expectoratev.

Brit.

/ᵻkˈspɛktəreɪt/,

/ɛkˈspɛktəreɪt/, U.S.

/ᵻkˈspɛktəˌreɪt/,

/ɛkˈspɛktəˌreɪt/

Forms: 1500s– expectorate, 1600s expectorat.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin expectorāt-, expectorāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin expectorāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of expectorāre to banish from the mind, to banish from the affections (recorded in early texts (2nd cent. b.c.) and considered archaic by Quintilian), in post-classical Latin also to clear or drive out from the chest or lungs (1551 or earlier) < ex- ex- prefix¹ + pector- , pectus breast (see pectus n.).With sense 3 compare to get it off one's chest at chest n.¹ 9c.

†1. transitive. Medicine. Of a medication: to promote the expulsion of (mucus or other fluid) from the lungs and respiratory passages. Occasionally also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > cause excretion of [verb (transitive)] > expel phlegm

expectorate1597

retch1884

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 848 It [sc. Angelica] extenuateth and maketh thinne, grosse and tough flegme: the root being vsed greene, and while it is full of iuice, helpeth them that be asthmaticke, dissoluing and expectorating the stuffings therein.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiv. xvi. 200 As well the one as the other, doth expectorat [Fr. euacuer; L. purgare] the fleame gathered in the chest.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 133 For they [sc. Chestnuts] mundifie the lungs from phlegme, represse the vlcers of them, expectorate the putrilaginous matter, and viscous humors of the same.

1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick vii. i. 150 Saffron in Sawce is good for the Breast; also a Junket made of Mustard seed and Honey doth expectorate.

1656 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 80 The Decoction of the Herb [sc. Crosswort] in Wine helpeth to expectorate flegm out of the chest.

1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis 769/1 Green Oyntment..is given..to..expectorate flegm.

1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 121 It [sc. the Electuary]..powerfully expectorates.

2. Of a person.

a. transitive. Medicine. To expel (mucus, blood, etc.) from the lungs and respiratory passages by coughing; to cough up and spit out (sputum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (transitive)] > cough or spit up

reachOE

cough1362

hawk1581

expectorate1601

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Catal. Words Art To Expectorat, to rid and discharge out of the breast by coughing or reaching.

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxiii. 110 Excrementitious humours, such as are expectorated by a Cough.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 334 Morbifick Matter..is..expectorated by Coughing.

1747 tr. J. Astruc Academical Lect. Fevers 291 The yellow spits generally expectorated in a peripneumony.

1817 Trans. Physico-med. Soc. N.-Y. 1 113 Dr. Morton observed such as laboured under pituitous consumption, to expectorate a black mucus in the morning.

1861 F. H. Ramadge Curability of Consumption 30 He expectorated blood.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 219 When it is remembered that about one-seventh of mankind die of pulmonary tuberculosis, and that, in the majority of cases, the patients, for weeks or months, expectorate large quantities of bacilli.., it is clear that there is an ample supply.

1994 C. Dexter Daughters of Cain (1995) xxxii. 182 Morse now coughed violently, expectorating into a tissue a disgusting gobbet of yellowish-green phlegm streaked with bright blood.

b. intransitive. Medicine. To expel mucus or other material from the lungs and respiratory passages; to produce sputum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (intransitive)] > cough or spit up

to spit white1600

yesk1664

expectorate1882

1635 A. Read Chirurg. Lect. Tumors & Vlcers 319 If the partie pine not away, if hee expectorate easily..you may conceive some hope of the cure.

1662 H. Stubbe Indian Nectar vi. 129 I felt my self to be seised with a gentle sweat, or moisture, and moderately to purge by Vrine, and to expectorate.

1746 R. James tr. P. Alpinus Presages Life & Death in Dis. II. vii. xviii. 333 Hippocrates..informs us, that phthisical Patients live so long as they can expectorate, but die when the Spit is retained.

1758 J. Ball Treat. Fevers 210 It is likely to go very bad with pleuriticks, and peripneumonicks, when they do not expectorate at all.

1825 W. P. Dewees Treat. Physical & Med. Treatm. Children 410 This disease [sc. whooping cough] is generally most severe with infants, as they cannot expectorate with the same freedom as older children.

1882 R. Quain Dict. Med. at Expectoration By teaching the patient ‘how to expectorate’ life may be prolonged.

1958 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Feb. 454/2 The proponent should be asked to bring a morning specimen of sputum; and in addition he should be made to expectorate at the time of the examination.

1989 Independent (Nexis) 4 July 15 We will..give them inhalations of eucalyptus and cedarwood to help them expectorate.

c. intransitive. gen. To expel saliva (sometimes mixed with chewing tobacco, betel nut, etc.) from the mouth; to spit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of slavering > slaver [verb (intransitive)] > spit

spattlec1000

spetec1000

spittlec1340

spit1377

spetc1421

fipple?1507

reach1540

spawl1599

spatter1618

sputter1681

expectorate1823

gob1881

flob1977

1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 368/1 No man has a right to expectorate publicly in a high wind.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. ii. 13 The men [at Cambridge]..expectorated on the floor.

?1891 G. A. Sala in R. Ford Pop. Eng. Readings 17 The meeting turned their quids, and expectorated too.

1917 Pop. Mech. July 74/2 (caption) Corner in Boston factory painted white so that employes would be less apt to expectorate in it.

1999 C. Dexter Remorseful Day (2000) xlviii. 272 By the youth's own admission he was showing off, expectorating regularly, terrorizing any pedestrians, riding no-handed.

2005 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 27 Nov. (Seven Days section) 18/1 Bus staff have to be issued with a ‘spit kit’ so the authorities can obtain the DNA of those who think nothing of expectorating (that's gobbing to you, Jimmy) on public service staff.

3. figurative and in figurative contexts.

a. transitive. To expel or cast out; to spit out (words); to express (a violent emotion).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific immaterial things

wrench?c1225

outrage?a1439

express1547

expectorate1621

devolve1654

1621 S. Ward Life of Faith (ed. 2) vii. 44 Hath it [sc. faith] not soueraigne vertue in it to..expectorate [1621 (ed. 1) empectorate] all feares?

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. xxiii. 17) 534 The dust of covetousnes had put out the eyes of these buzzards, and expectorated their understandings.

1782 V. Knox Ess. (new ed.) I. vi. 28 All the venom which a virulent party could expectorate upon them.

1826 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 958 I..almost involuntarily, tho' to myself only, expectorated my spleen in three or four stanzas.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 39/2 Teufelsdröckh had not already expectorated his antipedagogic spleen.

1976 G. Durrell Stationary Ark ii. 28 This [word] was expectorated with a venom that would have done credit to a spitting cobra.

2012 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Dec. (Film & Music section) 10 I am enraptured by his voice..the words expectorated with a precision that enunciates every corner of every syllable.

b. transitive (reflexive) and intransitive. To relieve one's mind by the expression of thoughts or opinions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > console [verb (reflexive)] > relieve

unburden1578

unweary1631

vent1631

expectorate1667

ease1849

the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be consoled or relieved [verb (intransitive)]

to take (have) comfortc1320

solace1340

lightenc1440

cheer1590

comforta1616

expectorate1749

1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 185 I could enlarge in this Subject which is so pleasing to me, to expectorate my self by.

1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 183 As soon as they have passed the courts of the convent, they are permitted to expectorate a little in spiritual conversation.

1754 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) I. 246 Sir George came..to expectorate with me, as he called it.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. vii. 161 Friedrich..took to verses, by way of expectorating himself.

1978 H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong tr. S. Kierkegaard Jrnls. & Papers i. 103 By expectorating myself as in a letter to an intimate friend, I gain the possibility of self-knowledge.

Derivatives

exˈpectorated adj. brought up or expelled by expectoration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [adjective] > coughed or spat up

expectorated1662

expectorative1845

1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xlviii. 358 That foul or stinking Vapours, should ascend out of the Womb, which should stir up their companional Vapours, as well from it self, as else-where out of the stomack, whence they should press out all the expectorated Snivel or Filth, the Author of an Asthma.

1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 124 On examining the expectorated Phlegm (which was tinged with Blood) I found it fibrous, and (when expanded in Water) exactly resembling the Vessels in the Lungs.

1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 335 Dr. Chiaje..found the polystoma sanguiculum in the expectorated blood of two phthisical patients.

1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. xiii. 165 The initial investigation of a suspected case of Legionnaires' disease may include culture of respiratory specimens, eg. trans-tracheal aspirate, bronchoscopy aspirate or (less satisfactorily) expectorated sputum.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	expectorate
释义	expectoratev. Brit. /ᵻkˈspɛktəreɪt/, /ɛkˈspɛktəreɪt/, U.S. /ᵻkˈspɛktəˌreɪt/, /ɛkˈspɛktəˌreɪt/ Forms: 1500s– expectorate, 1600s expectorat. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin expectorāt-, expectorāre. Etymology: < classical Latin expectorāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of expectorāre to banish from the mind, to banish from the affections (recorded in early texts (2nd cent. b.c.) and considered archaic by Quintilian), in post-classical Latin also to clear or drive out from the chest or lungs (1551 or earlier) < ex- ex- prefix¹ + pector- , pectus breast (see pectus n.).With sense 3 compare to get it off one's chest at chest n.¹ 9c. †1. transitive. Medicine. Of a medication: to promote the expulsion of (mucus or other fluid) from the lungs and respiratory passages. Occasionally also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > cause excretion of [verb (transitive)] > expel phlegm expectorate1597 retch1884 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 848 It [sc. Angelica] extenuateth and maketh thinne, grosse and tough flegme: the root being vsed greene, and while it is full of iuice, helpeth them that be asthmaticke, dissoluing and expectorating the stuffings therein. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxiv. xvi. 200 As well the one as the other, doth expectorat [Fr. euacuer; L. purgare] the fleame gathered in the chest. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 133 For they [sc. Chestnuts] mundifie the lungs from phlegme, represse the vlcers of them, expectorate the putrilaginous matter, and viscous humors of the same. 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick vii. i. 150 Saffron in Sawce is good for the Breast; also a Junket made of Mustard seed and Honey doth expectorate. 1656 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 80 The Decoction of the Herb [sc. Crosswort] in Wine helpeth to expectorate flegm out of the chest. 1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis 769/1 Green Oyntment..is given..to..expectorate flegm. 1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 121 It [sc. the Electuary]..powerfully expectorates. 2. Of a person. a. transitive. Medicine. To expel (mucus, blood, etc.) from the lungs and respiratory passages by coughing; to cough up and spit out (sputum). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (transitive)] > cough or spit up reachOE cough1362 hawk1581 expectorate1601 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Catal. Words Art To Expectorat, to rid and discharge out of the breast by coughing or reaching. 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxiii. 110 Excrementitious humours, such as are expectorated by a Cough. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iii. 334 Morbifick Matter..is..expectorated by Coughing. 1747 tr. J. Astruc Academical Lect. Fevers 291 The yellow spits generally expectorated in a peripneumony. 1817 Trans. Physico-med. Soc. N.-Y. 1 113 Dr. Morton observed such as laboured under pituitous consumption, to expectorate a black mucus in the morning. 1861 F. H. Ramadge Curability of Consumption 30 He expectorated blood. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 219 When it is remembered that about one-seventh of mankind die of pulmonary tuberculosis, and that, in the majority of cases, the patients, for weeks or months, expectorate large quantities of bacilli.., it is clear that there is an ample supply. 1994 C. Dexter Daughters of Cain (1995) xxxii. 182 Morse now coughed violently, expectorating into a tissue a disgusting gobbet of yellowish-green phlegm streaked with bright blood. b. intransitive. Medicine. To expel mucus or other material from the lungs and respiratory passages; to produce sputum. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (intransitive)] > cough or spit up to spit white1600 yesk1664 expectorate1882 1635 A. Read Chirurg. Lect. Tumors & Vlcers 319 If the partie pine not away, if hee expectorate easily..you may conceive some hope of the cure. 1662 H. Stubbe Indian Nectar vi. 129 I felt my self to be seised with a gentle sweat, or moisture, and moderately to purge by Vrine, and to expectorate. 1746 R. James tr. P. Alpinus Presages Life & Death in Dis. II. vii. xviii. 333 Hippocrates..informs us, that phthisical Patients live so long as they can expectorate, but die when the Spit is retained. 1758 J. Ball Treat. Fevers 210 It is likely to go very bad with pleuriticks, and peripneumonicks, when they do not expectorate at all. 1825 W. P. Dewees Treat. Physical & Med. Treatm. Children 410 This disease [sc. whooping cough] is generally most severe with infants, as they cannot expectorate with the same freedom as older children. 1882 R. Quain Dict. Med. at Expectoration By teaching the patient ‘how to expectorate’ life may be prolonged. 1958 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Feb. 454/2 The proponent should be asked to bring a morning specimen of sputum; and in addition he should be made to expectorate at the time of the examination. 1989 Independent (Nexis) 4 July 15 We will..give them inhalations of eucalyptus and cedarwood to help them expectorate. c. intransitive. gen. To expel saliva (sometimes mixed with chewing tobacco, betel nut, etc.) from the mouth; to spit. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of slavering > slaver [verb (intransitive)] > spit spattlec1000 spetec1000 spittlec1340 spit1377 spetc1421 fipple?1507 reach1540 spawl1599 spatter1618 sputter1681 expectorate1823 gob1881 flob1977 1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 368/1 No man has a right to expectorate publicly in a high wind. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. ii. 13 The men [at Cambridge]..expectorated on the floor. ?1891 G. A. Sala in R. Ford Pop. Eng. Readings 17 The meeting turned their quids, and expectorated too. 1917 Pop. Mech. July 74/2 (caption) Corner in Boston factory painted white so that employes would be less apt to expectorate in it. 1999 C. Dexter Remorseful Day (2000) xlviii. 272 By the youth's own admission he was showing off, expectorating regularly, terrorizing any pedestrians, riding no-handed. 2005 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 27 Nov. (Seven Days section) 18/1 Bus staff have to be issued with a ‘spit kit’ so the authorities can obtain the DNA of those who think nothing of expectorating (that's gobbing to you, Jimmy) on public service staff. 3. figurative and in figurative contexts. a. transitive. To expel or cast out; to spit out (words); to express (a violent emotion). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific immaterial things wrench?c1225 outrage?a1439 express1547 expectorate1621 devolve1654 1621 S. Ward Life of Faith (ed. 2) vii. 44 Hath it [sc. faith] not soueraigne vertue in it to..expectorate [1621 (ed. 1) empectorate] all feares? 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. xxiii. 17) 534 The dust of covetousnes had put out the eyes of these buzzards, and expectorated their understandings. 1782 V. Knox Ess. (new ed.) I. vi. 28 All the venom which a virulent party could expectorate upon them. 1826 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 958 I..almost involuntarily, tho' to myself only, expectorated my spleen in three or four stanzas. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 39/2 Teufelsdröckh had not already expectorated his antipedagogic spleen. 1976 G. Durrell Stationary Ark ii. 28 This [word] was expectorated with a venom that would have done credit to a spitting cobra. 2012 Guardian (Nexis) 21 Dec. (Film & Music section) 10 I am enraptured by his voice..the words expectorated with a precision that enunciates every corner of every syllable. b. transitive (reflexive) and intransitive. To relieve one's mind by the expression of thoughts or opinions. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > console [verb (reflexive)] > relieve unburden1578 unweary1631 vent1631 expectorate1667 ease1849 the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be consoled or relieved [verb (intransitive)] to take (have) comfortc1320 solace1340 lightenc1440 cheer1590 comforta1616 expectorate1749 1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 185 I could enlarge in this Subject which is so pleasing to me, to expectorate my self by. 1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 183 As soon as they have passed the courts of the convent, they are permitted to expectorate a little in spiritual conversation. 1754 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) I. 246 Sir George came..to expectorate with me, as he called it. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. vii. 161 Friedrich..took to verses, by way of expectorating himself. 1978 H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong tr. S. Kierkegaard Jrnls. & Papers i. 103 By expectorating myself as in a letter to an intimate friend, I gain the possibility of self-knowledge. Derivatives exˈpectorated adj. brought up or expelled by expectoration. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [adjective] > coughed or spat up expectorated1662 expectorative1845 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike xlviii. 358 That foul or stinking Vapours, should ascend out of the Womb, which should stir up their companional Vapours, as well from it self, as else-where out of the stomack, whence they should press out all the expectorated Snivel or Filth, the Author of an Asthma. 1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 124 On examining the expectorated Phlegm (which was tinged with Blood) I found it fibrous, and (when expanded in Water) exactly resembling the Vessels in the Lungs. 1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 335 Dr. Chiaje..found the polystoma sanguiculum in the expectorated blood of two phthisical patients. 1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. xiii. 165 The initial investigation of a suspected case of Legionnaires' disease may include culture of respiratory specimens, eg. trans-tracheal aspirate, bronchoscopy aspirate or (less satisfactorily) expectorated sputum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1597
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