to his felawes wende þo. c1400 (?c1390) (1940) l. 1702 A kenet kryes þerof, þe hunt on hym calles, His felaȝes fallen hym to. a1438 (1940) i. 10 (MED) He toke þe oþer hors..And lech as hys felaw dede so dede he, for he wold not drawe. 1560 Bp. J. Pilkington (new issue) sig. Cc.vi If a sheepe runne from hys felowes, the the [sic] Shepeherde settes hys Dogge after it. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iv. f. 161 Those..eate vp eyther theyr owne Egges, or theyr fellowes. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy i. 6 Some of the Oxen..missed their fellowes behind, and honing after them, bellowed as their nature is. 1692 R. L'Estrange cccxxx. 287 A Certain Shepherd had One Favourite-Dog..and took more Care of him..then of any of his Fellows. 1734 E. Albin II. 72 About the beginning of May [the Harbingers] return again with the whole Troop of their Fellows. 1834 1 Feb. 70/2 A gentleman residing at Bury St. Edmund's..could distinguish each bee from its fellow. 1896 10 Oct. 502/1 In Male Kids we noticed some very fine-grown youngsters..notably..Mrs. Monkhouse's Wallis... Its fellow, Arnold.., has a grand head and neck. 1954 Sept. 120/2 No man-made machine has been invented capable of entering a herd of cattle and separating one lone steer from its fellows. 1984 C. H. Fry i. 16 A bird keeps close company with its fellows. 2013 P. Brackston ix. 150 The moment the final steer joins its fellows Mrs. Jones appears in the yard with welcome refreshments. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > fellow or one of the same kind tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. l. 553 (MED) In delues breef this cannes eyon do, And vche of half a fote his felow fro. 1443 in J. Raine (1855) II. 132 (MED) A quart pot of silver..a basyn of silver, the felowe of the foreseid. 1628 T. Brabourne 101 A thing at first hearing very strange, that of 10. [Commandements] only one should so farre differ in kinde from its fellowes. 1697 J. Dryden Postscr. to Rdr. in tr. Virgil 622 If the last Æneid shine amongst its Fellows. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer I. iii. 383 Five tall barks the winds and waters tost Far from their fellows. 1841 41 104 The Iridina rubens and its fellows, now forming Mr. Lea's subgenus Spatha, do not fulfil that cardinal condition. 1871 E. A. Freeman IV. xviii. 200 A height of less elevation than some of its fellows. 1950 A. Seton xiv. 331 Dart had taken down the shelter and scattered the pine boughs back amongst the primeval carpet with their fellows. 2014 D. Blake v. 51 The number three ball raced away from its fellows and slid into the corner pocket. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > pleasant society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaker > [noun] > habitual a1225 (c1200) (1888) 139 (MED) Alle hise felawȝes ðe he was bewune mide to drinken and to pleiȝen. c1225 (?c1200) (Royal) l. 23 (MED) Þes Maximian luuede..elewsius..ant weren as feolahes þurh muche freontschipe. c1300 Pilate (Harl.) l. 34 in F. J. Furnivall (1862) 112 For þat on was god and þat oþer schrewe: gode felawes neuere hi nere. c1330 (c1250) (Auch.) (1966) l. 509 Clarice..saide to Blauncheflour: ‘Felawe, knouestou ouȝt þis flour?’ a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 360 Greteþ wel oft alle my freyliche felawes. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxxvii. 4 The mete felawe to the frend shal be merie in likingus. a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Monk returns from Death (Coll. Phys.) in at Felau(e For riuelic to gider drawes Faithe lufreden god felawes. c1450 (1904) I. 38 (MED) Þai wer grete felows, & ather luffid other passand wele. 1462 J. Gloys in (2004) II. 250 I dede a gode fele to enquere of Yemmys Skynner. a1500 (?c1450) xx. 318 They wente to sitte down alle v to-geder as goode felowes and trewe. 1521 tr. C. de Pisan xiv. sig. C.vi He wente neuer but she was al way his ryght true felawe without departynge. 1535 Ecclus. xiii. 6 He shal be a good felowe with thee. 1542 N. Udall in tr. Erasmus To Rdr. sig. *iiiv As if at a feaste with varietee of good meates & drynkes furnyshed..one yt drynketh single beere should bee greued with his nexte feloe for drynkyng ale or wyne. 4. A person who or thing which shares an attribute with another specified person or thing; a person or thing belonging to the same class or category as another. society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > one's social equal(s) c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) 249 Engles hwas feolahes [a1250 Titus felahes] ha beoð. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 6255 (MED) Eiþer king so moche wilneþ to be louerd her Þat hor noþer nele abbe felawe ne per. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 22778 Þir men sal be þan his felaghes. c1440 (Thornton) (1913) 55 (MED) I trowed noȝte þat I was goddes creature bot goddes Felawe. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxi. §21. 81 Proude men, that raises thaim vp syngulerly, and suffers na felaghis. a1500 How Good Man taught his Son (Cambr.) l. 132 in (1889) 2 32 Thy wyfe..Thogh sche be sirvunt in degree, In some degre sche felowe ys. 1529 Articles against Wolsey in R. Fiddes (1724) Collect. 216 He us'd himself more like a Fellow to your Highness than like a subject. 1580 Godly Admon. in W. K. Clay (1847) 573 Servants are become..fellows with masters. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso i. xii. 3 His fellowes late, shall be his subjects now. 1696 F. Gregory xv. 122 If our Lord be indeed his Father's Fellow, equal to him in all the transcendent Excellencies of the Divine Nature. a1709 J. Fraser (1905) 163 Among the pieres he was patron and patern and..precedent of all his fellowes. 1765 (ed. 3) 32 To be assessed by a jury of his fellows. 1835 24 Jan. 61/2 The taunts of my fellows in rank, who were not my fellows in birth. 1935 W. W. Williams i. 10 His readiness to receive all-comers..would have made him naturally sympathetic with his fellows of equal age and equal rank. 1995 L. Kolakowski ii. 135 Pascal was preoccupied with his peers, his fellows from the privileged classes. the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [adjective] > equal in effect or equivalent a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. l. 3042 (MED) Ayein the hihe goddes lawe, To whom noman mai be felawe. c1475 St. Michael (BL Add. 11565) in R. Hamer & V. Russell (2000) 281 And thes .ij. soules dye when the body dieth, but ther is the .iij.de soule that is most worthy, for that soule come fro heuene and is felew to angel. 1587 G. Turberville f. 9 Not euery fish that flittes amyd the floud..Is fellowe to the Delphine swifte. 1607 T. Middleton i. sig. A3v Had his estate beene fellow to his mind. 1674 Lady Chaworth Let. 1 Oct. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 12th Rep. App. Pt. V: MSS Duke of Rutland (1889) 27 in (C. 5889–II) XLIV. 393 A very old perspective almost fellow to that you have. 1858 H. Bushnell 33 They..have nothing fellow to God in their substance. the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > rivalry or vying > match or rival c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 700 (MED) Hir knyȝtly broþer, most worþi of renoun..in þis worlde had no felawe Of worþinesse nor of manlyhede! a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 913 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 123 So fair Is my fetherem I haf no falowe. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Bii In reasonynge, and debatynge of matters..he hadde fewe fellowes. 1583 C. Hollyband 53 Varro..amongest the learned maisters of this schoole hath no fellows. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 61 The Northerne Starre, Of whose true fixt, and resting quality, There is no fellow in the Firmament. a1630 J. Oglander (1888) 150 Sir Rychard Woorseley, my good frynd, who both for naturoll and artificial guyftes had not his fellowe in owre countrie. 1704 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. 219 St. Longinus and St. Amphibalus..have not their fellows in the Almanack. 1745 J. Swift 32 Put your Finger into every Bottle..for Feeling hath no fellow. 1751 T. Smollett I. xiii. 95 Mr. Jennings is gone, and Mr. Keypstick will never meet with his fellow. 1871 E. A. Freeman IV. xviii. 240 His march must, as a military exploit, have been the fellow of the great march which carried Harold from London to Stamfordbridge. 1892 8 Dec. 435/1 The strange poetic nature..has had no fellow unless in Rembrandt. 2009 17 292 The organizer without fellow of often wildly disparate texts ranging from Aristotle to Žižek. 1428 in (2007) 1428/3/3 Of thare rentis ilk punde sal be utheris falow to the contribucioun of the said costis. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > one's fellow-man the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > fellow or one of the same kind > another of the sort 1477 Earl Rivers tr. (Caxton) (1877) lf. 6 Wyl noon of you do to your felowe, otherwyse than ye wolde be don to. 1651 T. Hobbes ii. xvii. 87 Irrational creatures..as long as they be at ease..are not offended with their fellowes. 1764 O. Goldsmith 4 Some spot..Where my worn soul..May gather bliss to see my fellows blest. 1819 Ld. Byron iii. 52 Danger levels man and brute, And all are fellows in their need. 1877 E. A. Freeman (ed. 3) II. viii. 241 There was no acknowledged legal right in churl, or thegn,..to make open war upon his fellow. 1926 C. J. H. Hayes viii. 260 An intolerant attitude and behaviour towards one's fellows. 1979 E. P. Skinner in (Boston Univ. Afro-Amer. Stud. Program Occas. Papers No. 5) 125 It was these factors..that kept Afro-Americans apart from their fellows [sc. white Americans]. 2004 O. Singer in H. Reventlow & Y. Hoffman 57 At the basis of the lies and hypocrisy are hidden the interests of those who oppress their fellows. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > that which resembles something else a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iii. 62 Macb. 'Twas a rough Night. Len. My young remembrance cannot paralell A fellow to it. View more context for this quotation 1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo vii. 258 So terrible an Uproar, and Disorder in Hell, that..the oldest Devil there never knew the Fellow of it. 1740 S. Richardson I. xxviii. 96 Four other Shifts, one the Fellow to that I have on. 1782 J. Douglas I. 48 Receiving the tooth-pick case..I was desirous to know what a fellow to it could be purchased for. 1884 J. Payne tr. IX. 101 The watch, whose fashion also is of my own invention, nor is there the fellow of it in Bassora. 1899 Nov. 348/2 One might search for long and fail to discover a fellow to the fine Cromwellian piece..now used by its owner as a cheese-dish. 1965 19 23/2 What we have in this giant figure is a rather close copy of its fellow at Aukana. 1995 M. Hood in E. Caldwell (new ed.) Foreword p. xiv What is The Sacrilege of Alan Kent? Original, rich, puzzling, frustrating, without category, without fellow. 1638 J. Ford iv. 61 The great Duke..would lift up My head to fellow pompe amongst his Nobles. the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [noun] > contemporary 1844 14 Dec. 372/2 Stratford offered but a poor field for the enterprise of one who..possessed energies and genius far beyond his fellows. 1886 A. C. Swinburne Middleton in Jan. 138 Fellows and followers of Shakespeare. 1919 W. Y. Fullerton i. 3 Spurgeon..was not only followed and admired, he was trusted and loved beyond his fellows. 1951 79 436 It may be that the sublimity of his art has lifted him up beyond his fellows. 2011 J. Arnould x. 181 The biological and psychological revolutions, successively triggered by Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud and their colleagues, fellows and successors. 5. The complementary individual of a pair; a counterpart; a mate. the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] > a complement or counterpart c1330 (?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch.) in J. Zupitza (1891) 665 (MED) Ichaue founde me compaynoun, Me felle wiþ to fiȝte. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 2970 (MED) And eueryche oþer, sothly, as I rede, His felawe hath made to leue his stede. a1475 (a1450) (Harl.) (1930) l. 155 (MED) Icha freke in þa feld on hys felay be[t], And layd o[n] styfly. 1565 J. Jewel viii. 379 As a Cocke, that is wel pampered with Garlike before the fighte, he seeketh to ouermatche his felowe, rather with rankenes of breathe, then with might of Bodie. 1675 W. Dugdale I. 244/1 Her Knight being called Chevalier Attendant; who with his Fellow must run and course with sharp Spears. the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > pair or couple > mate society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > [noun] > spouse, consort, or partner c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham (1902) 154 (MED) Sede adam..‘Nedde þe wymman, lord, y-be Þat to felaȝe þou madest me.’ a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 1614-6 God made womman man to gyue..No to be mayster, but felaw leue, No nat ouer logh, no nat ouer hy, But euene felaw. a1425 (?a1350) (Galba) (1907) l. 4058 (MED) Þe ȝonger toke hir to his make; Þe ȝonger rauen hir toke þat tyme For his felow forth with hym. a1500 (a1460) (1994) I. i. 10 Eue, my felow, how thynk the this? 1512 in M. Livingstone (1908) I. 369/2 His [sc. the King's] derest fallow the quene. 1591 H. Smith 24 It is good for man to haue a fellow. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 224 When they be but heifers of one yeare..they are let go to the fellow and breed. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 84 I am your wife, if you will marrie me;..to be your fellow You may denie me, but Ile be your seruant. View more context for this quotation the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 9v (MED) Þer be 7 pair of neruez which inmediatly springeþ of þe brayn, And 30 which be middes of nucha, And without felawe þat spryngeþ bi þe ende of ossarij. 1571 in F. G. Emmison (1986) (modernized text) III. 388 A framed hutch (the fellow to Agnes' hutch). 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. viii. 41 Let me see thy gloue. Looke you, This is the fellow of it. 1623 R. Boyle Diary 29 July in (1886) 1st Ser. II. 85 I gaue Sir Wm parsons Lady a fair bay coach gelding and am to send her a fellow to him. 1719 D. Defoe 53 Two Shoes that were not Fellows. 1839 22 156 While one leg was convulsed, its fellow remained quiet. 1856 E. K. Kane I. xxxi. 430 I ran..throwing off first one mitten and then its fellow to avoid pursuit. 1917 E. L. Keyes xxxiii. 328 Acute infection of one kidney is almost always associated with mild infection of its fellow. 1953 ‘P. Wentworth’ ii. 8 The glove and its fellow had been thrust into the pocket of a blue swagger coat. 1993 P. Ackroyd (1994) 50 Everything on earth has its fellow within the sea. †6. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person > term of address a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 275 Þemperour..clepud to him þe couherde & curteysly seide; ‘now telle me, felawe,..sei þou euer þemperour?’ a1450 ( G. Chaucer (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 366 I asked oon ladde a lymere Sei felow, who shal hunt here? 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre (1913) 30 Vaissale or felawe [Fr. vassal] thou hast don to me now the most grettest dishonour. c1500 King & Hermit in M. M. Furrow (1985) 261 Vnto þe knaue seyd þe frere, ‘Felow, go wyȝtly here.’ 1598 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 99 Thou fellow, a worde. Who gaue thee this letter? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 102 Gramercie fellow: there, drinke that for me. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] > one of the common people a1400 (a1325) (Fairf. 14) l. 6705 (MED) Qua smytis out his felaw [Vesp. thains, Gött. thrales] eye..he sal ham make baþ fre and quyte. ?a1425 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones (1933) 261 (MED) Of lord ny felow, whether he be Of hem thou take no maner of fe. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry (1971) cxxiii. 164 Of lordes and of felawes. a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) i. xix. sig. M5 There came a fellow, who being out of breath..with humble hastines told Basilius, that his Mistres, the Lady Cecropia, had sent him. society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun] c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1146 (MED) Hercules..Of hiȝ disdeyn euen þus he spak, With cher askoyn vn-to þe messanger, And seide, ‘felaw, be no þing in wer Of our abidyng.’ a1450 (1885) 193 Þis felowe..we with folye fande. c1450 (?a1400) (BL Add. 31042) l. 183 (MED) Felowe, be my faythe, þou fonnes full ȝerne. 1535 3 Esdras vii. A A fleshly felowe and a preacher of lyes. 1570 R. Sempill sig. a.ivv This..fallow of na kin..Begouth to reule. 1597 W. Shakespeare v. vi. 53 And who doth lead them but a paltrey fellow..? Long kept in Brittaine at our mothers cost, A milkesopt. 1679 R. South 274 Fellows that set up for Messias's. 1734 A. Pope 10 Worth makes the Man, and want of it the Fellow. 1749 H. Fielding VI. xvii. ii. 93 You..have so disdainfully called him Fellow . View more context for this quotation 1776 in D. Herd (ed. 2) I. 92 I see by thy ill colour, Some fallow's deed thou hast done. 1827 B. Disraeli III. v. xiii. 264 This is some vile conspiracy of your own, fellow. 1836 C. Dickens (1837) xv. 150 ‘Sir,’ said Mr. Tupman, ‘you're a fellow.’ 1884 D. Pae 68 ‘The fellow's drunk,’ ejaculated Randolph. II. A member of a company, college, or society, and related senses. society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [noun] > member c1300 St. Paul (Laud) l. 71 in C. Horstmann (1887) 191 Ake þo heo [sc. the Apostles] wusten hou it was, to felawe [heo] him [sc. St Paul] toke. 1481 W. Caxton tr. i. v. sig. b6v He recorded their resons heeryng alle the felawys. a1500 Robin Hood & Monk in F. J. Child (1888) III. v. 100 ‘I make the maister,’ seid Robyn Hode... ‘Nay..lat me be a felow,’ seid Litulle Johne. 1557 W. Baldwin & T. Palfreyman (new ed.) iii. x. f. 102v One vicious fellow, destroieth an whole companie. 1603 R. Knolles 524 In whose place they [sc. the souldiours] set vp one Turqueminius, a desperat fellow of their owne companie. 1642 (title) The speech of a warden to the fellowes of his company. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxii. 32 Sisters, Hesper a fellow of our bright company. 8. In academic contexts. society > education > member of university > [noun] > fellow society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [noun] > member > other types of member c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 192 Men wil vs foolis calle Bothe the [v.r. oure] wardeyn, and oure [v.rr. hise, othir] felawes alle. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 401 That the maister and the felawis kepe the statutis of the collegis. 1511–12 Act 3 Henry VIII c. 22 §5 in (1963) III. 44 Any..persone being fellowe or scoler of any of the said Colleges. 1598 F. Meres f. 284 Samuell Page sometimes fellowe of Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford. 1644 P. Hunton v. 41 In the Colledges, the Fellowes have an effectuall, and more then morall limiting Power. 1691 A. Wood I. 17 Thomas Lynacre..was chosen Fellow of Allsouls Coll. in 1484. a1704 T. Brown Table-talk in (1707) I. ii. 34 Nothing is so Imperious as a Fellow of a College upon his own Dunghil. 1764 B. Martin III. 293 This learned Divine was sent early to the University of Oxford, and was first admitted Commoner of Queen's College; but was soon removed to Merton College, where he was first Probationer, and afterwards Fellow. 1843 J. T. Coleridge Let. Sept. in A. P. Stanley (1844) I. i. 9 Twenty fellows and twenty scholars, with four exhibitioners, form the foundation [of Corpus]. 1886 S. S. Laurie xiii. 247 It was thus a college composed solely of ‘Fellows’. 1900 18 Aug. 4/4 Miss Jane Harrison, the newly-elected Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge, has a place apart among the learned women of England. 1936 19 Jan. 22/2 Mr. Rudyard Kipling was an Honorary Fellow of Magdalene College. 1971 275 A supplemental charter and new statutes were granted by which the Principal and Fellows [of St Hilda's College] became the Governing Body. 2015 M. S. Cecire et al. 12 What Pullman calls the ‘Retiring Room’ is known in Oxford colleges as the Senior Common Room, which is reserved for fellows and their guests. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > governing body > member(s) of 1584–5 Lady E. Neville in A. H. Smith et al. (1983) II. 284 His tutor..is on Chambers a felowe of Eton Coledge..and well lerned. 1617 J. Hales (title page) Iohn Hales, Fellow of Eton Colledge. 1655 T. Fuller x. 50 The Act made to enable the Provost, and Fellowes of Chelsey-Colledge, to dig a trench out of the river Lee..to convey, and carry water in close-pipes under ground, unto the City of London. 1750 H. Walpole (1846) II. 355 Another fellow of Eton has popped out a sermon against the Doctor since his death. 1837 Charter Univ. London in (1846) 24 The Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, and Fellows..shall constitute the Senate of the said University. 1893 6 June 6/1 Dr Edith Pechey-Phipson..a Fellow of the University of Bombay, and the first lady Fellow of any University. 1905 17 Apr. 8/6 At a recent meeting of the Fellows of Eton College,..Canon Edward Lyttelton was elected Headmaster of that famous public school. 1975 S. N. Pandey 116 The convocation was replaced by a smaller Senate which was..to include 8 ‘ex-officio’ Fellows. 2014 (Nexis) 10 July 18 But the petition from fellows of the Sydney University senate for an arcane convocation of academics and alumni jumps the gun. 2016 R. C. D. Otter 246 She was awarded the title of Fellow of the School of Graduate Studies in recognition of outstanding academic achievement. society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > postgraduate student 1715 T. Hearne (1901) V. 80 The two travelling Physitians, that are to be Dr. Radcliffe's Fellows of University College..are chosen. 1793 A. Highmore 17 Dr. Radcliffe, by will, 13th Sept. 1714, devised..to pay thereout yearly 600l. to two persons, to be chosen out of the university of Oxon,..and entered on the physic line, for their maintenance, &c. as travelling fellows. 1888 110 Every Fellow is required to spend at least eight months of each year of his tenure of the [Craven] Fellowship abroad. 1892 537 Scholars, Bursars, or Fellows must apply to the Convener of the Science Degrees Committee. 1921 537 Somerville College... Lady Carlisle Fellow. 1971 13 June 54/2 Twelve journalists were appointed Nieman Fellows at Harvard University. 2011 (Nexis) 3 Nov. 22 Mentors..could also help Fellows with..getting extensions or enhancements, seeking further fellowship support.., or changing direction or institute. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > member of Inns of Court 1454 W. Paston in (2004) I. 154 I wylde ȝe schull do wyll, be-cause ȝe are a felaw jn Grays In, wer I [t]o was a felaw. 1555 tr. in (new ed.) title page Here beginneth a..booke of Master John Perkins felowe of the inner Temple [L. interioris Templi socii]. c1600 (1875) I. 57 An atturney of the lawe and felowe of Graies Inne. 1666 W. Dugdale lxiv. 244/1 And in 1 Eliz. it was further ordered, that no Fellow of this House [sc. Lincolnes Inne] should wear any Beard of above a fortnights growth. 1691 A. Wood I. 147 About the same time he [sc. William Blandie]..became Fellow of the Middle Temple. 1771 tr. in IV. 220 John Conyers, of Walthamstowe, Esq...was educated at Queen's College, Oxford; a fellow of the Middle Temple [L. Medii Templi Londini socius], and king's counseller. 1800 S. Ireland viii. 105 The most remarkable circumstance relative to this Inn [sc. New Inn],..is the having had the credit of Sir Thomas More, as a student,..before he entered as a fellow of Lincoln's Inn. 1929 47 81 His eldest son, Thomas Collett, Fellow of the Middle Temple. 2000 32 167 A decision made by Lincoln's Inn in 1437 that no person born in Ireland should in future be admitted as a ‘fellow’ of the society. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] > learned association > member of 1603 E. Jorden sig. A2 (heading) To the right worshipfull the President and Fellowes of the Colledge of Phisitions in London. 1663 (title) A list of the fellows of the Royal Society. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1661 (1955) III. 266 I was now chosen..by Suffrage of the rest of the Members, a Fellow of the Philosophic Society. 1709 R. Steele No. 15. ⁋2 A Fellow of the Royal Society, who had writ upon Cold Baths. 1763 24 Fellows of the royal college having laid aside their gowns..for that ridiculous, and absurd uniform, an enormous wig; have put it in the power of every Scotch-degree purchaser to become in appearance, as good a physician as the sixteen years student from Oxford, or Cambridge. 1801 5 314 A Fellow, that is, any Member [of the Medical Society of London] who resides within seven miles of London. 1886 c. 48 §6 A fellow of a college of physicians. 1955 Aug. 66/1 Pirie, biochemist and Fellow of the Royal Society. 1997 (Special Issue) Fall 54/1 Dr. Pramod Karan Sethi, 70, an orthopedic surgeon, is a fellow of Britain's Royal College of Surgeons. 2012 23 Mar. c28/1 The curators of the Yale show..are both fellows of the Society of Antiquaries. III. A man, a male person, and related senses. 11. A man, a male person. In later use occasionally used to refer to a woman or a female person, esp. one possessing qualities imagined to be masculine. Cf. quots. 1841, 1876, and 1942 at sense 11a, and quot. 1928 at sense 11b.For uses of fellow as a marker or intensifier in Australian Aboriginal English see pfella n.the world > people > person > man > [noun] the world > people > person > woman > [noun] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. l. 7752 Therwhile he hath his fulle packe, Thei seie, ‘A good felawe is Jacke’; Bot whanne it faileth ate laste..thanne is ther non other lawe Bot, ‘Jacke was a good felawe’. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 4 Gaillard he was..Broun as a berye, a propre short felawe With lokkes blake ykembd ful fetisly. c1450 (1904) I. 2 (MED) He was war of a little blak felow like a man of Ynde. 1534 N. Udall f. 183 What a felowe arte thou? 1548 H. Latimer sig. C.iiv Moyses was a wonderful felowe, and did his duetye being a maryed man. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach ii. f. 105 Vitruuius an excellent fellowe in building. 1599 R. Bodenham in R. Hakluyt (new ed.) II. i. 101 The Master gunner..was a madde brayned fellow. 1604 C. Edmondes II. vii. xxvii. 104 A Centurion, named Tempanius, a fellow of great spirit. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 226 Thou hast fegin'd him a worthy Fellow . View more context for this quotation 1642 D. Rogers 108 Precise preachers and zealous fellowes. 1688 T. Shadwell Dram. Pers. sig. A4v A cowardly, impudent, blustring fellow..retreating into White-fryers for a very small debt. 1711 R. Steele No. 48. ⁋4 I am an old Fellow, and extremely troubled with the Gout. 1749 H. Fielding IV. xii. vii. 240 You don't know what a Devil of a Fellow he is. View more context for this quotation 1751 D. Hume viii. 163 A good-natur'd, sensible Fellow. 1768 L. Sterne II. 111 Then I shall let him see I know he is a dirty fellow. 1791 W. Combe VI. xix. 171 A most pleasant fellow of a clergyman. 1831 W. Scott 10 Jan. (1946) 135 A fine fellow, & what I call a Heart of gold. 1841 C. Dickens i. xxxvi. 298 Nay, he would sometimes reward her with a hearty slap on the back, and protest that she was a devilish good fellow. 1857 J. W. Carlyle Let. 15 Aug. in (1883) II. 330 He looked dreadfully weak still, poor fellow! 1876 A. Trollope II. xvii. 281 There was a feeling abroad that ‘Glencora’ was a ‘good sort of fellow’ and ought to be supported. 1888 4 Oct. 10/4 Some bad fellow who signs himself ‘Jack the Ripper’. 1910 H. H. Peerless Diary 12 July in (2003) 144 One is a young fellow dressed in black and a top hat. 1932 S. O'Faoláin 227 ‘Shut up, you,’ said the Tan angrily, and the little fellow piped down. 1942 P. H. Abrahams II. iii. 111 He's lucky and you're a fine fellow. You girls were right to call each other ‘fellow’. 1976 21 Nov. h1/3 A fellow of good sense whom I know has recently got a new house. 2012 N. Beauman (2013) iv. 177 We have a janitor called Slate. Odd fellow. Can't look you in the eye. the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > of or to a man 1577 J. Fit John sig. B.j Well ouer taken in the name of God my good fellow: Whether art thou now going thus al alone? 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara 45 Cortez said (my deare fellows) forwards, for god is with vs. 1615 Bp. J. Hall Farewell Serm. in 687 Certainely (my deare fellowes) we shall neuer complaine of the want of Maisters. ?1660 ‘Democritus Pseudomantis’ tr. F. Rabelais vi. 15 Austria, Hungary, Turkey, by my faith, my good fellowes, I know not how 'twill be with them. 1797 M. Robinson II. xli. 241 Well, my noble fellow! How are you? 1836 F. Marryat II. vi. 157 I'll tell you how it is, my dear fellow. 1883 R. Grant i. 4 Pshaw, my dear fellow! Compare her, for instance, with the girls one meets in New York. 1928 E. A. Robertson x. 185 ‘My darling fellow,’ started one [letter], ‘That's the only title I can find with which to pay homage to your male companionableness... You are the only woman I've ever known who will argue..on an abstract question.’ 1962 H. Miller 75 My dear fellow, have you any idea what an absurd sum five dollars is..even for an old letter? 2016 (Nexis) 20 Apr. If I arrive at a Peak District stile at the same time as a hiker heading the opposite way, it's always..‘No, my dear fellow, after you.’ 1707 G. Farquhar iii. 22 But do you think that I am so weak as to fall in Love with a Fellow at first sight? 1739 §218 Lord! how is it possible for a Woman to keep her Cabinet unpickt, when every Fellow has got a Key to it! 1792 J. Pearson 25 Duns, fellows who come after the Members..for money, or places for their relations. 1822 17 Aug. The [bowling] pins had lines attached to them by which the fellows employed in setting them up..could pull them down. 1860 G. Vandenhoff xii. 184 She pleased ‘the fellows’, however, and was the best walking-lady on the American stage. 1865 H. Kingsley I. xii. 121 The names of the fellows who got bailed up by young Hillyar. 1904 14 Feb. 1/4 The fellow that frequents a pub draws corks—the chap that drinks sherbert draws cheques. 1947 22 187 Quite a lot of the fellows had already had their ‘Dear Johns’. 1990 R. Baker ii. ix. 65 The fellow wearing horn rims is the A.C.L.U. man; the one with the wire rims is the Young Fogy. 2012 D. Quammen viii. 55 He had crossed the Republic of the Congo with a field crew of forest-tough Congo men..but those fellows had been disallowed entry at the Gabonese border. 1794 H. L. Piozzi I. 101 Let a fellow be as clever as he can. 1861 T. Hughes I. ix. 160 They don't deny themselves the pleasure of looking at a fellow as if he were a Turk. 1897 H. James viii. 95 But what's a fellow to do if she won't meet a fellow? 1930 W. Faulkner 65 Now and then a fellow gets to thinking. 1973 ‘M. Innes’ ii. 23 How, I repeat, is a fellow to come by a cathedral? 2006 (Nexis) 5 Mar. b2 A fellow ought to be able to get a plate of fresh local fish and a glass of wine..by the water's edge. 12. 1575 G. Turberville 101 When..you perceyue she beginnes to bee muche better fellowe..and that shee seemeth to beginne to bee reclaymed. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach i. f. 31 The Oate is not daungerous in the choyse of his grounde, but groweth lyke a good fellowe in euery place. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iii. f. 128* Whiche wyll make him [sc. a steere] in three dayes, as good a fellowe as you woulde wishe him to be. 1639 Lady Denton in (1853) 274 The childe was feloe good a nofe in my house. the world > animals > [noun] the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > thing or material object 1816 W. Scott II. vi. 144 [The red cock's] been roasting, puir fallow, in this dark hole. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in 2nd Ser. I. 55 This fellow (laying his hand on his purse)..was somewhat lank and low in condition. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ vii. 52 So I took the gun..and was hunting around for some birds, when I see a wild pig... I shot this fellow and took him into camp. 1921 29 Oct. 1/2 Shortly after we reached the home stretch I took the rails—and the lead—and rode the old fellow for all I was worth. 1991 19 ii. 6/2 We may also add a surgeonfish [to the exhibit]. This fellow's defensive weaponry is a lance-like spine on each side of its tail stock. 2001 Aug. 25/3 Key ring..£4.75. You are unlikely to lose your keys with this little fellow in your pocket. the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [noun] 1753 in (1897) 19 270 Run away..a Mulatto Fellow named Anthony... Whoever takes up said Fellow..shall have Three Pounds Reward. 1842 J. S. Buckingham II. i. 29 The men are usually called ‘boys’, whatever may be their age; and very often ‘fellows’. 1860 J. R. Bartlett (ed. 3) 144 Fellow or Black Fellow, a black man. Southern. society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolfellow 1844 A. P. Stanley I. 163 ‘He calls us fellows’, was the astonished expression of the boys when..they heard him speak of them by the familiar name in use amongst themselves. 1844 J. T. J. Hewlett I. xv. 286 One of our old fellows, as we used to call those who had left school. 1895 at Fellow Mod. After morning school some of our fellows went for a spin. the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > male lover 1878 14 Dec. 3/5 (advt.) If you are in want of a nice Christmas Present for your girl, fellow, father, mother, sister, brother,..or anybody else, go immediately to Plumb & Loomis' Gallery and have your portrait taken and framed up handsomely. 1885 2 Jan. 7/2 Miss Snepp, the school marm, at No. 1, eloped with her fellow last Thursday, and wasn't heard of any more until they were married. 1903 H. Hapgood iii. 59 I was Mamie's first ‘fellow’, and we had royal good times together. 1922 Nov. 339/2 ‘Only’, she says, ‘my fellow is so dumb it's just my luck that all the children would be like him.’ 2012 (Nexis) 18 Apr. My fellow was not much at talking when I met him 11 years ago. Phrases P1. society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > position of commander in an order > of Order of the Garter c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) 46 (MED) The full noble knight, a felow of the Garter, ser Johan Chaundos. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel 397 Chosen to be Fellowe of the order of the Garter. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 624 His Sonne Roger..recovered the title of Earle of March and was chosen a fellow of the order of the Garter. 1721 in R. F. Gould (1913) 109 Being examined was duely past from the Square to the Compass, and from an entered prentice to a Fellow of Craft. 1723 I. 224/2 In the 3d year of Henry VI. an act passed to abolish the society of Masons... Yet this act was afterwards [virtually] repealed; and even before that, King Henry and several lords of his court become fellows of the Craft. 1865 Apr. 287/1 The Apprentice of olden times..after having ‘truly served his Master’ was admitted (initiated) into the company, guild or fraternity, and became a Fellow of the Craft. 1911 T. Carr v This stone has to be prepared by the candidate and passed by the Inspector of Material before the Free Brother can be passed as a Fellow of the Craft. 1998 (Nexis) 21 Feb. (Home section) 5 The hierarchy of freemasons is divided into 33 degrees including apprentice, fellow of the craft and master mason. 2011 R. Lomas xiv. 257 His duty is to challenge each Fellow of the Craft, demanding the pass grip and pass word of his degree and so proving him worthy to receive his wages. 1546 J. Heywood ii. v. sig. Hiv That wer..as of my truth to make preefe, To axe my fellow, whether I be a theefe. a1593 C. Marlowe (1604) sig. B Aske my fellow if I be a thiefe. 1610 A. Cooke 38 The prouerb, Aske my fellow if I be a theefe. 1678 J. Bunyan 201 Chr. Who told thee that thy heart and life agrees together? Ignor. My heart tells me so. Chr. Ask my Fellow if I be a Thief! 1757 S. Foote ii. sig. F3 Ay, ask my Fellow, if I be a Thief. 1776 J. Wesley 6 If..the cause came to be tried by a Boston jury, what would follow? It was no more than ‘ask your fellow, whether you are a thief’. 1849 28 Nov. 4/3 ‘Ask my fellow if I be a thief’ is a very old voucher on such occasions. 1873 25 Oct. 1/6 Nor will any one do this who remembers the old maxim, ‘Ask my fellow if I am a thief’. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > be friendly [verb (intransitive)] > be good friends > be on terms of free and easy companionship society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > close the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > be friendly [verb] > be personally acquainted or on familiar terms society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaker > [noun] > habitual 1730 S. Prichard (ed. 2) 11 A Just and Worshipful Lodge of Brothers and Fellows well met. 1858 T. P. Thompson I. xxxvi. 137 The High Church Tory..offers..to be fellow well met with any of them. 1885 W. J. Fitzpatrick I. 308 The best fellow-well-met in the world. 1929 24 Dec. 3/2 Terrence was known to all the countryside as a fellow well met. At the taverns he was full of fun and ready wit. 1977 F. Brockway xi. 90 He was fellow-well-met, joining his admiring followers at a café at night, paying for their drinks. Compounds C1. Appositive, passing into adj. Equivalent to even adj.1 and n.2 Compounds 2a, co- prefix 5. Cf. joint adj. 2a. Forming a virtually unlimited number of compounds. A selection of some of the more common or interesting examples is presented here in several semantic divisions, among which there is some degree of overlap.Such compounds are usually formed with a hyphen or as two words, although in early use single word forms also occur. From the 20th cent. formation as two words is more common.society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > fellow-prisoner 1439–41 in J. A. Kingdon (1886) II. 257 John Lurchun and his Felaw executowris of Robert Chichele. 1442 in J. Graves (1877) 273 (MED) I and my felowe messageres for the said londe. 1526 Philemon f. cclxxxvi Epaphras my felowe presoner [Gk. συναιχμάλωτός] in Christe Iesu. 1535 Acts xix. C The feloweworkmen of the same occupacion. a1569 A. Kingsmill Conf. containing Conflict with Satan sig. Ciiii, in (1577) Hee is a prysoner and felowe captiue with Paul. 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Comensal A fellow guest. 1624 J. Ussher 35 The word of God..was both by themselves, and others of their fellow-labourers, delivered by word of mouth. 1670 190 Interceding with him for..our Fellow-Communicants. 1680 J. Dryden ii. i. 23 This is Mr. Woodall, your new fellow-Lodger. 1687 J. Dryden i. 31 Her friend and fellow-suff'rer in the plot. 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury ii. ii. 71 I..being so violently decry'd by my two Fellow Guests. 1725 D. Defoe i. 66 He thought his two fellow Prisoners might be trusted. 1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes I. iv. xv. 330 His fellow-lodgers were persons of rank. 1763 H. Walpole III. iii. 99 He..bequeathed most of what he had to his fellow-sufferers. 1821 Ld. Byron lxxx. 111 He saw some fellow captives. 1849 T. B. Macaulay I. 534 He..found among his fellow emigrants men ready to listen to his evil counsels. 1871 J. L. Motley Let. 29 Aug. in (1889) II. x. 325 He is a fellow-boarder with your son. 1879 W. D. Howells vi. 56 One never can know what one's fellow passengers are going to be. 1886 T. Hopkins xii He did not grudge a holiday to his fellow-clerks. 1936 Oct. 321/2 All the members of this pact wore a black pin as a sign to fellow-conspirators. 1968 30 402 Northern and southern women now have almost equal chances of marrying a fellow student. 2015 (Nexis) 1 Sept. 6 There were a number of issues that you and your fellow prisoners were aggrieved about. a1475 in A. Clark (1906) ii. 637 (MED) Iohn of lee & his felowis Iustices. 1528 W. Tyndale f. cxlviijv The Pope calengeth auctorite over his fellow Bisshopes. 1565 J. Jewel tr. in iv. 236 The true Councelles whiche we haue receiued from our Holy Felowbishop Cyrillus of Alexandria. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. ii. 345 Euerie one fault seeming monstrous, til his fellow-fault came to match it. View more context for this quotation 1630 F. Quarles Alphabet of Elegies vii, in 378 It sigh'd..To be..enthron'd Among his fellow Angells. 1642 J. Milton 20 To proclame a Crusada against his fellow Christian. 1684 T. Burnet ii. 194 The earth with the rest of its fellow-planets. 1707 I. Watts ii. xlvi. 120 Worms were never rais'd so high Above their meanest Fellow-worm. 1732 G. Berkeley II. vi. xvi. 61 Man..is himself a fellow-sinner with them. 1739 H. Purefoy Let. 5 Aug. in G. Eland (1931) I. v. 116 I have lost one of my shirt Buttons and have sent you the other in a little box... I desire you will make mee a fellow button to it, the last you made was not so exactly sized as it might be. 1810 J. Conder Reverie in J. Conder et al. 9* Can I trust a fellow-being? 1853 W. S. Landor 131 A fellow Christian..enjoying a secret pleasure in saying unpleasant things. 1862 W. F. Hook II. ii. 111 We have to labour among our fellow-sinners. 1864 J. H. Burton I. iii. 149 A fat philosopher..totally innocent of the death of a fellow-being. 1923 G. Garrett vi. 38 As a fellow human being she was a riddle. 1933 F. D. Roosevelt Inaug. Addr. 1 in (73rd Congr., Special Sess.: Senate Doc. 1) IX My fellow Americans expect that..I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our Nation impels. 1989 (Nexis) 30 Dec. e2 There's nothing more healthy than discussions with fellow Christians who have the same truths with different perspectives. 2009 H. Kubernik x. 162/1 And there she was, a fellow musician and a great beauty. 1526 Coloss. iv. f. cclxvii Tichicos.., which is a..felowe servaunt [Gk. σύνδουλος] in the lorde. 1611 John xi. 16 Then said Thomas..vnto his fellowe disciples [Gk. τοῖς συμμαθηταῖς], Let us also go. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iv. 103 Sweet Lady, entertaine him To be my fellow-seruant to your Ladiship. a1649 W. Drummond Irene in (1711) 164 To..wander amongst..his slaughter'd Acquaintances and Fellow-Burgesses. 1667 J. Milton viii. 225 Nor less think wee in Heav'n of thee on Earth Then of our fellow servant. View more context for this quotation 1713 R. Steele No. 1. 9 He treats us Senators like his Fellow-Servants. 1782 J. Galloway 110 If that inferior order..can neither protect itself, nor unite..with its fellow-members, in the general protection; it certainly is erroneously constituted. 1797 13 If any be common quarrellers with others, though not fellow members, they likewise shall be excluded this society. 1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies xxxii, in I. 245 The atrocious murders of their fellow burghers. 1852 H. Rogers 17 [He] has almost battered out the brains of a fellow-disciple. 1867 O. W. Holmes xiii. 155 His descriptions of the future which was in store for the great bulk of his..fellow-worldsmen. 1935 25 Apr. 10/6 He made his tour of the city on foot, taking as an escort several of his fellow-islanders. 1991 Feb. 98/1 He returned my grin and greeted me like I was a fellow townsman. 2008 5 May 78/3 Pearl has been enlisted..to spy on her fellow-employees. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [adjective] 1550 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller xxi. f. liiij Felowe companyons in trouble and aduersyte. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ii. 17 I would bee glad to receiue some instruction from my fellow partner. View more context for this quotation a1649 W. Drummond (1655) 89 He had only for his fellow-companions Astrologers and Sooth-sayers. 1706 G. Keith 3 I wrote to the Society, praying them, to allow of him [sc. John Talbot] to be my Fellow-Companion and Associate in Travels. 1747 L. Sterne 7 She look'd upon Him as a Fellow-partner. 1840 F. W. Taylor II. viii. 318 See it, American citizens! your fellow compatriots..marked out as objects of insult and massacre for a French crew. 1984 R. D. Rothenberg & S. J. Blumenkrantz xiv. 347 A spouse is charged with the responsibility to behave toward a fellow spouse in a manner consistent with that second individual's needs and desires. 2008 (Nexis) 20 June 3 Mr Gooch and his 13 fellow partners in an investment vehicle, Jersey Partners. C2. Adverbial (where the second element is a verbal noun or participle) and appositive (where the second element is an agent noun) in compounds originating in the 16th and 17th cent. [modelled on similar Latin compounds in co- , com- , con- (see co- prefix, com- prefix, con- prefix)] . See also fellow-feeling n.With appositive compounds of this kind, cf. Compounds 1a.the world > space > distance > nearness > [adjective] > neighbouring a1628 F. Greville (1651) ii. 28 [This Emperor]..got credit with his fellow-bordering Princes. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > ally ?1531 G. Joye sig. C It lyeth not in man..to put awaye frome his harte the natural love and desyer to the tother kinde whom God created to be his felawe helper vnto this naturall effecte [sc. the procreation of children]. 1535 1 Esdras vii. 1 The other landlordes with their companyons..were felow helpers with the olde rulers of the Iewes. 1611 2 Cor. viii. 23 He is my partner and fellow helper. 1740 G. Jones i. 6 To become Fellow-helpers, and labour together with Christ. 1872 Mrs E. Millett 203 The kangaroo is one of the supporters of the arms of Australia, his fellow-helper..being an emu. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > inspiration or revelation > [adjective] > with like gift 1685 H. More 342 This Angel and John..were fellow-inspired Souls..both endued with the Spirit of Prophecy. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [noun] > knowledge of secrets > one who has knowledge 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont xvi. 88 Not that I am a conscious or a fellow-knower [L. conscius] of, or a searcher into divine Counsel. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adjective] > entrusted with secrets 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont 88 The same God might be a conscious or fellow-knowing revenger [L. conscium vindicem]..of our sin. the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adjective] > coupled or yoked together 1620 T. Middleton & W. Rowley sig. Ev Ile not be fellow-yoak't with death. 1901 4 July 2 The companionship of the most charming fellow-yoked man or fellow-yoked woman could not compensate them [sc. some independent souls]. C3. society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > a brotherhood > member of 1534 tr. iii. f. 61 For euery byshop of the dioces of Canterbury that departeth, the resydue of hys felow brethern lyuyng shall syng solempne seruyce for the ded. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. Rev. xxii. f. xxxviiiv Our sauiour Christ nameth himselfe a felow brother of his disciples. 1656 R. Sanderson 165 We ought..so to behave our selves in the house of God..as becometh fellow-brethren that are descended from the same Father. 1761 Feb. 68/2 If many of my fellow brethren have lost more than I, they have hardly lost their whole support and livelihood, as I have. 1848 W. Scott Addr. 25 May in E. D. Mansfield (1852) xxviii. 498 I return among you to bear testimony in favor of my fellow-brothers in the field, the army of Mexico. 1998 20 Mar. (Friday Review section) 17/5 If there was a full, monastic community..any singer puzzled by what the notes meant could ask a fellow brother. 2016 (Nexis) 29 Mar. a7 No words can describe the pain my fellow brothers felt for the barbaric, heinous and inhumane events in Brussels. society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > fellow-student 1630 W. Prynne 10 My love and mildnesse towards you.., in regard wee were once fellow-collegians. 1791 J. Boswell anno 1729 I. 33 I do not find that he formed any close intimacies with his fellow-collegians. 1874 Apr. 467 The Catholic [at Oxford]..is shunned by far the larger part of his more pious fellow-collegians. a1935 A. L. Attwater (1936) iii. 53 His fellow-collegian, Samuel Harsnett, then chaplain to the Bishop of London. 2015 Knox Student (Knox College, Illinois) 18 Dec. in (Nexis) 1 The students were greeted by a chanting mass of fellow collegians under a tent in a parking lot just a block from the capitol. society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > fellow-student 1616 R. Sheldon xvi. 323 Neither Edmund nor Iohn conuersing amongest their fellow Collegiates, were euer reputed to be of any note of Sanctity. 1770 R. Lowth Let. 23 Feb. in T. Warton (1995) II. 272 As a man of letters, your contemporary, your fellow-collegiate,..you could not find a better subject. 1836 H. Rogers vi. 224 He had been an intimate friend and fellow-collegiate of Howe's. 1909 W. B. Maxwell xxxix. 371 She gave him what he might have looked for in the past from a fellow collegiate or a brother officer. 2010 (Nexis) 23 Dec. (Sports News section) Lisa Falvey partnered by Siobhan Tully,..representing NUIG, went down to fellow collegiates, Leona Doolin and Nicola Kelly,..in the..doubles final. 1847 23 Apr. i. 4/1 The Catholic Institute met yesterday and adopted a resolution..calling upon their fellow-communionists to repudiate ‘this insulting exception’. 1880 S. R. Pattison ii. vi. 149 Mr. Wiffen's friend and fellow-communionist, Mr. Frederic Seebohm. 1971 I. Shahîd iii. 169 His work on doctrinal matters..agitated the minds of Christians in the sixth century, particularly those of his fellow-communionists. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman > fellow-craftsman 1595 A. Copley 72 We fellow-craftsmen vse not to take money of one another. 1649 No. 1. 6 The fellow craftsmen of Demetrius the silversmith for Diana at Ephesus. 1775 14 Apr. O, my fellow craftsmen,..the abilities of a Chatham [sc. William Pitt, first earl of Chatham] cannot keep out the water of corruption; every peg he puts in is immediately pulled out by that foe to cobling, [Lord] North. 1856 R. A. Vaughan II. viii. vi. 56 The..youth shrank from the..riotous companionship of his fellow-craftsmen. 1942 Apr. 682/1 We ask your kind remembrance of our departed fellow craftsmen. 2012 16 Nov. c33/2 He dissects other authors' work with a fellow craftsman's sympathy. a1631 J. Donne (1640) xi. 106 Thy Colleague, thy fellow-man. 1756 B. Franklin Let. 6 June in (1887) II. 460 These kindnesses from men I can..only return on their fellow-men. 1813 Ld. Byron (ed. 4) 14 On desart sands 'twere joy to scan The rudest steps of fellow man. 1938 9 Apr. 345/1 A man's ability to get along with his fellow-men. 2006 (Nexis) 13 Oct. 10 Someone who gave all his worldly goods for the benefit of his fellow man. the world > people > nations > compatriots > [noun] > compatriot 1549 H. Latimer 5th Serm. sig. Qviii I aduertyse the therfore my felow subiecte, vse thy tong better, and expounde well the doynges of the magistrates. 1648 E. Symmons (new ed.) 40 His poor people..are most mercilesly butchered..by their fellow-subjects. 1711 J. Addison No. 125. ¶8 We should not..regard our Fellow-Subjects as Whigs or Tories. 1852 G. Bancroft II. xi. 281 That [petition] from Rhode Island..claimed..equal rights with their fellow-subjects in Great Britain. 1938 24 July 14/3 Thirty years ago,..he [sc. Hitler] and the Sudeten were fellow-subjects of the old Austrian Empire. 2011 (Nexis) 19 Feb. 25 Most of her fellow subjects are as fed up with the religious police and their bullying ways as she is. society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > fellow-worker 1534 To Rdr. sig. **.ii Paul also testifieth, both yt he was Barnabas sisters sonne and also his felowe worker in the kyngedome of God. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Introd. 7 Fellow-workers with God in the laboratories of salvation. 1833 26 Feb. I thought myself a fellow worker here, with so many who seemed with me to think, that the adjustment of this tariff was the one thing needful. 1849 27 Oct. 3/5 Sympathy should be shown, not in idly mourning over the sorrows common to all ranks, but by calling on all our fellow workers to show increased industrial activity. 1951 R. Firth i. 23 According to his fears or his politics, he may interpret this as a symbol of anger or of solidarity among fellow-workers. 1961 Philemon 1 From Paul..to Philemon our dear friend and fellow-worker. 2017 (Nexis) 6 Feb. a6 Unions in this province need to stand up and help our fellow workers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). fellowv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fellow n. Etymology: < fellow n.A sense ‘to be a partner or sharer in’ is given in N.E.D. (1895) on the basis of the following quotation, but this is evidently a misprint, as all other editions of the work read follow:1647 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre (ed. 3) i. vi. 8 The conquered fellow for the most part the religion of the conquerours. †1. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (transitive)] 1340 (1866) 101 Þou him uelaȝest mid þe huanne þou zayst: ‘yef ous’ and ne zayst naȝt ‘yef me’. a1400 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Royal) in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 56 (MED) Be fest to god..be felowid to god. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) v. §11. 20 Wham swa thai may felaghe with thaim. 1530 (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 146 That..they may..deserue to be felowed to thy chosen. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso iv. 185 Blush of scorne fellowd with that of shame. 1621 T. Granger (ix. 9) 234 If he be fellowed with a wicked woman, then he is euen no man, and wearie of life. society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate for common purpose [verb (reflexive)] c1425 (c1400) l. 3485 (MED) But ffelawe the with wordes mylde With Achilles. c1430 N. Love (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 274 He ioyneth and feloweth [a1450 Yale felaweth] hym to hem homely. a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Lamb.) (1887) l. 5809 He felawed hym wyþ þe Peytes. 1583 i. xi. 12 A man..is..desirous to fellow him selfe to another and so to liue in couple. 1712 H. Curzon I. 41 Many by Nature rather desires to fellow himself with one, than many. a1632 T. Dekker (1636) sig. F.4 'Twas for his sakeI would have lien with you, wo'd it were as lawfull to fellow nights with him. 1842 Oct. 654/2 And leave the warm sun and the day To fellow with the dark, cold clay. 1914 T. Hardy 32 Shadows of beings who fellowed with myself of earlier days. the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany or attend [verb (transitive)] R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle 119 So þat it be not greuus to an (vn)profetabyll seruand to felo his lorde. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 144 Affection..With what's vnreall: thou coactiue art, And fellow'st nothing. View more context for this quotation a1618 J. Sylvester tr. Little Bartas in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (1621) 774 All Delights of Earth have ever been Fellow'd or follow'd, by som tragick Teen. 1628 J. Fletcher 57 Some few there were left all to follow Him: Esteeming all too base to fellow Him. 1908 L. Abercrombie 59 We lay down with Evil, and fellowed him at meals. 3. the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 167 Lat no nettill vyle..Hir fallow to the gudly flour delyce. 1530 (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 251 O moder of lyfe, whiche by thyne obedience ys mekely felowed vnto vs. 1593 A. Chute 13 Whose bewtie then, when in her Aprill grace, It stood vnequal'd, fellowed with none. 1632 P. Fletcher i. 11 Such as with a faithfull, and serious mind exercise themselues in the Psalmes, are in a manner fellowed with the Angels of God. 1648 Bp. J. Hall 295 Who..called every Woolf his brother..fellowing himself with every thing that had life. 1861 W. C. Bennett 163 Shall Rome not live again? Shall she not know Days fit to fellow with her mighty Past? 1884 W. H. Ward in 27 820 It is this quality..which fellows him..with Milton. the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > be equal to or match society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (transitive)] > participate with > participate in 1596 A. Munday tr. sig. Mm4v A Knight, compleat in all perfections: nor can hee be fellowed by anie one. 1656 P. Heylyn 74 It will be a palace..not fellowed in Europe. 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli Hist. Florence viii, in tr. N. Machiavelli 174 A rare and incomparable example, not to be fellowed in all the visible, or immaginary Commonwealths of the Philosophers. 1701 C. Cibber iii. 30 It's impossible to fellow it, but in Paris. 1774 J. Cox iii. 18 They are as incomparably fellowed, as if cut from one divided stone. 1842 Lady Morgan Let. 12 Apr. in (1862) II. xxx. 469 I have at this moment, perfuming my rooms, twelve hyacinths..fellow me that in your garden! a1882 J. Thomson (1884) 95 In my old common world, well fenced about With myriad lives that fellowed well my own, Terror and deadly anguish found me out. 1959 B. Deutsch 23 Where, on a street gone dark, Lit windows Hole the night, Their [sc. oranges'] cosy gold is fellowed. the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > pair > arrange in pairs [verb (transitive)] 1654 [implied in: R. Whitlock 115 He can teach..whether the Kidneyes be fellowed or single, and how many Hearts most Men have. (at fellowed adj. at Derivatives)]. 1660 G. Havers tr. M. de Scudéry IV. i. 79 One [ball]..was markt with a particular letter: for the number of Combatants being odd, it could not be fellow'd. 1674 S. Fell 12 Oct. (1920) 139 By mo pd for an odd steer a Redd one for vs at Marsh, to fellow one wee have. 1751 R. Paltock II. xvii. 211 I here found..so many Shoes, as when I had fellowed them, served me as long as I stayed. the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > in a specific way 1665 J. Crowne ii. 168 Prethee fellow (said Troilus)... What dost thou mean fellow? said the Shepherd; Fellow me, no, fellows. 1717 J. Gay iii. 71 Fellow me no Fellows. My Name is Jack Capstone of Deptford. 1752 H. Fielding III. viii. vi. 161 Don't Fellow me. 1758 C. Lennox I. i. i. 2 ‘Fellow me! no fellows,’ said the coachman, in a surly tone. 1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. ix. 108 ‘I dare say—my good fellow.’ ‘Fellow me not—I won't be fellowed now.’ 1856 H. J. Conway i. ii. 21 Tom. Stand out of my way, fellow... Cipher. Fellow, yourself. How do you like it?.. You fellowed me, and I fellowed you. 1918 J. Farnol (1920) xi. 201 ‘Ha—enough!’ quoth Sir Pertinax, chin out-thrust. ‘“Fellow” me no more, Friar.’ 1977 F. Selwyn viii. 150 ‘And 'oo might you be, fellow?’ he inquired... ‘You “fellow” me and you'll have something to answer for,’ said Verity calmly. Derivatives the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > pair > [adjective] 1654 R. Whitlock 115 He can teach..whether the Kidneyes be fellowed or single, and how many Hearts most Men have. 1698 T. Molyneux in (Royal Soc.) 20 216 Naturally fellow'd in Pairs. 1795 E. Fenwick III. iii. 35 One hour heavily creeps after its fellowed hour. 1906 C. M. Doughty IV. xvi. 187 And when, in field, ye, with the foemen, meet, Stand with pressed shield to shield, and fellowed feet, To feet, a strong pale-wall of valorous breasts, In stedfast ranks. 1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid f. 78v Whither thou Shalt giue in charge, to thee I will repayre As fellowing Mate. 1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in (1899) 6 Easing thy Labor with felowing of thi paine. 1654 R. Whitlock 329 He reckoneth that Patience of Aemilia, Wife of Africanus Senior, above fellowing, by any either Sex. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.OE v.1340 |