| 释义 |
felloen. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch velge , velghe , vellige (Dutch velg ), Old Saxon felga , velga (Middle Low German velge , (rare) valge ), Old High German felga (Middle High German velge , German Felge ), further etymology uncertain and disputed; perhaps < the same Germanic base as Old High German felahan to put together (see feal v.; perhaps compare also fallow n.1).Headword forms. N.E.D. (1895) enters this under the double headword felloe , felly , and gives the pronunciation (fe·li) /ˈfɛlɪ/ for the latter form; it comments that both felloe and felly are common in British usage, whereas U.S. usage prefers felly . Current U.S. dictionaries differ in their choice of preferred form. Form history. In Old English usually a strong feminine (felg ); a weak feminine (felge ) is apparently also attested (compare Old High German). The word frequently occurs in the plural, occasionally making some early forms difficult to interpret. The precise details of the early phonological development are uncertain and disputed. It is possible that, both in Old English and in the other West Germanic languages, two ablaut grades of the base are represented: e -grade and o -grade. Old English felg- is usually interpreted as showing a reflex of the o -grade (West Germanic a ), with subsequent i-mutation, whereas Old High German felga is usually interpreted as showing a reflex of the e -grade. The form types in English reflect different phonological developments of the stem-final consonant in Old English, although in Old English these are not reflected in the spelling (see discussion at G n. and for a similar range of form types compare e.g. dwarf n.). The Middle English α. forms chiefly reflect an unvoiced velar fricative /x/, which originally developed word-finally. The β. forms continue the palatalized form of the voiced fricative ( /j/), which developed into a vowel ( /ɪ/). The γ. forms continue the velar form of the voiced fricative ( /ɣ/), which developed into a semivowel ( /w/), often with a preceding epenthetic vowel (as in felowe at γ. forms). The δ. forms show further developments of the voiceless velar fricative seen in the α. forms. Beside the more usual sound substitution with -f , occasionally -k also appears. The ε. forms show reduction of the final vowel. The early Old English form felei at α. forms is attested in a glossary copied by a continental scribe (Karlsruhe Aug. 135 (54), 10th cent.) and may alternatively represent a form of Old High German felga. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > rim society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rim α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Otho) (2009) I. xxix. 521 Ælces span [read spacan] bið oðer ende fæst on ðære nafe, oðer on þære felge. OE (2011) 46 Rota, hweol. Cantus, felga. Modiolus, naueþe. 1310 in D. Yaxley (2003) 34 iij spokes & vj felghes. 1382 in D. Yaxley (2003) 91 Gongs de Felghes [sold with] gonge de spoks. c1440 (?a1400) l. 3308 (MED) He fongede faste on þe feleyghes. c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler (1875) 374 x gang de felghes. 1588 in (1987) 6 One gang & 11 odd felighes. 3 oxe yokes & 2 bowes. Compounds1652 W. Blith xxv. 167 Good for felly timber also. 1837 W. B. Adams 87 A circular piece of timber..on the fore part of the futchells..is called the Felloe Piece. 1844 W. Barnes Gloss. Guides of a waggon, felly-pieces or arcs of circles fastened on the fore axle as a bearing for the bed of the waggon when it locks. 1875 J. Lukin 113 He will rough out these at his own saw pit with the usual felloe saw. 1875 E. H. Knight II. 832/1 Felly-auger, a hollow auger for fashioning the round tenon on the end of a spoke. 1902 Sept. 241/1 This hole will have to be rebored, but the felloe plate will cover up the old hole. 1917 Mileage Freight Rates 35 in iii Felloe Timber, in the rough. 1923 G. Sturt ix. 44 The felloe-blocks from the saw-pit required roughly shaping while still green. 2002 June 14/2 At the felloe end they are through-mortised and securely wedged from the outer face. C2. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rim > box enclosing ends of 1868 363 B. W. Conway, Port Huron, 1 spoke and felloe coupling. 1875 E. H. Knight II. 832/2 Felly-coupling, a box for enclosing the adjacent ends of fellies in the rim of a wheel. 1887 29 Sept. U. S. patents issued to Pacific Coast inventors..:..James F. McConnell, Chico, Cal., felly coupling. 1875 E. H. Knight II. 832/2 Felly-dresser, a machine for dressing the edges of fellies. 1908 15 Jan. 255/2 The wood shop tools are circular and band saws, planer, mortiser and felloe-dresser and spoke tanger, all worked by power. Derivatives 1774 No. 11433. The superior Strength and Lightness of the new-invented bent-felloed Wheels. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in I. xx. 548 With blood From the horse-hoofs and from the fellied wheels His chariot redden'd. 1793 21 517 Oil-boxes, and hoop-fellied wheels are great improvements. 1864 O. Judd (ed. 5) 23/1 I had two tons of stones loaded upon a wide-felloed cart, and driven over the piece until it was thoroughly packed down. 1884 Aug. Suppl. 35/2 Fitted on sound, well-made felloed wood wheels. 1924 May 40/1 What are you going to do with wire wheels and disks and steel-felloed wheels? 2006 59 590 On bending a metal tire for a modern (late nineteenth, early twentieth century) spoked, segment-felloed wheel, see Sturt 1993. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE |
/ˈfɛli/, U.S.