fermentationn.

Brit.

/ˌfəːmɛnˈteɪʃn/,

/ˌfəːm(ə)nˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌfərmənˈteɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin fermentātiōn-em, noun of action < fermentāre to ferment v.

The action or process of fermenting.

1. A process of the nature of that resulting from the operation of leaven on dough or on saccharine liquids.The features superficially recognizable in the process in these instances are an effervescence or internal commotion, with evolution of heat, in the substance operated on, and a resulting alteration of its properties. Before the rise of modern chemistry, the term was applied to all chemical changes exhibiting these characters; in Alchemy, it was the name of an internal change supposed to be produced in metals by a ‘ferment’, operating after the manner of leaven. In modern science the name is restricted to a definite class of chemical changes peculiar to organic compounds, and produced in them by the stimulus of a ‘ferment’ (see ferment n. 1); the various kinds of fermentation are distinguished by qualifying adjectives, as acetous, alcoholic, butyric, lactic, putrefactive, etc. (see those words). In popular language the term is no longer applied to other kinds of change than those which it denotes in scientific use, but it usually conveys the notion of a sensible effervescence or ‘working’, which is not involved in the chemical sense.

a. in applications covered by the modern scientific sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > fermentation

fermentation1601

ferment1605

yeastinga1821

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. vii. 170 Some used to put thereunto [the juice out of mulberries] myrrhe and cypresse, setting all to frie and take their fermentation in the sun.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 26 Made by hindring and keeping the must from fermentation or working.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 8 The second is the inflammable Spirit of Vegetable, and what is procured by the help of Fermentation.

1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening xiii. 234 The dung of animals..is put together for fermentation.

1836 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion i. v. 104 Others..contended, that chymification results from simple fermentation of the alimentary mass.

1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 3 These cells are capable of producing fermentation in certain liquids.

†b. in Alchemy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > miscellaneous other processes

englutingc1386

fermentationc1386

conjunctionc1400

cibation1471

separation1471

wheel1471

putrefactiona1550

termination1584

martyrization1612

restinction1617

illinition1678

immersion1683

interfection1727

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 264 Oure cementynge and fermentacioun.

1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy ix, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 173 Trew Fermentacyon few Workers do understond.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 33 Fermentacione ys a peculier terme of Alchymye.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B3 Because o' your Fermentation, and Cibation?

†c. in various other vague applications. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > [noun]

wendingeOE

changing?c1225

stirringa1240

wrixlinga1240

changec1325

variancec1340

transmutationc1380

varyingc1380

whileness1382

translationc1384

alterationa1398

mutationa1398

removinga1425

revolutiona1425

shiftingc1440

changementc1450

muance1480

commutation1509

altry1527

transition1545

turning1548

novation1549

immutation?c1550

alterance1559

alienation1562

turn?1567

vicissitude1603

refraction1614

fermentationa1661

diabasis1672

parallax1677

motion1678

aliation1775

transience1946

the world > matter > gas > gas or air in liquid or effervescence > [noun]

boilingc1384

fervence14..

bubblinga1500

burbling1528

bullitiona1626

ebullition1646

fermentationa1661

intumescence1661

effervescence1685

struggle1741

struggling1764

bubblement1842

bubble1870

creaming1888

hotter1923

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun]

winOE

torpelness?c1225

disturbance1297

workc1325

disturblingc1330

farec1330

frapec1330

disturbing1340

troublingc1340

blunderc1375

unresta1382

hurling1387

perturbationc1400

turbationc1400

rumblec1405

roara1413

rumourc1425

sturblance1435

troublec1435

stroublance1439

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

ruffling1440

stourc1440

rumblingc1450

sturbancec1450

unquietness?c1450

conturbationc1470

ruption1483

stir1487

wanrufe?a1505

rangat?a1513

business1514

turmoil1526

blommera1529

blunderinga1529

disturbation1529

bruyllie1535

garboil1543

bruslery1546

agitation1547

frayment1549

turmoiling1550

whirl1552

confusion1555

troublesomeness1561

rule1567

rummage1575

rabble1579

tumult1580

hurlement1585

rabblement1590

disturb1595

welter1596

coil1599

hurly1600

hurry1600

commotion1616

remotion1622

obturbation1623

stirrance1623

tumultuation1631

commoving1647

roiling1647

spudder1650

suffle1650

dissettlement1654

perturbancy1654

fermentationa1661

dissettledness1664

ferment1672

roil1690

hurry-scurry1753

vortex1761

rumpus1768

widdle1789

gilravagea1796

potheration1797

moil1824

festerment1833

burly1835

fidge1886

static1923

comess1944

frammis1946

bassa-bassa1956

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > fermentation > in various other vague applications

fermentationa1661

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Somerset 21 Others impute the heat..to the fermentation of several minerals.

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. i. 19 The general Cause of the growth of a..Seed, is Fermentation.

1678 State Trials, Earl of Pembroke (1810) 1341 Claret, and..small-beer..set the blood upon a fermentation.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 67 An acid Salt mingles it self with an Alkali: from which Mixture results a Fermentation, and very sensible Heat.

1728 J. Thomson Spring 28 The torpid Sap..in fluent Dance And lively Fermentation, mounting.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 69 As soon as our continents were thus delivered from the waters, the fermentations..ceased.

†d. Iron-smelting: see quot. 1791. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > smelting > part of process

fermentation1791

sintering1873

self-fluxing1880

1791 T. Beddoes in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 174 The hottest part of the mass begins to heave and swell..The workman calls this appearance fermentation.

2. figurative. The state of being excited by emotion or passion; agitation, excitement, working. Sometimes (with more complete metaphor): A state of agitation tending to bring about a purer, more wholesome, or more stable condition of things.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > [noun]

excitation1393

motiona1398

concitation1534

erectiona1586

fermentationc1660

effervescence1744

effervescency1767

intumescence1775

electricity1796

electrization1798

sensation1807

electrification1835

bubblement1842

excitement1846

suscitation1870

exuberation1889

splash1899

rousedness1915

adrenaline1928

drama1930

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun]

fever1340

motiona1398

quotidian?a1439

rufflea1535

commotion1581

fret1582

hurry1600

puddering1603

tumultuousnessa1617

trepidation1625

feverishness1638

boilingc1660

fermentationc1660

tumult1663

ferment1672

stickle1681

fuss1705

whirl1707

flurry1710

sweat1715

fluster1728

pucker1740

flutter1741

flustration1747

flutteration1753

tremor1753

swithera1768

twitteration1775

state1781

stew1806

scrow1808

tumultuating1815

flurrification1822

tew1825

purr1842

pirr1856

tête montée1859

go1866

faff1874

poultry flutter1876

palaver1878

thirl1879

razzle-dazzle1885

nervism1887

flurry-scurry1888

fikiness1889

foment1889

dither1891

swivet1892

flusterment1895

tither1896

overwroughtness1923

mania1925

stumer1932

tizzy1935

two and eight1938

snit1939

tizz1953

tiswas1960

wahala1966

c1660 J. Gibbon in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1882) VI. Ps. cxix. 9 A young man..in the highest fermentation of his youthful lusts.

1694 J. Thompson in Earl of Anglesey State Govt. & Kingdom Pref. sig. A3^v Predicting..the Happy future State of our Country. And that the then Fermentation would be perfective to it.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 288 The minds of men being once..put into a fermentation.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 161 Whether in such a state of fermentation, they would wait patiently.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 61 In the intellectual fermentation of Germany, etc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fermentation
释义	fermentationn. Brit. /ˌfəːmɛnˈteɪʃn/, /ˌfəːm(ə)nˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌfərmənˈteɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin fermentātiōn-em, noun of action < fermentāre to ferment v. The action or process of fermenting. 1. A process of the nature of that resulting from the operation of leaven on dough or on saccharine liquids.The features superficially recognizable in the process in these instances are an effervescence or internal commotion, with evolution of heat, in the substance operated on, and a resulting alteration of its properties. Before the rise of modern chemistry, the term was applied to all chemical changes exhibiting these characters; in Alchemy, it was the name of an internal change supposed to be produced in metals by a ‘ferment’, operating after the manner of leaven. In modern science the name is restricted to a definite class of chemical changes peculiar to organic compounds, and produced in them by the stimulus of a ‘ferment’ (see ferment n. 1); the various kinds of fermentation are distinguished by qualifying adjectives, as acetous, alcoholic, butyric, lactic, putrefactive, etc. (see those words). In popular language the term is no longer applied to other kinds of change than those which it denotes in scientific use, but it usually conveys the notion of a sensible effervescence or ‘working’, which is not involved in the chemical sense. a. in applications covered by the modern scientific sense. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > fermentation fermentation1601 ferment1605 yeastinga1821 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiii. vii. 170 Some used to put thereunto [the juice out of mulberries] myrrhe and cypresse, setting all to frie and take their fermentation in the sun. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 26 Made by hindring and keeping the must from fermentation or working. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 8 The second is the inflammable Spirit of Vegetable, and what is procured by the help of Fermentation. 1796 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening xiii. 234 The dung of animals..is put together for fermentation. 1836 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion i. v. 104 Others..contended, that chymification results from simple fermentation of the alimentary mass. 1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 3 These cells are capable of producing fermentation in certain liquids. †b. in Alchemy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > miscellaneous other processes englutingc1386 fermentationc1386 conjunctionc1400 cibation1471 separation1471 wheel1471 putrefactiona1550 termination1584 martyrization1612 restinction1617 illinition1678 immersion1683 interfection1727 c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 264 Oure cementynge and fermentacioun. 1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy ix, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 173 Trew Fermentacyon few Workers do understond. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 33 Fermentacione ys a peculier terme of Alchymye. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B3 Because o' your Fermentation, and Cibation? View more context for this quotation †c. in various other vague applications. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > [noun] wendingeOE changing?c1225 stirringa1240 wrixlinga1240 changec1325 variancec1340 transmutationc1380 varyingc1380 whileness1382 translationc1384 alterationa1398 mutationa1398 removinga1425 revolutiona1425 shiftingc1440 changementc1450 muance1480 commutation1509 altry1527 transition1545 turning1548 novation1549 immutation?c1550 alterance1559 alienation1562 turn?1567 vicissitude1603 refraction1614 fermentationa1661 diabasis1672 parallax1677 motion1678 aliation1775 transience1946 the world > matter > gas > gas or air in liquid or effervescence > [noun] boilingc1384 fervence14.. bubblinga1500 burbling1528 bullitiona1626 ebullition1646 fermentationa1661 intumescence1661 effervescence1685 struggle1741 struggling1764 bubblement1842 bubble1870 creaming1888 hotter1923 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] winOE torpelness?c1225 disturbance1297 workc1325 disturblingc1330 farec1330 frapec1330 disturbing1340 troublingc1340 blunderc1375 unresta1382 hurling1387 perturbationc1400 turbationc1400 rumblec1405 roara1413 rumourc1425 sturblance1435 troublec1435 stroublance1439 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 ruffling1440 stourc1440 rumblingc1450 sturbancec1450 unquietness?c1450 conturbationc1470 ruption1483 stir1487 wanrufe?a1505 rangat?a1513 business1514 turmoil1526 blommera1529 blunderinga1529 disturbation1529 bruyllie1535 garboil1543 bruslery1546 agitation1547 frayment1549 turmoiling1550 whirl1552 confusion1555 troublesomeness1561 rule1567 rummage1575 rabble1579 tumult1580 hurlement1585 rabblement1590 disturb1595 welter1596 coil1599 hurly1600 hurry1600 commotion1616 remotion1622 obturbation1623 stirrance1623 tumultuation1631 commoving1647 roiling1647 spudder1650 suffle1650 dissettlement1654 perturbancy1654 fermentationa1661 dissettledness1664 ferment1672 roil1690 hurry-scurry1753 vortex1761 rumpus1768 widdle1789 gilravagea1796 potheration1797 moil1824 festerment1833 burly1835 fidge1886 static1923 comess1944 frammis1946 bassa-bassa1956 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > fermentation > in various other vague applications fermentationa1661 a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Somerset 21 Others impute the heat..to the fermentation of several minerals. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. i. 19 The general Cause of the growth of a..Seed, is Fermentation. 1678 State Trials, Earl of Pembroke (1810) 1341 Claret, and..small-beer..set the blood upon a fermentation. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 67 An acid Salt mingles it self with an Alkali: from which Mixture results a Fermentation, and very sensible Heat. 1728 J. Thomson Spring 28 The torpid Sap..in fluent Dance And lively Fermentation, mounting. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 69 As soon as our continents were thus delivered from the waters, the fermentations..ceased. †d. Iron-smelting: see quot. 1791. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > smelting > part of process fermentation1791 sintering1873 self-fluxing1880 1791 T. Beddoes in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 174 The hottest part of the mass begins to heave and swell..The workman calls this appearance fermentation. 2. figurative. The state of being excited by emotion or passion; agitation, excitement, working. Sometimes (with more complete metaphor): A state of agitation tending to bring about a purer, more wholesome, or more stable condition of things. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > [noun] excitation1393 motiona1398 concitation1534 erectiona1586 fermentationc1660 effervescence1744 effervescency1767 intumescence1775 electricity1796 electrization1798 sensation1807 electrification1835 bubblement1842 excitement1846 suscitation1870 exuberation1889 splash1899 rousedness1915 adrenaline1928 drama1930 the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun] fever1340 motiona1398 quotidian?a1439 rufflea1535 commotion1581 fret1582 hurry1600 puddering1603 tumultuousnessa1617 trepidation1625 feverishness1638 boilingc1660 fermentationc1660 tumult1663 ferment1672 stickle1681 fuss1705 whirl1707 flurry1710 sweat1715 fluster1728 pucker1740 flutter1741 flustration1747 flutteration1753 tremor1753 swithera1768 twitteration1775 state1781 stew1806 scrow1808 tumultuating1815 flurrification1822 tew1825 purr1842 pirr1856 tête montée1859 go1866 faff1874 poultry flutter1876 palaver1878 thirl1879 razzle-dazzle1885 nervism1887 flurry-scurry1888 fikiness1889 foment1889 dither1891 swivet1892 flusterment1895 tither1896 overwroughtness1923 mania1925 stumer1932 tizzy1935 two and eight1938 snit1939 tizz1953 tiswas1960 wahala1966 c1660 J. Gibbon in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1882) VI. Ps. cxix. 9 A young man..in the highest fermentation of his youthful lusts. 1694 J. Thompson in Earl of Anglesey State Govt. & Kingdom Pref. sig. A3^v Predicting..the Happy future State of our Country. And that the then Fermentation would be perfective to it. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 288 The minds of men being once..put into a fermentation. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 161 Whether in such a state of fermentation, they would wait patiently. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 61 In the intellectual fermentation of Germany, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1386
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