extinguishv.
/ᵻkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/, /ɛkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/, U.S. /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/, /ɛkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ 1. transitive. To put out, quench (fire, light, anything burning or shining). †In early medical use: To reduce (an inflammation).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light)
aquenchc1000
quenchOE
to do outa1425
extinct1483
to put outa1500
out-quencha1522
dout1526
pop1530
extinguish1551
to put forth1598
snuff1688
douse1753
douse1780
smoor1808
to turn out1844
outen1877
to turn off1892
to black out1913
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)]
aquenchc1000
quenchc1175
sleckc1175
slockena1300
bleschea1325
sleckena1340
sleaka1400
asteyntea1450
stancha1450
mesec1480
slockc1480
extinct1483
redd1487
to put outa1500
out-quencha1522
squench1535
extinguish1551
out1629
smoor1721
douse1842
1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xcv Ethelredus..by it [cold water]..extynguyshed..the flames of all..vyces.
1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 16 It [sc. vnguent] doeth extinguishe..all inflammations of the lyuer.
1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Gg5 A sparke extinguish'd to the eye.
1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon ii. 110 The light is under a Bushell, but it is not extinguished.
1691 J. Dryden Beautiful Lady of May 10 The soft god of pleasure..Has broken his bow, and extinguish'd his fires.
1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxiii. 165 Cold extinguishes..Heat.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. iii. 11 They wou'd extinguish the very light of nature.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 271 The water is..thrown in a jet through a hose-pipe with great force, to extinguish fire.
1869 J. Tyndall Notes on Light (1873) ii. 65 Natural bodies..extinguish certain constituents of the white solar light.
2. transferred and figurative.
a. To quench (hopes, passions, strife, life, mental faculties, etc.); to silence (sound).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > cause of death > cause death [verb (transitive)]
to be the death ofOE
slayc1000
reavec1230
dissolvec1374
visita1382
extinguish1540
expiate1594
to carry away1603
to carry off1679
devive1869
to settle the number of a person's mess1881
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions
stupefy?a1425
dullc1440
benumbc1485
slumber?1533
extinguish1540
extinct1542
numb1561
damp1570
hebetate1574
daunt1581
frostbite1593
hebete1597
blunt1600
unedgea1625
engross1626
astonish1635
consopite1647
bate1649
opiate1650
blura1653
hebescate1657
torpefy1808
dozena1810
dullify1838
hebetize1845
chloroform1849
narcotize1852
sodden1863
vastate1892
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > inaudibility > make inaudible [verb (transitive)] > silence > stop a sound
still1390
extinguish1540
clamoura1616
unshouta1616
silence1617
slumber1622
clam1674
mash1930
1540 R. Jonas in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde iii. f. lxxxiv Such as haue.. waterysshe matrices can [not] conceaue, for the powre of the seade is extynguyshed in it.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 21v Paule..exhorteth the Thessalonians not to extinguish the spirite.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §212 It deadeth and extinguisheth the Sound utterly.
a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 89 To extinguish the loue of the people to the young King.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 143 God will not suffer it [truth] to be extinguished.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 666 Least total darkness should..extinguish life in Nature. View more context for this quotation
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 126. ¶3 We should soon see that furious Party-Spirit extinguished.
1729 W. Law Serious Call x. 143 Extinguishing his reason, instead of putting out his eyes.
a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) iii. x. 445 War between great men seldom extinguishes Humanity.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 603 Neither his years nor his profession had wholly entinguished his martial ardour.
b. To ‘quench’ or totally obscure by superior brilliancy; to ‘eclipse’, put completely into the shade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame
shamec1400
to put down1494
extinguish1551
stain1557
overshadow1581
cloud1582
defacea1592
shend1596
to lay up1601
to shine down1623
dazzle1643
umbrage1647
foila1687
efface1717
eclipse1718
shade?1748
put into the shade1796
to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819
to put to shame1854
to leave (a person) standing1864
to lay over1869
blanket1884
upstage1921
1551 S. Gardiner Explic. Catholique Fayth f. 142 In the Sacrament the visible element is not extinguished by the presence of Christes most precious body.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. v. 148 Naturall Graces that extinguish Art. View more context for this quotation
1863 M. Oliphant Salem Chapel I. i. 11 The men..were quite transcended and extinguished by their wives and daughters.
c. In modern use: To reduce (an adversary) to silence. Chiefly colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > refrain from uttering [verb (transitive)] > silence or prevent from speaking
to stop a person's mouthc1175
stilla1225
to keep ina1420
stifle1496
to knit up1530
to muzzle (up) the mouth1531
choke1533
muzzle?1542
to tie a person's tongue1544
tongue-tiea1555
silence1592
untongue1598
to reduce (a person or thing) to silence1605
to bite in1608
gaga1616
to swear downa1616
to laugh down1616
stifle1621
to cry down1623
unworda1627
clamour1646
splint1648
to take down1656
snap1677
stick1708
shut1809
to shut up1814
to cough down1823
to scrape down1855
to howl down1872
extinguish1878
hold1901
shout1924
to pipe down1926
1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 130 The stinging and compressed oration of Odusseus in Scheriè..utterly extinguishes his adversary.
3. † f. To make away with, kill (an individual).
a. To put a total end to, do away with completely, blot out of existence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence
dilghec897
defacec1386
annul1395
anientec1400
refer?c1400
extinct1484
annihil1490
delete1495
out-terma1500
perspoil1523
extaintc1540
extinguish1555
blot1561
wipe1564
to cut the throat of1565
annihilate1567
dissipatea1575
annihilate1586
nullify1609
nullize1615
expunge1628
nothing1637
null1647
extramund1654
be-nothing1674
erase1728
obliterate1798
simoom1821
to tear to shreds1837
snuff1852
mop1859
to take out1900
napoo1915
naught1958
1555 R. Eden Disc. Vyages Butrigarius & Cabote in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 249 By theyr inuasions were extinguyshed all artes and sciences.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. viii. 67 It extinguisheth all heinous crimes.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 44 This late mightie Empire [of the Turks] extinguisht in Ægypt by the Mamalucks.
1670 A. Marvell Let. 22 Feb. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 97 That all memory thereof might be extinguisht.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 169. ¶2 Half the Misery of Human Life might be extinguished.
1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1842) I. 285 The authority of the regular and lawful government is every where..extinguished.
1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 70 But the confiscation of Wolsey's possessions extinguished the grandeur of these plans.
b. To render void (a bill, claim, right, etc.). In Law sometimes spec. (see extinguishment n. 3b).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity
abatea1325
squatcha1325
voida1325
allayc1325
annul1395
reverse1395
revokec1400
rupt?a1425
repealc1425
abroge1427
defeat1429
purloin1461
cassa1464
toll1467
resume1472
reprove1479
suspend1488
discharge1495
reduce1498
cassate1512
defease1512
denulla1513
disannula1513
fordoa1513
avoid1514–5
abrogate?1520
frustrate1528
revert1528
disaffirm?1530
extinct1530
resolve1537
null1538
nihilate1545
extinguish1548
elidec1554
revocate1564
annullate1570
squat1577
skaila1583
irritate1605
retex1606
nullify1607
unable1611
refix1621
vitiate1627
invalid1643
vacate1643
unlaw1644
outlaw1647
invalidate1649
disenact1651
vacuate1654
supersedec1674
destroy1805
break1891
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] > make void or invalid
wanea889
voida1340
avoidc1375
abolishc1475
disnull1509
disannula1513
annihilate1525
evacuate1526
aniente1528
extinct1530
disable1548
extinguish1548
solute1550
destitutea1563
exinanitea1575
cashier1596
devoid1601
shorta1616
supersede1618
vitiate1627
invalidate1649
out1653
vacate1662
exinanitiate1698
atheticize1701
squasha1777
invalid1827
negate1837
negative1837
unsanction1854
cancel-
1548 Duke of Somerset Epist. Inhabitauntes Scotl. 242 That cannot extynguish the title which we haue to the Croune of Scotlande.
a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 13 The warren is not by implication reserued vnto mee either to bee inioyed or extinguished.
1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 207 The action for the residue is utterly extinguished.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 583 Man's..rights and claims Are paramount, and must extinguish theirs [creeping vermin's].
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking v. 132 Cancellation..is considered to extinguish the instrument.
1891 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 18 July 136/2 The right of way..was extinguished by the mortgage.
c. To discharge, obtain total acquittance of, ‘wipe out’ by full payment or composition.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > payment of debt > pay debt [verb (transitive)]
quit?c1225
acquita1250
to pay up1434
satisfy1437
discharge1439
defease1480
persolve1548
solve1558
defray1576
affray1584
clear1600
to pay off1607
extinguish1630
to lay downa1640
wipe1668
settle1688
sink1694
retrieve1711
to clear up1726
balance1740
liquidate1755
to clear off1766
square1821
amortize1830
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 357 All which so inestimable summes..they have re-imbursed or extinguished.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II II. xiv. 7 They will ere long extinguish the debt which they owe you, in your blood.
1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xi. 35 The debt itself..was..held to be extinguished.
1852 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation (ed. 2) iii. i. 429 The only instance of a national debt having been extinguished.
d. To suppress (†books, †customs, offices or corporate institutions).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)]
fordoOE
allayOE
withdrawc1290
withclepe13..
again-callc1390
to call againc1390
repealc1390
revokec1400
unmakec1400
rive1415
annulc1425
abroge1427
uncommandc1430
discharge?a1439
retreatc1443
retract1501
cancela1513
abrogate?1520
dissolve1526
extinct1531
rescind1531
abrenounce1537
infringe1543
recall1565
unwrite1577
extinguish1590
exauctorate1593
relinquish1594
unact1594
to strike off1597
undecide1601
unpass1606
to take off1609
to draw back1610
reclaim1615
to put back1616
abrenunciate1618
unrip1622
supersedeate1641
to set off1642
unassure1643
unorder1648
to ask away1649
disdetermine1651
unbespeak1661
undecree1667
reassumea1675
off-break1702
circumduct1726
raise1837
resiliate1838
denounce1841
disorder1852
pull1937
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.) > a state of things, institution, etc.
extinct1531
repress1532
extinguish1590
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons sig. *ij b Procuring also..to suppresse and extinguish the exercise and serviceable use of Long-bowes.
1590 J. Smythe in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 56 A booke conteyninge so disordered matter, that yt should be extinguished.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 One that extinguished worthy whole volumes, to bring his abridgements into request.
1656 J. Bramhall Replic. to Bishop of Chalcedon ii. 109 The Baronies of the Bishops, and their votes in Parliament were taken away, but the Order was not extinguished.
1722 London Gaz. No. 6092/1 It is our Pleasure that the said Sort [of boat] be extinguished, and no longer used.
1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church xi. 117 Though the bishopric..merged into the archbishopric..it was not extinguished.
1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. ii. 68 It had long been foreseen that..a large number of them [monasteries] must be extinguished.
e. To annihilate, bring to an end, cut off (a family, race, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence > a person, family, or race
extermine1539
extinct1545
extirp1547
extirpate1587
extinguish1593
exterminate1649
1593 R. Harvey Philadelphus 100 The nation of the Hunnes was almost vtterly extinguished in Greece, by the Emperor.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 24 The Danish line cleane extinguished, Edward..the Confessour..was..admitted King of England.
1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. ii. i. 35 The Royall race of the Valois being extinguished by the death of Henry the third.
1837 F. Palgrave Merchant & Friar (1844) 135 ‘Extinguishing’ the Red man by the progress of civilisation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]
swevec725
quelmeOE
slayc893
quelleOE
of-falleOE
ofslayeOE
aquellc950
ayeteeOE
spillc950
beliveOE
to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE
fordoa1000
forfarea1000
asweveOE
drepeOE
forleseOE
martyrOE
to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE
bringc1175
off-quellc1175
quenchc1175
forswelta1225
adeadc1225
to bring of daysc1225
to do to deathc1225
to draw (a person) to deathc1225
murder?c1225
aslayc1275
forferec1275
to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275
martyrc1300
strangle1303
destroya1325
misdoa1325
killc1330
tailc1330
to take the life of (also fro)c1330
enda1340
to kill to (into, unto) death1362
brittena1375
deadc1374
to ding to deathc1380
mortifya1382
perisha1387
to dight to death1393
colea1400
fella1400
kill out (away, down, up)a1400
to slay up or downa1400
swelta1400
voida1400
deliverc1400
starvec1425
jugylc1440
morta1450
to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480
to put offc1485
to-slaya1500
to make away with1502
to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503
rida1513
to put downa1525
to hang out of the way1528
dispatch?1529
strikea1535
occidea1538
to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540
to fling to deathc1540
extinct1548
to make out of the way1551
to fet offa1556
to cut offc1565
to make away?1566
occise1575
spoil1578
senda1586
to put away1588
exanimate1593
unmortalize1593
speed1594
unlive1594
execute1597
dislive1598
extinguish1598
to lay along1599
to make hence1605
conclude1606
kill off1607
disanimate1609
feeze1609
to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611
to kill dead1615
transporta1616
spatch1616
to take off1619
mactate1623
to make meat of1632
to turn up1642
inanimate1647
pop1649
enecate1657
cadaverate1658
expedite1678
to make dog's meat of1679
to make mincemeat of1709
sluice1749
finisha1753
royna1770
still1778
do1780
deaden1807
deathifyc1810
to lay out1829
cool1833
to use up1833
puckeroo1840
to rub out1840
cadaverize1841
to put under the sod1847
suicide1852
outkill1860
to fix1875
to put under1879
corpse1884
stiffen1888
tip1891
to do away with1899
to take out1900
stretch1902
red-light1906
huff1919
to knock rotten1919
skittle1919
liquidate1924
clip1927
to set over1931
creasea1935
ice1941
lose1942
to put to sleep1942
zap1942
hit1955
to take down1967
wax1968
trash1973
ace1975
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. iii. 158 His [Gotarses'] brothers are extinguished by murder.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 558 They extinguish the great ones, especially those of royall bloud.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 271 He had first relinquisht, then extinguisht Edmund.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > be non-existent [verb (intransitive)] > end or cease to exist
tirec725
endOE
forfareOE
goc1175
fleec1200
to wend awayc1225
diea1240
to-melta1240
to pass awaya1325
flit1340
perishc1350
vanisha1375
decorre1377
cease1382
dispend1393
failc1400
overshakec1425
surcease1439
adrawc1450
fall1523
decease1538
define1562
fleet1576
expire1595
evanish1597
extinguish1599
extirp1606
disappear1623
evaporatea1631
trans-shift1648
annihilate1656
exolve1657
cancela1667
to pass off1699
to burn out, forth1832
spark1845
to die out1853
to come, go, etc. by the board1859
sputter1964
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > become extinguished [verb (intransitive)]
quench?c1225
aquencha1250
to wax outc1400
slockc1485
slocken1535
to burn out, forth1597
extinguish1599
squench1643
to blow out1842
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 52/1 Inscende the same, and let it combure, till of it selfe it extinguishe.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 231 They..both extinguish like a snuff.
1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 53 These..through all stormes and persecutions kept Religion from extinguishing.
1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ii. ii. 159 His Family being like to extinguish for want of Heirs.
1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 220 If a Fire..finds Iron and Stone in its Way, it extinguishes of itself.
1742 D. Hume Stoic in Ess. (1779) I. 161 His alacrity suddenly extinguishes.
a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1847) I. 375 He paints that phantom of Royalty the present King extinguishing at Metz.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vi. iii. 322 This conflagration of the South-East will abate;..extinguish it will not, till the fuel be all done.]
Derivatives
exˈtinguished adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [adjective]
dead1340
slockenc1400
extinct?a1475
extinguished1552
outgone1647
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] > unilluminated or unilluminating > extinguished
darkOE
extinct?a1475
extinguished1552
extincteda1616
quenched1825
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > [adjective] > silent or not uttering > putting to silence > put to silence
silenced1592
extinguished1837
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Extinguished, extinctus.
1616 G. Chapman tr. Musaeus Divine Poem 471 She..round about the sea's broad shoulders throws Her eye, to second the extinguish'd light.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 442 His eye relumines its extinguished fires.
1837 in O'Connor Ld. Beaconsfield (1879) 174 The laughter, shouts, etc., which accompanied the honourable and extinguished Member's first attempt in Parliamentary oratory.
a1863 W. M. Thackeray Mr. & Mrs. Berry ii A strong smell of an extinguished lamp.
exˈtinguishedly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > so as to cease to exist
extinguishedlya1641
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 60 Adam lost the measure, and manner, not utterly and extinguishedly, the thing [i.e. virtue].
exˈtinguishing n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > utter destruction or annihilation
anientizement1429
deletiona1513
extincting1513
annihilment1526
exterminion1528
nulling1538
annihilation1541
exterminationc1550
nullity1555
annihilating1577
massacre1595
extinguishment1599
extinct1606
expunction1615
extinction1615
discreationa1628
nullificationa1631
nullifying1640
decreation1647
defacedness1668
extinguishinga1676
erasurea1794
exterminating1796
blotting out1808
naughting1913
wipeout1968
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iii. vii. 285 Some vast devastation..may endanger..the extinguishing of the species of things.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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